This document discusses the roles and settings of nursing. It describes how nurses provide direct patient care, consult with other healthcare professionals, teach patients, and rehabilitate patients. Nurses work in various settings like hospitals, ambulatory clinics, and long-term care facilities. The document also outlines standards of nursing practice established by professional organizations and the American Nurses Association. These standards guide nursing practice and define accountability to patients. Finally, the document lists various roles of nurses as caregivers, communicators, teachers, advocates, counselors, leaders, managers, and researchers.

1. PART - 2
INTRODUCTION OF NURSING
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2. • Care of the dying
• This area of nursing practise involves
comforting and caring for people of all ages
who are dying .
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3. NURSING ACTIVITIES
• Providing direct care to the ill person such as
administering ,medications, baths, and specific
procedure and treatments.
• Performing diagnostic and assessment procedures,
such as measuring blood pressure and examining
feces for occult blood.
• Consulting with other health care professionals
about client problems.
• Teaching clients about recovery activities ,such as
exercises that will accelerate recovery after a
stroke.
• Rehabilitating clients to their optimal functional level
following physical or mental illness, injury, or
chemical addiction.
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4. SETTINGS FOR NURSING
• In the past ,the acute care hospital was the
main practise setting open to most nurses .
Today many nurses work in hospitals ,but
increasingly they work in ambulatory clinics,
long term care, health maintenance
organization .
• Nurses have different degree of nursing
autonomy and nursing responsibility in the
various settings. E . g .direct care ,teach
clients and supports persons, and nursing
advocates

5. Standards of clinical nursing practise
• Establishing and implementing standards of practise
are major functions of a professional
organization .The standards:
• Reflect the values and priorities of the nursing
profession.
• Provide direction for professional nursing practise.
• Provide a frame work for the evaluation of nursing
practise.
• Define the profession’s accountability to the public
and client outcomes for which nurses are
responsible .
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6. ANA standards of clinical nursing practise
• Assessment : the nurse collects patient health data.
• Diagnosis : the nurse analyzes the assessment data in
determining diagnosis.
• Outcome identification : the nurse identifies expected
outcomes individualised to the patient.
• Planning the nurse develps a plan of care that
prescribes interventions to attain expected outcomes.
• Implementation : the nurse implements the interventions
identified in the plan of care.
• Evaluation : the nurse evaluates the patients progress
toward attainment if outcomes.
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7. Roles and functions of the nurse caregiver
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8. • Caregiver encompasses the physical , psychosocial
developmental cultural and spiritual levels.
• Communication is integral to all nursing roles,
nurses communicate with the client support
persons, other health professionals and people in
the community.
• Teacher the nurse helps the clients to learn about
their health and the health care procedures they
need to perform to restore or maintain their health.
• Client advocate acts to protect the client.in this role
the nurse may represent the clients needs.relaying
the client wishes for information to the physician
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9. • Counsellor : counselling is the process pf helping
a client to recognise and cope with stressful
psycological or social problems to be improved.
• Change agent : the nurse act as a change agent
when assisting others, that is, clients, to make
modifications in their own behaviour.
• Leader : a leader influences other to work
together to accomplish a specific goal .
• Manager : the nurse manages the nursing care of
individuals , families, and communities.
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10. • Case manager : nurses case manager work with
multi disciplinary health care team to measure the
effectiveness of the case management plan and
the monitor outcomes.
• Research consumer : nurses often use reasearch
to improve client care.in a clinical area.
• Awareness of the process and language of
research.
• Be sensitive of rights of human subjects.
• Identification of significant researchable
problems.
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11. • Expanded career roles :
• Such as those of nursing practitioner, clinical
nurse specialist ,nurse midwife, nurse
educator, nurse researcher, and nurse
anaesthetist.
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12. THANK YOU
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