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Apache Sever Technology By Greg Williams
- 1. ITS - 4109 Sever Technology Week 2
- 2. ITS – 4109 Sever Technology This PowerPoint lecture aims to provide you with a comprehensive overview of key topics in Sever Technology. As you follow along, take notes and engage actively. Remember, understanding these fundamentals will empower you in both your academic and personal endeavors. Feel free to ask questions at any point – let's dive in and explore the database landscape together!
- 3. Agenda This week will discuss and cover the following course topics: What is Apache Downloading Apache Software Apache 2.4
- 4. What Is Apache? • Apache: A powerful web server software • Widely used across the globe • Essential for hosting websites and web applications
- 5. How Web Servers Work How Web Servers Work • Backbone of the internet • Supports various operating systems (Unix, Linux, Windows) • Versatile and highly customizable
- 6. How Web Servers Work continued. • When a browser requests a page, it receives an HTML file in response. • The browser parses the HTML file for tags, including image tags, which require additional requests to the server. • Multiple requests for components of a page can be made over the same connection to lessen the workload on the server. • However, multiple requests over the same connection can make the webpage appear to load more slowly. • To have a great website today, it must dynamically customize itself, often involving CGI scripts or Java servlets referencing a database. • Dynamic pages require the server to execute programs on each request, increasing the server's workload. • When facing high traffic, multiple machines may be needed to handle the load, necessitating strategies like distributing content across different machines. • Load balancing techniques involve having one machine manage requests and distribute them to the least loaded servers. • This complex setup illustrates the need for a deeper understanding of Apache's capabilities.
- 7. Evolution of Apache Started as a small project Rapid growth due to community contributions Continuous development and enhancements
- 8. Features of Apache Robust performance Extensive documentation and support Modular architecture Security features
- 9. Apache's Market Share Dominant market share among web servers Preferred choice for hosting websites and applications Trusted by businesses and organizations worldwide
- 10. Apache 2.0 Apache 1.3 vs. Apache 2.0 • Apache 1.3: Legacy version, introduced in 1998 • Apache 2.0: Major release with significant improvements • Enhanced performance, scalability, and features
- 11. Apache 2.0 Features Multi-threading support Improved memory management Enhanced security mechanisms Modular architecture for better customization
- 12. Apache 2.0 Features Comparison with Other Web Servers • IIS (Internet Information Services): Developed by Microsoft • Sun ONE (Sun Open Network Environment): Developed by Sun Microsystems • Apache's dominance over competitors due to its open-source nature and community support
- 13. Advantages of Apache over Competitors Cross-platform compatibility Extensive module support Strong security features Continuous updates and enhancements
- 14. Recap and Questions • Apache holds dominant market share among web servers, preferred by businesses worldwide for hosting websites and applications. • Apache 2.0 represents a significant improvement over Apache 1.3, with enhanced performance, scalability, and features. • Key features of Apache 2.0 include multi-threading support, improved memory management, enhanced security mechanisms, and a modular architecture for customization. • In comparison with competitors like IIS and Sun ONE, Apache's open-source nature, extensive module support, strong security features, and continuous updates give it a competitive advantage. • Overall, Apache's cross-platform compatibility, robust features, and active community support make it the preferred choice for web server solutions globally. Next Steps: • Read Chapters 3 and 4 from the assigned textbook. • Engage in online lectures • Finish for weekly quizzes and assignments.
Editor's Notes
- Apache is the most popular web server on the Internet today. First released in December 1995, Apache became the leading web server less than one year later. This book is going to lead you through an exploration of the second major release of this web server: Apache 2.0. Many changes have occurred between Apache 2.0 and the previous releases. While an experienced Apache user can pick up 2.0 and immediately start to use it, many new features and optimizations exist that people accustomed to Apache are likely to overlook. This book can ensure that nothing in Apache 2.0 is missed
- Before you can understand Apache, you have to understand web servers in general. So, let’s start by looking at what a web server does, and then walk through a general overview of how Apache itself works. We can go through the details throughout the rest of the book, but it’s best if we all start at the same location. Perhaps the best place to begin is to look at a standard web page, so you can watch how a web server works from a user’s perspective. Later in this book, you look at the internals of Apache but, for now, the goal is to understand what happens when you visit a web page. Figure 1-1 is a portion of Yahoo.com’s front page, which is the example page. At its most basic, a web browser is a piece of software that requests information, and a web server is simply a piece of software that responds to requests for information. Each time you surf to a web page, your browser sends a message to the server. The server then finds the information on the server’s hard disk and responds with the requested page, as shown in the following illustration.
- When your browser makes a request for a page, it gets that HTML file back in response. The browser then parses the entire file, looking for tags. If any image tags are found in the HTML file, the browser must make additional requests to the server to retrieve those images. In the example you see, this means a request for this one page will result in at least 14 requests to the server. To help lessen the workload on the web server, the browser is allowed to make multiple requests over the same connection. While this makes wonderful sense from a purely technical viewpoint, it means the web page will appear to load more slowly because each request must wait for the previous request to finish before it can start. Of course, anyone who has surfed the web realizes that when web pages are loaded, multiple images are retrieved at once. This happens because web browsers open multiple connections to the server to request the components of the page. When the World Wide Web was in its infancy, just having images on your site was considered a big feat, but those days are long gone. Now, to have a great web site, it must dynamically customize itself to the person requesting the information.
