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Architectures That Bend but Don't Break

The document discusses software architecture, emphasizing the concept of 'bend but not break' to illustrate the importance of resilience in system design. Key points include definitions of software architecture, qualities desired in software systems, and methods for measuring system resilience and performance. It also touches on stressors affecting software and the significance of adaptive frameworks that allow systems to thrive under challenging conditions.

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Architectures that Bend but Don’t Break Matt Stine Global Field CTO / Chief Architect @mstine http://www.mattstine.com
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Who is this guy? Matt Stine - Global Field CTO / Chief Architect
 at Pivotal 18 year Enterprise IT veteran developer / architect 6 years focused on Cloud Native Platforms and Architecture Frequent conference circuit speaker Host of Software Architecture Radio
 http://softwarearchitecturerad.io I wrote a little cloud book…
 https://www.oreilly.com/programming/free/ migrating-cloud-native-application- architectures.csp 2
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 3 What even is architecture?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 3 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 3 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 3 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? What software qualities do we want?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 3 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? How do we measure those qualities? What software qualities do we want?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 3 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? How do we create those qualities? How do we measure those qualities? What software qualities do we want?
4Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ What even is architecture?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 5 Architecture: decisions that are hard to reverse. Matt Parker Software Architecture: the high level shape and flow of the software that’s independent of the problem domain, but dependent on the desired user experience.
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 6 Architecture represents the significant design decisions that shape a system, where significance is measured by cost of change. Simon Brown
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 7 Meaningful architecture is a living, vibrant process of deliberation, design, & decision, not just documentation. Grady Booch
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 8 The important stuff (whatever that is). Ralph Johnson
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 9 Architecture is the process by which we make and capture software engineering decisions that have system-wide impact and are often expensive to reverse. Matt’s Definition
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 10 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean?
11Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ What does “bend but not break” mean?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 12 The oak fought the wind and was broken, the willow bent when it must and survived. ― Robert Jordan, The Fires of Heaven
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 13 Bend but Don’t Break Defense (2017) SOURCE: https://www.patspulpit.com/2018/1/6/16855296/new-england-patriots-defense-took-bend-but-dont-break-to-a-new-level-in-2017 ■ Yards per Drive:
 32nd (i.e. WORST) ■ Points per Drive:
 6th
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Break vs. Bend Break ■ Fragile
 Stress → Destruction ■ Robust
 Stress → Resistance 14 Bend ■ Resilient
 Stress → Adaptation ■ Antifragile
 Stress → Innovation
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 15 CREDIT: Bilgin Ibryam - https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2016/07/20/from-fragile-to-antifragile-software/
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 16 Resilience is the ability of a system to adapt or keep working when challenges occur. Resilience CREDIT: Ines Sombra - https://speakerdeck.com/randommood/full-stack-fest-architectural-patterns-of-resilient-distributed-systems
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Defining Resilience ■ Fault-tolerance ■ Evolvability ■ Scalability ■ Failure isolation ■ Complexity Management 17 CREDIT: Ines Sombra - https://speakerdeck.com/randommood/full-stack-fest-architectural-patterns-of-resilient-distributed-systems
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 18
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Immune Systems 19
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Muscular Systems 20
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Ant Swarms 21
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 22
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Software That Improves Itself? 23
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Socio-technical Systems 24
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Socio-technical Systems 24 ! " #! " # ! " # ! " #
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 25 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors?
26Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ What are software stressors?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Russ Miles’ Stressors ■ Innovation ■ System Wildly Successful! ■ System Hardly Used ■ System Failures ■ Emergent Need to Reuse 27
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 28 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? What software qualities do we want?
29Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ What software qualities do we want?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 30 Can we continuously deliver incremental value to the business through software? Innovation
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 31 Can we deliver systems that are able to survive and thrive amidst turbulent conditions in production? Wild Success / System Failure
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 32 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? How do we measure those qualities? What software qualities do we want?
33Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ How do we measure those qualities?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 34 LEAD TIME: how long does it take you to go from idea to delivered software? Innovation
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 35 CYCLE TIME: how long does it take you to make a change and deliver it to production? Innovation
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 36 INVERSE LEAD TIME: how long does it take for feedback to enter your development queue? Innovation
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 37 TRASH RATIO: how many of your experiments do you end up discarding? Innovation
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 38 ■ Service Level Objectives (SLOs) ■ Steady State Metrics Resilience
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 39
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ SRE Measures ■ Service Level Indicator: 
 Quantitative measure of an aspect of level of service provided (e.g. request latency) ■ Service Level Objective: 
 Target value/range of values for a service level measured by an SLI 40
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Focus on Distributions 41 Not on Averages! https://landing.google.com/sre/book/chapters/service-level-objectives.html
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Four Golden Signals ■ Latency: 
 Time it takes to service a request. ■ Traffic: 
 How much demand is placed on the system. ■ Errors: 
 Rate of requests that fail. ■ Saturation: 
 How "full" your service is. 42
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Steady State 43 Some externally visible business metric with a low degree of variation.
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Netflix: SPS 44 Successful Streaming Starts per Second
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Starts Per Second 45 A single indicator that closely approximates our most important activity: viewing. A single indicator that closely approximates our most important activity: viewing.
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 46 WHAT IS YOUR MOST IMPORTANT ACTIVITY?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 47 WHAT SINGLE INDICATOR COULD YOU USE TO APPROXIMATE IT?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ The Ultimate Metric 48 TTRTime to Recovery
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 49 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? How do we create those qualities? How do we measure those qualities? What software qualities do we want?
50Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ How do we create those qualities?
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 51 Can we continuously deliver incremental value to the business through software? Innovation
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 52
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 53 This paper discusses modularization as a mechanism for improving the flexibility and comprehensibility of a system while allowing the shortening of its development time. The effectiveness of a "modularization” is dependent upon the criteria used in dividing the system into modules.
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 54 The major progress in the area of modular programming has been the development of coding techniques and assemblers which (1) allow one module to be written with little knowledge of the code used in another module and, (2) allow modules to be reassembled and replaced without reassembly of the whole system.
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 55 Let’s build an online store! Decomposition Techniques
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 56 Product Catalog Orders Inventory Payment Fulfillment ShippingNotifications
57 Data Services UI
57 Domain Model Data Services UI
57 Domain Model Data Services UI
57 Services Domain Model Data Services UI
57 Services Domain Model Data Services UI
57 MVC Controllers / Views Services Domain Model Data Services UI
57 MVC Controllers / Views Services Domain Model Data Services UI
57 MVC Controllers / Views Services Domain Model Data Services UI
57 MVC Controllers / Views Services Domain Model Data Services UI
Functional Decomposition Independent
 Development Dependent on shared data formats and schema. Must be jointly defined and agreed upon across multiple groups. Comprehensibility You need to know something about how all of the modules work to understand the whole system. Changes Struggles with knowledge spread across all modules, so often each module has to change in response to a desired functional change. 58Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 59 Let’s Refactor to a 
 Capability Decomposition Decomposition Techniques
60
60
60
60
60
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60
Capability Decomposition Independent
 Development Has abstract interfaces that encapsulate the work to be done. Comprehensibility You can understand modules independently. Changes Usually isolates a change to a single module. 61Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
DOMAIN DRIVEN DESIGN
hexagonal architecture DOMAIN DRIVEN DESIGN
Strategic Design - the View from 35,000 FEET
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 64 ! ! ! " " " πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης ! ! ! " " " ! ! ! " " " ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक Bounded Contexts
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 64 ! ! ! " " " πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης ! ! ! " " " ! ! ! " " " ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक Bounded Contexts
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ ■ Business Invariants ■ Policies ■ Transactions ■ State ■ Persistence 65 Now it’s time to start speaking the Ubiquitous Language within each Bounded Context. Tactical Design? ■ Business Invariants ■ Policies ■ Transactions ■ State ■ Persistence
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ The Central Concept 66 Aggregate
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ The Central Concept 66 Aggregate A cluster of objects treated as a single unit. Often modeled as a state machine. The atomic unit for any transactional behavior. Only accessed through its Root Entity. Responsible for maintaining any/all business invariants. Entity EntityEntity Value Object Value Object Value Object
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 67 Application Service Hexagonal Architecture
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 67 Application Service Domain Model Hexagonal Architecture ■ Domain Model (Aggregates, etc.) 
