The document outlines the APO's initiatives and activities related to public sector productivity. It discusses: 1) The importance of public sector productivity in APO member countries and APO's initial efforts including a 2009 study meeting and survey. 2) The development of an APO public sector productivity program framework from 2010-2012 which identified key thematic areas and methods. 3) Recent and ongoing APO projects focused on topics like performance management, innovation, and knowledge management in the public sector. 4) Plans for an APO Center of Excellence on Public Sector Productivity including pillars for knowledge sharing, capability development, research, and innovation. 5) Next steps like needs assessments and developing specialists to advance public

1. 1
APO Workshop on Performance Management
Manila, Philippines
26-30 September 2016
26-30 September 2016

2. Magdalena L. Mendoza
Development Academy of the Philippines
2
APO Workshop on Performance Management
Manila, Philippines
26-30 September 2016

3. Outline of Presentation
• Importance of productivity in the public sector
in APO Member Countries
• What is public sector productivity about
• APO initiatives
• The APO Public Sector Productivity Program
• What the COE is about
• PSP Needs of APO Member Countries
• Possible COE response
3

4. Importance of Productivity in the Public
Sector in Asia
Growing recognition of the important role of
public sector in productivity movement
Many NPOs involved in enhancing productivity
of the public sector in their respective
countries
Increasing demand from NPOs for public
sector productivity programs

5. Public sector is the key provider of public
services and infrastructure supporting the
economy of APO Member Countries
5

6. Public sector in APO Member Countries is the
main consumer of tax and non-tax resources
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Total Government Revenue and Expenditure (% of GDP)
EXPENDITURE (% of GDP) REVENUE (% of GDP)
Source: ADB Key Indicators in Asia and Pacific, 2015
6

7. Public sector is one of the major employers, if not
the biggest employer, in APO Member Countries
Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2007
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Public Sector Employment
(% of Total Employment)
7

8. What is Public Sector Productivity about?
Doing more with less
• More outputs with same or fewer resources
• Efficient use of taxpayers’ money in providing public services
Producing quality outputs
• A productive organization is one that turns out a high level of good
quality outputs (policy or service) with its resources
Restoring public trust
• The productivity field provides the means of improvement and
restoration of confidence in the government by giving the public its
“money’s worth”
Good governance
• Productivity is a means of enhancing effectiveness of the public sector
in creating a conducive environment to increase productivity in private
sector production and in generating greater impact on the well-being
of citizens
8

9. Study Meeting on Public Sector Productivity
July 28 - 31, 2009 in Seoul, Korea
 To examine and share experience in the various innovative
approaches and best practices adopted by public sector
organizations for effective service delivery; and
 To identify the strategic thrust areas for public sector productivity
development focusing on good governance, leadership and
innovation
1st APO initiative in engaging public sector at the policy level

10. APO Survey on the Status of Public Sector
Initiatives in Participating Countries, 2009
 Mandates of NPOs on public sector initiatives
 Is there a national agenda relating to improving the
productivity of the public sector in your country?
 Is there an organization in your country which is
mandated to oversee and implement this national
agenda?
 Specific national level priorities
 Key challenges faced in managing the priorities
 Levels of confidence to undertake public sector
productivity programs
Source: APO STM on Public Sector Productivity (2009)

11. What are the priorities?
Results based performance and management systems
Knowledge management
Public sector image building
Efficient budget systems
Source: APO STM on Public Sector Productivity (2009)

12. Initial Recommendations
 Develop the APO framework
 Undertake an exercise to determine a methodology to
measure public sector productivity
 Advocate research to understand the contribution of
productivity in the national economy
 Undertake an inventory of what already exists within
the member countries e.g. programs, systems, service
standards, resources available
 Identify where members have strengths and core
competencies needed by member countries
 Host periodic forum to discuss issues, trends, practices
Source: APO STM on Public Sector Productivity (2009)

