New technologies in the 19th century like photography and lithography challenged traditional notions of art by allowing mechanical reproduction of visual images. This disrupted established categories of high and low art. Artists had to reconsider their practices and roles in response to these new technologies that blurred distinctions between art and craft.

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Breaking Frame: Technology and the visual arts in the nineteenth century
Divall, Colin
The Journal of Transport History; Sep 1999; 20, 2; Arts & Humanities Full Text
pg. 177

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