 wrapped by an Application Service
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 67 Application Service Domain Model Port Port Port Port Port Port Hexagonal Architecture ■ Domain Model (Aggregates, etc.) 
 wrapped by an Application Service ■ Ports represent generic 
 entry/exit points (interface)
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 67 Application Service Domain Model Adapter Port Port Port Port Port Port Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Hexagonal Architecture ■ Domain Model (Aggregates, etc.) 
 wrapped by an Application Service ■ Ports represent generic 
 entry/exit points (interface) ■ Adapters represent specific 
 entry/exit implementations (class)
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 68 Adapter Port Port Port Port Port Port Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Order (root) Line Item Order ID Order Repository Order Placed Application Service Hexagonal Architecture ■ Domain Model (Aggregates, etc.) 
 wrapped by an Application Service ■ Ports represent generic 
 entry/exit points (interface) ■ Adapters represent specific 
 entry/exit implementations (class)
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Adapter Port Port Port Port Port Port Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter REST SOAP AMQP AdapterAdapterKafka JDBC 69 Application Service Order (root) Line Item Order ID Order Repository Order Placed Hexagonal Architecture ■ Domain Model (Aggregates, etc.) 
 wrapped by an Application Service ■ Ports represent generic 
 entry/exit points (interface) ■ Adapters represent specific 
 entry/exit implementations (class)
70 Software ModuleAggregate Entity EntityEntity Value Object Value Object Value Object ≤ !" ग्राहकग्राहक Aggregate Aggregate≤ Aggregate ≤ SizeOf(Module) ≤ Bounded Context The Golden Rule
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Deployment Topology Spectrum 71 Big Ball of Mud Monolith Modular Monolith Microservices
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 72 ■ Individually Deployable ■ Individually Upgradeable ■ Individually Replaceable ■ Individually Scalable ■ Heterogeneous Tech Stacks Modular Monolith Microservices ■ High Cohesion ■ Low Coupling ■ Business Capability Focus ■ Bounded Contexts / Aggregates ■ Data Encapsulation ■ Substitutable ■ Composable
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 73 Can we deliver systems that are able to survive and thrive amidst turbulent conditions in production? Wild Success / System Failure
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 74 Leverage Patterns Resilience
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Timeouts 75
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Retries 76
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Bulkheads 77
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Circuit Breakers 78
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 79
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 80 Embrace Chaos Antifragility
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Socio-technical Systems 81 ! " #! " # ! " # ! " #
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 82 https://principlesofchaos.org/
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 83
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Principles of Chaos Engineering 84 ■ Build a Hypothesis around Steady State Behavior ■ Vary Real-world Events ■ Run Experiments in Production ■ Automate Experiments to Run Continuously ■ Minimize Blast Radius
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Steady State Behavior 85 A business-facing metric with predictable pattern that fluctuates significantly when system problems are happening.
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Vary Real World Events 86 ■ Server Crashes ■ Storage Failures ■ Error Responses ■ Increased Latency between Nodes ■ AZ or Region Failures ■ Thundering Herds
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Run Experiments in Production 87 ■ Difficult to exactly duplicate the production environment ■ Impossible to exactly duplicate production traffic patterns
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 88 RUNNING EXPERIMENTS MANUALLY IS UNSUSTAINABLE Automate Experiments to Run Continuously
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 89 CUSTOMER PAIN WILL HAPPEN. TAKE STEPS TO ENSURE FALLOUT IS MINIMIZED AND CONTAINED. Minimize the Blast Radius
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 90
Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 91 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? How do we create those qualities? How do we measure those qualities? What software qualities do we want?
> Stay Connected. Matt Stine Global Field CTO / Chief Architect @mstine http://www.mattstine.com #springone@s1p See also these sessions: Nate Schutta - Thinking Architecturally Matt Parker - Agile Architecture

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Architectures That Bend but Don't Break

  • 1.
    Architectures that Bendbut Don’t Break Matt Stine Global Field CTO / Chief Architect @mstine http://www.mattstine.com
  • 2.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Who is this guy? Matt Stine - Global Field CTO / Chief Architect
 at Pivotal 18 year Enterprise IT veteran developer / architect 6 years focused on Cloud Native Platforms and Architecture Frequent conference circuit speaker Host of Software Architecture Radio
 http://softwarearchitecturerad.io I wrote a little cloud book…
 https://www.oreilly.com/programming/free/ migrating-cloud-native-application- architectures.csp 2
  • 3.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 3 What even is architecture?