13. 50th APO Workshop Meeting of NPOs
October 20-22, 2009
Philippine Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita stressed the
importance of public sector productivity and urged APO to
come up with Public Sector Productivity program

14. Experts Meeting
February 15 – 17, 2010 in Tokyo, Japan
 To come up with a Public Sector Productivity Framework that will
help both the APO and NPOs to systematically focus on the
important sector and to facilitate the design of course of actions with
regard to public sector productivity enhancement

15. Study Mission on Innovation and Productivity in the
Canadian Public Sector
August 23 – 27, 2010 in Ontario, Canada
 To benchmark against the Canadian public-sector innovation
excellence framework and practices in relation to public-sector
productivity including federal and local government policies

16. APO Study Meeting on Innovation in Public Sector
Service Delivery
November 1-5, 2010 in Bekasi, Indonesia
 To analyze how productivity improvement approaches could be
promoted to increase the quality and effectiveness of services
provided by public-sector organizations and come up with
recommendations for customizing those approaches to enable wider
adoption by APO member countries

17. Workshop on Public Sector Productivity
2-6 July 2012 in Jakarta, Indonesia
 To discuss public sector productivity and innovation including
relevant national and local government policies
 To examine and confirm the direction of APO initiatives for public
sector productivity and its framework.

18. 53rd Workshop Meeting of Heads of NPOs
23-25 October 2012 in Bali, Indonesia
 Adopted the APO Public Sector Productivity Program
Framework as guide for APO and NPO undertakings

19. ThematicAreas
• Service
Quality
• Innovation
Leadership
• E-
Government
• Regulatory
Reform
• Citizen-
centered
Service
Targets
• Central
government
• Local
government
• Public
service
agencies
• Public
enterprises
Methods
• Center of
Excellence
• Observational
study mission
• Development
of NPOs
• Adoption of
P & Q tools
• Best practice
manual
• Study
meeting
• Workshop
• Training
• Seminar
• Research
Results
• Quality of life
• Public trust
• Citizen
satisfaction
• Competitiven
ess
• Cost-
effectiveness
INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (Organizational structure & culture, personnel, resources)
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (Economic, Social, Cultural, Political, Demographic)
APO Public Sector Productivity Program Framework
19

20. Coordination Meeting on Research on
KM Models for the Public Sector,
Malaysia, 2015
Other projects that APO has done so far . . .
Study Meeting on Lean
Management System in the
Public Sector, Thailand, 2011
Sri Lanka Demonstration Project
in the Public Sector, 2011
Workshop on Public Sector
Productivity, Indonesia, 2012
Coordination Meeting Research on
Performance Measurement in the
Public Sector, Philippines, 2013
Research Mission on Recent
Trends and Public Sector
Performance in Europe, 2015
Workshop on Performance
Management and Productivity,
India, 2014
Training Course on Knowledge
Management and Innovation
for Public Sector, 2013
20
Workshop on Results-based Management for Public-sector
October 2014-Philippines
Research on Knowledge
Management for Public Sector
Productivity, 2011

21. Other projects that APO has done so far . . .
Workshop on Results-based
Management for Public-sector
Organizations
09 – 12 June 2015 (Vietnam)
Workshop on Performance Management
for the Public Sector
22-26 June 2015 (Colombo, Sri Lanka)
21
Multi-country Mission for Higher
Level Officials on Public Sector
Productivity, Indonesia, 2015
Workshop on Productivity
Measurement in the Public
Sector, Philippines, 2015
Workshop on Change Management in the
Public Sector
10–13 August 2015 (Sri Lanka)
Research Mission on Recent Trends in
Public-sector Productivity and
Performance in Europe
27 September to 2 October 2015
Workshop on Need Assessment of
Member Countries in Improving Public-
sector Productivity and Performance
8–10 December 2015 (Philippines)
E-learning Course on Business
Excellence for the Public Sector
Session 1: October 5-8, 2015
Session 2: December 1-4, 2015