- - The original Apache Group started with the NCSA server as a base, continually enhancing it with bug fixes and enhancements. - Apache's success stemmed from its commitment to technical excellence rather than popularity, fostering a culture of innovation and freedom. - Version 0.6.2 marked the first official release of Apache in 1995, followed by significant architectural improvements in version 0.8.8, which introduced the modular structure and pool-based memory allocator. - Apache 1.0, released in December 1995, solidified its position as a leading web server, with subsequent versions (1.1 and 1.2) introducing performance improvements and support for newer protocols like HTTP/1.1. - Despite initially intending Apache 1.2 to be the final release of the 1.x branch, Apache 1.3 was eventually released in May 1998, with added support for Windows NT, albeit with suboptimal performance. - Concurrently, projects like mod_perl and mod_jserv emerged, extending Apache's capabilities, but also raising legal and financial challenges for the Apache Group. - To address these issues and facilitate further development, the Apache Group formed the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) in June 1999 as a nonprofit organization. - The ASF maintains a meritocratic approach, allowing anyone contributing to its projects to become a member, with an expanded scope beyond the Apache web server to include Perl, PHP, Java, Tcl, XML, and runtime libraries. - The ASF's popularity attracted interest from major companies like IBM and Sun, leading to collaborations and individual developer contributions rather than corporate control. - IBM's involvement in Apache development intensified with the full-time dedication of three developers to Apache 2.0, starting in December 1999, aimed at addressing performance issues on AIX.
- Apache boasts robust performance capabilities, ensuring seamless operation under varying workloads. Extensive documentation and support mechanisms facilitate ease of use and troubleshooting. Its modular architecture offers flexibility and scalability, catering to diverse server configurations. Built-in security features provide essential safeguards against threats and vulnerabilities.
- Dominant market share among web servers: Apache holds a significant majority of the market share in the realm of web servers. Preferred choice for hosting websites and applications: Businesses and organizations globally prefer Apache for hosting their websites and applications due to its reliability and versatility. Trusted by businesses and organizations worldwide: Apache's reputation for stability and security has earned the trust of businesses and organizations worldwide, making it their preferred web server solution.
- Apache 1.3: Introduced in 1998, Apache 1.3 is considered a legacy version, serving as the foundation for subsequent releases. Apache 2.0: A major release with significant improvements, Apache 2.0 represents a leap forward in terms of performance, scalability, and feature set. Enhanced performance, scalability, and features: Apache 2.0 introduces numerous enhancements to improve server performance, scalability, and overall functionality.
- Multi-threading support: Apache 2.0 introduces multi-threading support, allowing for better utilization of system resources and improved concurrency. Improved memory management: Enhanced memory management capabilities in Apache 2.0 contribute to better resource utilization and overall server efficiency. Enhanced security mechanisms: Apache 2.0 incorporates advanced security mechanisms to mitigate vulnerabilities and protect against potential threats. Modular architecture for better customization: Apache 2.0 features a modular architecture that enables easier customization and integration of additional functionalities.
- IIS (Internet Information Services): Developed by Microsoft, IIS competes with Apache in the web server market but lacks the open-source nature and extensive community support that characterize Apache. Sun ONE (Sun Open Network Environment): Developed by Sun Microsystems, Sun ONE competes with Apache but faces challenges due to Apache's dominance and widespread adoption. Apache's dominance over competitors due to its open-source nature and community support: Apache's open-source nature and active community contribute to its dominance over competitors, ensuring continuous development and widespread adoption
- Cross-platform compatibility: Apache's compatibility with various operating systems, including Unix, Linux, and Windows, gives it a competitive edge over its rivals. Extensive module support: Apache boasts a vast ecosystem of modules that extend its functionality, catering to diverse use cases and requirements. Strong security features: Apache prioritizes security and offers robust features to safeguard servers and data from potential threats. Continuous updates and enhancements: Apache's active development community ensures regular updates and enhancements, keeping the server software up-to-date with evolving technologies and security standards.
- **Slide 12: Q&A and Closing Remarks** - **Open floor for questions and discussions** - Talking Points: - Invite attendees to ask questions or share their experiences related to the day's topics, reinforcing a collaborative learning environment. - Encourage specific questions about SQL constraints, PHP integration, or any case studies presented, ensuring clarity and understanding. - Offer insights or additional resources for complex queries, highlighting the importance of community and continuous learning in the tech field. - **Summary of key takeaways** - Talking Points: - Reiterate the critical role of SQL in managing data within web applications and ensuring efficient, secure data retrieval and manipulation. - Emphasize the dynamic relationship between SQL and server-side scripting languages like PHP, showcasing their combined power in developing dynamic, data-driven web applications. - Highlight the importance of SQL constraints in enforcing data integrity and implementing business logic directly within the database, ensuring reliable and consistent data. - Recall the best practices for integrating SQL queries within PHP code, managing constraints, and the balance between data integrity and database performance. - **Preview of next week's module** - Talking Points: - Introduce the focus of the next week's module, which might delve deeper into advanced database features, such as triggers, views, or stored procedures, or perhaps explore another aspect of web development. - Provide a brief overview of what to expect, including any preparatory work or concepts that participants might want to familiarize themselves with ahead of time. - Tease any guest speakers, hands-on projects, or special topics that will be covered, building anticipation and encouraging continued engagement. _Note: Conclude with a note of thanks to the participants for their active participation and remind them of the available resources and where to find further support, such as forums, documentation, or upcoming workshops. This slide is crucial for reinforcing the learning objectives of the module and ensuring participants are prepared and excited for what's next._