  • 4.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 3 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean?
  • 5.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 3 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors?
  • 6.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 3 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? What software qualities do we want?
  • 7.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 3 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? How do we measure those qualities? What software qualities do we want?
  • 8.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 3 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? How do we create those qualities? How do we measure those qualities? What software qualities do we want?
  • 9.
    4Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ What even is architecture?
  • 10.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 5 Architecture: decisions that are hard to reverse. Matt Parker Software Architecture: the high level shape and flow of the software that’s independent of the problem domain, but dependent on the desired user experience.
  • 11.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 6 Architecture represents the significant design decisions that shape a system, where significance is measured by cost of change. Simon Brown
  • 12.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 7 Meaningful architecture is a living, vibrant process of deliberation, design, & decision, not just documentation. Grady Booch
  • 13.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 8 The important stuff (whatever that is). Ralph Johnson
  • 14.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 9 Architecture is the process by which we make and capture software engineering decisions that have system-wide impact and are often expensive to reverse. Matt’s Definition
  • 15.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 10 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean?
  • 16.
    11Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ What does “bend but not break” mean?
  • 17.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 12 The oak fought the wind and was broken, the willow bent when it must and survived. ― Robert Jordan, The Fires of Heaven
  • 18.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 13 Bend but Don’t Break Defense (2017) SOURCE: https://www.patspulpit.com/2018/1/6/16855296/new-england-patriots-defense-took-bend-but-dont-break-to-a-new-level-in-2017 ■ Yards per Drive:
 32nd (i.e. WORST) ■ Points per Drive:
 6th
  • 19.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Break vs. Bend Break ■ Fragile
 Stress → Destruction ■ Robust
 Stress → Resistance 14 Bend ■ Resilient
 Stress → Adaptation ■ Antifragile
 Stress → Innovation
  • 20.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 15 CREDIT: Bilgin Ibryam - https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2016/07/20/from-fragile-to-antifragile-software/
  • 21.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 16 Resilience is the ability of a system to adapt or keep working when challenges occur. Resilience CREDIT: Ines Sombra - https://speakerdeck.com/randommood/full-stack-fest-architectural-patterns-of-resilient-distributed-systems
  • 22.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Defining Resilience ■ Fault-tolerance ■ Evolvability ■ Scalability ■ Failure isolation ■ Complexity Management 17 CREDIT: Ines Sombra - https://speakerdeck.com/randommood/full-stack-fest-architectural-patterns-of-resilient-distributed-systems
  • 23.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 18
  • 24.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Immune Systems 19
  • 25.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Muscular Systems 20
  • 26.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Ant Swarms 21
  • 27.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 22
  • 28.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Software That Improves Itself? 23
  • 29.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Socio-technical Systems 24
  • 30.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Socio-technical Systems 24 ! " #! " # ! " # ! " #
  • 31.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 25 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors?
  • 32.
    26Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ What are software stressors?
  • 33.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Russ Miles’ Stressors ■ Innovation ■ System Wildly Successful! ■ System Hardly Used ■ System Failures ■ Emergent Need to Reuse 27
  • 34.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 28 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? What software qualities do we want?
  • 35.
    29Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ What software qualities do we want?
  • 36.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 30 Can we continuously deliver incremental value to the business through software? Innovation
  • 37.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 31 Can we deliver systems that are able to survive and thrive amidst turbulent conditions in production? Wild Success / System Failure
  • 38.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 32 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? How do we measure those qualities? What software qualities do we want?
  • 39.
    33Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ How do we measure those qualities?