22. APO Research on Performance/Productivity
Measurement
Actual cases from MCs:
• Bangladesh
• Indonesia
• Islamic Republic of Iran
• Pakistan
• Philippines
• Sri Lanka
• Thailand
With cases of Finland,
Australia, New Zealand and
United Kingdom
22

23. APO Center of Excellence
A formally designated institution or network of
institutions in a member country which has a world-
class level of competency, with exemplary performance
and experience, in a specific body of knowledge or area
that contributes to productivity
23

24. Round-table Discussion on COE-PSP with Philippine
Public Sector Organizations and Partners
Discussion with the Department of
Budget and Management
Discussion with the Civil
Service Commission
First APO Coordination Meeting on the Center of
Excellence on Public Sector Productivity in the
Philippines, July 24-25, 2015
Discussion with the
Office of the President
Discussion with the Development
Academy of the Philippines
24

25. The APO Center of Excellence on
Public Sector Productivity

26. Objectives of the COE
Advance public sector productivity movement
Address common and critical issues on public
sector productivity performance
Foster cutting-edge research, facilitate training
and knowledge-sharing, and support outreach to
raise productivity levels
Serve as the hub of a ‘web of collaborators’ on
innovation and productivity in the public sector
……….. among APO member countries ………..
26

27. Four Pillars of the COE
PSP
Knowledge
Bank
PSP
Capability
Development
PSP Research
PSP
Innovation
Laboratory
27

28. PSP Knowledge Bank
• An online library of pertinent data,
information, materials and references on
public sector productivity including a database
on experts and knowledge resources
• It will accumulate, codify and publicly
disseminate PSP knowledge products derived
from APO projects, experiences of NPOs and
relevant studies on public sector productivity.

29. PSP Capability Development
• Will offer a range of face-to-face or online
training and other learning solutions to develop
new capabilities and hone competencies on
productivity methods, tools and techniques as
applied in the public sector.
• Will establish a critical mass of P & Q
professionals that can render expert assistance
and strategic advice on productivity improvement
to public sector organizations of NPO member
countries through the Development of
Productivity Specialists

30. PSP Innovation Laboratory
• Will provide a venue to stimulate strategic
thinking and innovation, understand,
experiment and obtain first-hand experience
in applying new solutions to address critical
public sector productivity issues, under the
guidance of technical experts to be deputed
by APO.

31. PSP Research
• Focused studies on contemporary and
emerging trends, assessment of productivity
performance, best practices, adaptation of P &
Q tools, effectiveness of P & Q technologies,
etc.
• Research agenda could include examination of
counter-productivity policies and other
studies to be determined based on needs of
APO member countries.

32. What APO Member Countries can expect from
the PSP COE in the short- to medium-term
Electronic access to knowledge repository on
public sector productivity
Bench learning, face-to-face training, and online
capability development programs
Access to international experts and laboratory
for innovation and demonstration projects
Action research on common productivity issues
to guide policy-making and program
development
32

33. APO-COE Workshop on Needs Assessment of Member Countries
in Improving Public Sector Productivity and Performance
December 8-10, 2015 in Tagaytay City, Philippines
33
 Undertake a need assessment in member countries in the area of public-sector
productivity and performance so that appropriate interventions can be made and
resources provided to develop and implement suitable programs and projects by
both the APO and the COE on Public-sector Productivity

