The Arabian rowing team lost to Japan by 1 mile in their annual race. To improve, they analyzed the Japanese team and found they had 7 rowers and 1 captain, while the Arabian team had 7 captains and 1 rower. The Arabian team then hired consultants who recommended restructuring to have 4 captains, 2 managers, and 1 rower, as well as improving the rower's environment. However, after losing by 2 miles the next year, they fired the rower but paid bonuses to management for their motivation, while the consultants found the strategy was good but the tool (the rower) needed improvement.