  • 40.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 34 LEAD TIME: how long does it take you to go from idea to delivered software? Innovation
  • 41.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 35 CYCLE TIME: how long does it take you to make a change and deliver it to production? Innovation
  • 42.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 36 INVERSE LEAD TIME: how long does it take for feedback to enter your development queue? Innovation
  • 43.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 37 TRASH RATIO: how many of your experiments do you end up discarding? Innovation
  • 44.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 38 ■ Service Level Objectives (SLOs) ■ Steady State Metrics Resilience
  • 45.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 39
  • 46.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ SRE Measures ■ Service Level Indicator: 
 Quantitative measure of an aspect of level of service provided (e.g. request latency) ■ Service Level Objective: 
 Target value/range of values for a service level measured by an SLI 40
  • 47.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Focus on Distributions 41 Not on Averages! https://landing.google.com/sre/book/chapters/service-level-objectives.html
  • 48.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Four Golden Signals ■ Latency: 
 Time it takes to service a request. ■ Traffic: 
 How much demand is placed on the system. ■ Errors: 
 Rate of requests that fail. ■ Saturation: 
 How "full" your service is. 42
  • 49.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Steady State 43 Some externally visible business metric with a low degree of variation.
  • 50.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Netflix: SPS 44 Successful Streaming Starts per Second
  • 51.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Starts Per Second 45 A single indicator that closely approximates our most important activity: viewing. A single indicator that closely approximates our most important activity: viewing.
  • 52.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 46 WHAT IS YOUR MOST IMPORTANT ACTIVITY?
  • 53.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 47 WHAT SINGLE INDICATOR COULD YOU USE TO APPROXIMATE IT?
  • 54.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ The Ultimate Metric 48 TTRTime to Recovery
  • 55.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 49 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? How do we create those qualities? How do we measure those qualities? What software qualities do we want?
  • 56.
    50Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ How do we create those qualities?
  • 57.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 51 Can we continuously deliver incremental value to the business through software? Innovation
  • 58.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 52
  • 59.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 53 This paper discusses modularization as a mechanism for improving the flexibility and comprehensibility of a system while allowing the shortening of its development time. The effectiveness of a "modularization” is dependent upon the criteria used in dividing the system into modules.
  • 60.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 54 The major progress in the area of modular programming has been the development of coding techniques and assemblers which (1) allow one module to be written with little knowledge of the code used in another module and, (2) allow modules to be reassembled and replaced without reassembly of the whole system.
  • 61.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 55 Let’s build an online store! Decomposition Techniques
  • 62.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 56 Product Catalog Orders Inventory Payment Fulfillment ShippingNotifications
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.
  • 67.
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    57 MVC Controllers /Views Services Domain Model Data Services UI
  • 69.
    57 MVC Controllers /Views Services Domain Model Data Services UI
  • 70.
    57 MVC Controllers /Views Services Domain Model Data Services UI
  • 71.
    57 MVC Controllers /Views Services Domain Model Data Services UI
  • 72.
    Functional Decomposition Independent
 Development Dependent onshared data formats and schema. Must be jointly defined and agreed upon across multiple groups. Comprehensibility You need to know something about how all of the modules work to understand the whole system. Changes Struggles with knowledge spread across all modules, so often each module has to change in response to a desired functional change. 58Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
  • 73.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 59 Let’s Refactor to a 
 Capability Decomposition Decomposition Techniques
  • 74.
  • 75.
  • 76.
  • 77.
  • 78.
  • 79.
  • 80.
  • 81.
    Capability Decomposition Independent
 Development Has abstractinterfaces that encapsulate the work to be done. Comprehensibility You can understand modules independently. Changes Usually isolates a change to a single module. 61Unless otherwise indicated, these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
  • 83.
  • 84.
  • 85.
    Strategic Design -the View from 35,000 FEET
  • 86.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 64 ! ! ! " " " πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης ! ! ! " " " ! ! ! " " " ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक Bounded Contexts
  • 87.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 64 ! ! ! " " " πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης πελάτης ! ! ! " " " ! ! ! " " " ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक ग्राहक Bounded Contexts
  • 88.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ ■ Business Invariants ■ Policies ■ Transactions ■ State ■ Persistence 65 Now it’s time to start speaking the Ubiquitous Language within each Bounded Context. Tactical Design? ■ Business Invariants ■ Policies ■ Transactions ■ State ■ Persistence
  • 89.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ The Central Concept 66 Aggregate
  • 90.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ The Central Concept 66 Aggregate A cluster of objects treated as a single unit. Often modeled as a state machine. The atomic unit for any transactional behavior. Only accessed through its Root Entity. Responsible for maintaining any/all business invariants. Entity EntityEntity Value Object Value Object Value Object
  • 91.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 67 Application Service Hexagonal Architecture
  • 92.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 67 Application Service Domain Model Hexagonal Architecture ■ Domain Model (Aggregates, etc.) 