34. What are the Needs of the Public Sector in APO MCs
Effective participation in policy formulation - Restructuring of SOEs - Effective decision-making - Union pressure on
management - Waste control practices - Corrupt/highly politicized bureaucracy - Poor accountability of
public servants - Large government - Absence of good governance - Authoritative policy - Lack of proper
leadership - Lack of efficient management, skilled and disciplined workers - No actual quality
process - Lack of technology advancement - Lack of significant linkages of offices improving productivity in executive
bodies and NPO - Lack of academic journal on productivity, capability building and skill
enhancing - Lack of reliable reports - Lack of productivity measures - Need for resource management -
Need to enhance quality infrastructure in ICT - Need to introduce productivity with regard to
environmental problems and energy efficiency - Unclear concept of productivity – Difficulty
to measure productivity – How to use the productivity measurements in the budget process-
Difficulty in deciding on ideal/appropriate public sector size - Lack of public trust in the absence of 3rd party auditors - Lack
of understanding public service value chain - Asymmetrical information - How government to foster better
relation with private sector - Difficulty in using productivity in performance management - Lack of
incentive scheme - Corruption and unproductive performance- Obstacles/impediments in bureaucracy -
Compilation of research to identify ranking, criteria and qualification of good public sector - Core values of public sector
organizations - Often change of leadership especially on policies - Physical environment to support high
performance work in the public sector - Disaster management and emergency plan in public sector
organization - Platform for citizen participation in pubic sector programs – Measurement of customer
satisfaction and stakeholders’ satisfaction in the public sector - Inclusion of importance of PSP in the
forefront of government’s agenda – Need to change the mindset of public servants - Difficulty in
formulating output/outcome performance indicators and targets - Improvement of the government’s tools
in measuring public sector performance - Involvement of government in advocating/promoting PSP -
Strengthening the NPO - Sustainability of reform initiatives - Creation of culture of productivity and
performance excellence - Cascading of performance to other branches/levels of government
34

35. • Development of P & Q
Manual
• Study on TFP in
government
• Rapid Assessment of
Performance
Management Systems
• Demo Project on Public
Service Value Chain and P
& Q Approaches,
• Innovation Module for
the Public Sector
• Development of
Productivity Specialists
for the Public Sector
• Training on Productivity
Measurement
• Communities of Practice
on PSP
• Database of Public Sector
Programs and
Productivity Initiatives
• Database on New and
Advanced Tools
• Database of Experts
• PSP Knowledge Products
PSP
Knowledge
Bank
PSP
Capability
Development
Program
PSP Research
Program
PSP
Innovation
Laboratory
Possible COE Responses Co-hosting
with other
MCs
Co-creation
with Experts
and other MCs
Regional co-
creation
Co-creation
with Experts
and PSOs

36. APO Expert Meeting for Development of a Course Manual on
Developing Productivity Specialists in the Public-sector
(2-4 August 2016, Manila, Philippines)
 Review the key competencies of productivitypractitioners for the public sector;
 Develop a course syllabus and identify required topics for a training program to develop
productivity specialists for public-sectororganizations in APO member countries; and
 Develop a course manual and learning material required for the implementation of the program.
36

37. Course Manual on Productivity & Quality for the
Public Sector (proposed contents for 1st Edition)
Part I
1. Role of the Public Sector and
Global Trends in Improving
Public Sector Performance
2. Performance Management
3. Measuring Public Sector
Productivity
4. Approaches for Improving
Organizational Productivity
5. Developing a Productivity
Improvement Plan
6. Collaboration for
Performance Improvement
Part II
7. Citizen-Centered Service
8. E-Government
9. Regulatory Reform
10. Leadership for
Performance Improvement
11. Change Management
37

38. PSP Capability Development*
38
PSP
Specialists
PSP
Experts
PSP
Champions
* Tentative proposal

39. COE Web of Collaborators
COE
OECD Public
Governance
and
Territorial
Development
United Nations
Public
Administration
Network
NPO
NPO
NPO
NPO
PSO
NPO
PSO
COE
Non
MCs
Non
MCs
European Union
Public
Administration
Network thru
EIPA
Service
Providers
Other
Productivity
& Quality
Organizations
Academic
Institutions
Experts
NPO
PSO
39

40. Future of Governing Productivity in the
Public Sector
• Public sector productivity is no longer the
problem
• “Public sector is part of the solution”
• Public sector focuses on overall productivity of
the population and the economy
40

41. For more information, contact the COE at the
Development Academy of the Philippines
www.dap.edu.ph
41