This study analyzed 232 patient samples to compare results from rapid antigen tests and RT-PCR tests for COVID-19. The overall COVID-19 positivity rate was 0.86%. Two patients tested positive, both symptomatic. The rapid antigen test showed 50% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to the RT-PCR test, which is the gold standard but takes longer. While rapid antigen tests provide quicker results and are more suitable for community screening, RT-PCR remains the most sensitive and specific method for COVID-19 diagnosis.

1. Presented By :
Roll :- PG/VUOGP57/BIT IV S No.:- 033
Registration No.:- 02176 of 2020-2021

2.  At the end of 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was
firstly reported in Wuhan, China
 Caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2)
 Rapidly spread from its origin to other countries throughout the
world

3. 1. Determine the infection positivity rate of Covid-19
disease.
2. Determine the disease prevalence by age and gender
3. Compare the results of rapid antigen test and the RT-
PCR test
4. Determine the infection positivity rate of Covid-19
disease among symptomatic and asymptomatic
patients.

4. Total 232 patients specimen were collected and compared for
both RT-PCR with fast antigen detection test of COVID-19
testing .
For the detection of Covid-19 disease, sample were taken from:-
(i) All symptomatic individuals with Influenza Like Illness
(ILI) who were suspected of being infected with COVID-19
(ii) All asymptomatic immunosuppressed patients like (HIV+),
patients with malignant disease, elderly patients (>65 years
old).
(iii) Asymptomatic patients undergoing elective/emergency
surgical procedures or nonsurgical therapies.

6. Collection of Nasopharyngeal
Specimen
Put the Swab in buffer
Put 3-4 drops of extracted buffer in kit
well

7. Sample
Collection
RNA
Extraction
RT-PCR
Data
Analysis

8. Applied Biosystem Assay,
India
No. of Recations Volume/1 Reaction
Covipath 1-step
Multiplex Master Mix
6.25 µL
Covipath Covid-19
Assay Multiplex (20X)
1.25µL
RNAse free water 7.50µL
Total 15 µL
RNA 10 µL
Total Volume 25 µL
Interpretation:-
•Positive :- Ct values of even
one target gene is ≤ 37
•Negative :- Ct values were
>37
Step No. of cycle temeparature duration
1 1 50°C 20 min
2 1 95°C 15 min
3 1 95°C 15 sec
4 48°C 30 sec
5 GOTO step 3, 44 more times
N gene (FAM)
ORF1ab gene
(VIC)
Housekeeping
gene (ROX)

9. Total 232 patients’ sample dual specimen was collected for fast
antigen detection & RT-PCR test. Among them 138 (59.48%)
patients were men and 94 (40.52%) were women. All the patients
were distributed on age & gender basis.
Age Groups Male Female
0-10 5 1
11-20 15 15
21-30 47 32
31-40 27 16
41-50 14 17
51-60 15 9
61-70 10 2
>70 5 2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

10. All the patients are categorized into three groups:-
1. Symptomatic patients (patients have ILI) – 49
2. Asymptomatic patients (patients undergo surgical procedure & patients admitted in
ICU) – 62
3. Asymptomatic patients (patients undergo non- surgical procedure such as
bronchoscopy, endoscopy etc) – 121
Sl No. Categories of
Patients
No. of
Patients
01 Symptomatic patients
(patients have Influenza
Like Illness)
49
02 Asymptomatic patients
(patients undergo surgical
procedure & patients
admitted in ICU)
62
03 Asymptomatic patients
(patients undergo non-
surgical procedure such as
bronchscopy, endoscopy
etc)
121
49
62
121
No. of patients
symptomatic
patients (patients
like influenza like
illness, who were
suspected of Covid-
19 infection)
asymptomatic
patients (patients
undergo surgical
procedure and
patients admitted in
ICU)
asymptomatic
patients (patients
undergo non
surgical such as
endoscopy, dialysis
and travel outside
the state)

11. All the 232 patients were also categorized on the basis of
vaccination status. Among the 232 people, 201 peoples are fully
vaccinated, 14 people are getting their first dose only and 17
peoples are not getting any dose of vaccine till now.
Categories of patients No. of patients
Fully vaccinated 201
Single dose 14
Not Vaccinated 17
0
50
100
150
200
250
FULLY VACCINATED SINGLE DOSE NOT VACCINATED

12. Among the 232 patients only two patients tested positive .
Among the two positive patients 1 is male and 1 is female.
Overall positivity rate was found that 0.86%.
Among the 2 positive patients, both the patients were
found symptomatic having influenza like illness and
suspected of Covid-19.
Tested Positive 02 (0.86%)
Tested Negative 230 (99.14%)
TESTED POSITIVE
TESTED NEGATIVE

13. Among the two positive patients, 1 is tested positive by both
Rapid Antigen test and RT-PCR test. 1 patients is tested
positive by only RT-PCR test. These results shows the
sensitivity of 50.00% and specificity of 100% for Rapid
Antigen detection Assay.
Sensitivity : 50.00% (TP/TP+FN*100)
Specificity : 100 % (TN/TN+FP*100)
Positive Test results Rapid Ag Pos/ RT-PCR
Pos
(True Positive)
n=1
Rapid Ag Pos/ RT-PCR
Neg
(False Positive)
n=0
Negative Test Results Rapid Ag Neg/ RT-PCR
Pos
(False Negative)
n=1
Rapid Ag Neg/ RT-PCR
Neg
(True Negative)
n=230

14.  According to the findings of this investigation, the COVID-19 infection
positive rate is 0.86% .
 The current study's findings show that the quick antigen detection test has
a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 100%, which is consistent with the
findings of the ICMR
 RT-PCR detection of viral nucleic acid is the gold standard for non-
invasive COVID-19 diagnosis. The accuracy of this test is an advantage.
This approach is the most sensitive and specific
 Rapid antigen detection tests can yield results in 30 minutes, are very
inexpensive, do not require substantial training, and can be used both in
laboratories and at the bedside of patients (point of care).
 Although antigen-based tests are less sensitive than molecular tests,
particularly in the early stages of infection, they are more appropriate for
community screening.
 This test is also beneficial in distant places where molecular testing
facilities are unavailable and when access to polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) chemicals is restricted.

15.  We conclude that, when compared RAT to RT-PCR,
antigen detection assays are not as sensitive as
molecular tests, especially during the early stages of
infection.
 RAT has the advantage of quick results and could be
useful in emergency situations where waiting for
RTPCR findings is impractical.
 To prevent putting the healthcare team at danger, the
more sensitive real-time RTPCR should be used before
any elective, non-emergency operations or surgeries.
 After getting the patients test results the surgical team
should take the appropriate precautionary steps to avoid
infection .