 wrapped by an Application Service
  • 93.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 67 Application Service Domain Model Port Port Port Port Port Port Hexagonal Architecture ■ Domain Model (Aggregates, etc.) 
 wrapped by an Application Service ■ Ports represent generic 
 entry/exit points (interface)
  • 94.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 67 Application Service Domain Model Adapter Port Port Port Port Port Port Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Hexagonal Architecture ■ Domain Model (Aggregates, etc.) 
 wrapped by an Application Service ■ Ports represent generic 
 entry/exit points (interface) ■ Adapters represent specific 
 entry/exit implementations (class)
  • 95.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 68 Adapter Port Port Port Port Port Port Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Order (root) Line Item Order ID Order Repository Order Placed Application Service Hexagonal Architecture ■ Domain Model (Aggregates, etc.) 
 wrapped by an Application Service ■ Ports represent generic 
 entry/exit points (interface) ■ Adapters represent specific 
 entry/exit implementations (class)
  • 96.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Adapter Port Port Port Port Port Port Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter REST SOAP AMQP AdapterAdapterKafka JDBC 69 Application Service Order (root) Line Item Order ID Order Repository Order Placed Hexagonal Architecture ■ Domain Model (Aggregates, etc.) 
 wrapped by an Application Service ■ Ports represent generic 
 entry/exit points (interface) ■ Adapters represent specific 
 entry/exit implementations (class)
  • 97.
  • 98.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Deployment Topology Spectrum 71 Big Ball of Mud Monolith Modular Monolith Microservices
  • 99.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 72 ■ Individually Deployable ■ Individually Upgradeable ■ Individually Replaceable ■ Individually Scalable ■ Heterogeneous Tech Stacks Modular Monolith Microservices ■ High Cohesion ■ Low Coupling ■ Business Capability Focus ■ Bounded Contexts / Aggregates ■ Data Encapsulation ■ Substitutable ■ Composable
  • 100.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 73 Can we deliver systems that are able to survive and thrive amidst turbulent conditions in production? Wild Success / System Failure
  • 101.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 74 Leverage Patterns Resilience
  • 102.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Timeouts 75
  • 103.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Retries 76
  • 104.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Bulkheads 77
  • 105.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Circuit Breakers 78
  • 106.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 79
  • 107.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 80 Embrace Chaos Antifragility
  • 108.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Socio-technical Systems 81 ! " #! " # ! " # ! " #
  • 109.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 82 https://principlesofchaos.org/
  • 110.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 83
  • 111.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Principles of Chaos Engineering 84 ■ Build a Hypothesis around Steady State Behavior ■ Vary Real-world Events ■ Run Experiments in Production ■ Automate Experiments to Run Continuously ■ Minimize Blast Radius
  • 112.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Steady State Behavior 85 A business-facing metric with predictable pattern that fluctuates significantly when system problems are happening.
  • 113.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Vary Real World Events 86 ■ Server Crashes ■ Storage Failures ■ Error Responses ■ Increased Latency between Nodes ■ AZ or Region Failures ■ Thundering Herds
  • 114.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ Run Experiments in Production 87 ■ Difficult to exactly duplicate the production environment ■ Impossible to exactly duplicate production traffic patterns
  • 115.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 88 RUNNING EXPERIMENTS MANUALLY IS UNSUSTAINABLE Automate Experiments to Run Continuously
  • 116.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 89 CUSTOMER PAIN WILL HAPPEN. TAKE STEPS TO ENSURE FALLOUT IS MINIMIZED AND CONTAINED. Minimize the Blast Radius
  • 117.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 90
  • 118.
    Unless otherwise indicated,these slides are © 2013-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc. and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ 91 What even is architecture? What does “bend but not break” mean? What are software stressors? How do we create those qualities? How do we measure those qualities? What software qualities do we want?
  • 119.
    > Stay Connected. MattStine Global Field CTO / Chief Architect @mstine http://www.mattstine.com #springone@s1p See also these sessions: Nate Schutta - Thinking Architecturally Matt Parker - Agile Architecture