The document presents findings from the 2012 AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index (OCI) which measures the total annual office cost per full-time employee across various European cities. The average OCI value for the EU was €8,350. Labor costs and office space/infrastructure were identified as the two major cost drivers. The document also notes potential cost reduction strategies around reducing service levels, standardizing services, and increasing outsourcing.

1. OCCUPIER COST INDEX
2012
EUROPEAN OFFICE COST
PER FULL TIME EQUIVALENT PER YEAR
NOVEMBER 23TH, 2012

2. Agenda
1 OCI 2012
2 First trends and impressions
3 Quick historical overview
4 Data input from benchmark studies
5 The new norm EN 15221
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 2

3. Definition
One single figure that
represents the median total
office cost per FTE per year.
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 3

4. European OCI 2012
8.350 €/FTE
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 4

5. €2.500
€5.000
€7.500
€10.000
€12.500
€15.000
€0
Hungary
OCI 2012
Lithuania
Romania
Poland
Latvia
Portugal
Turkey
Estonia
Czech Republic
Space & Infrastructure
Spain
Ireland
EU
Italy
Netherlands
Germany
Belgium
People & Organization
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012
United Kingdom
France
ICT
Denmark
Luxembourg
Sweden
5
Norway
Switzerland

6. A look inside the AOS Studley OCI
Country City Space & Infrastructure People & Organization ICT Total
EU € 4.732 € 1.380 € 2.238 € 8.350
Belgium Brussels € 4.123 € 2.080 € 2.966 € 9.170
Czech Republic Prague € 3.207 € 781 € 1.468 € 5.456
Denmark Copenhagen € 6.783 € 2.235 € 3.381 € 12.399
Estonia Talinn € 2.966 € 703 € 1.417 € 5.086
France Paris € 7.610 € 1.842 € 2.775 € 12.227
Germany Berlin € 4.703 € 1.726 € 2.528 € 8.958
Hungary Budapest € 1.952 € 603 € 1.189 € 3.744
Ireland Dublin € 3.974 € 1.623 € 2.627 € 8.224
Italy Rome € 4.736 € 1.515 € 2.410 € 8.661
Latvia Riga € 2.687 € 603 € 1.272 € 4.562
Lithuania Vilnius € 2.208 € 538 € 1.135 € 3.881
Luxembourg Luxembourg € 8.255 € 1.951 € 2.919 € 13.125
Netherlands Amsterdam € 4.521 € 1.793 € 2.629 € 8.943
Norway Oslo € 8.806 € 2.498 € 3.696 € 15.000
Poland Warsaw € 2.826 € 558 € 1.111 € 4.496
Portugal Lisbon € 2.085 € 869 € 1.679 € 4.632
Romania Bucharest € 2.788 € 451 € 1.007 € 4.246
Spain Madrid € 3.683 € 1.251 € 2.114 € 7.048
Sweden Stockholm € 8.666 € 2.232 € 3.190 € 14.088
Switzerland Geneva € 9.966 € 2.185 € 3.541 € 15.692
Turkey Istanbul € 3.761 € 314 € 898 € 4.973
United Kingdom London € 7.484 € 1.242 € 2.159 € 10.885
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 6

7. Agenda
1 OCI 2012
2 First trends and impressions
3 Quick historical overview
4 Data input from benchmark studies
5 The new norm EN 15221
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 7

8. Major impressions
Major cost drivers
1. Size of a workplace
2. Rent
3. ICT
4. Labor cost
Cost reduction via
1. Service level reduction
2. Service level harmonization
3. Synergies
More outsourcing (broader & deeper)
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 8

9. After rent prices, labor cost is the second major driver for the office cost
OCI vs. labour costs (EU=100) OCI Labourcosts EU
200
150
100
50
0
Czech Republic
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Belgium
Estonia
France
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Poland
Romania
Spain
Sweden
EU
Denmark
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Ireland
Switzerland
United Kingdom
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 9

10. Agenda
1 OCI 2012
2 First trends and impressions
3 Quick historical overview
4 Data input from benchmark studies
5 The new norm EN 15221
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 10

11. Building an asset…
2000 2002 2004 2006 2010
First benchmark Benchbase, central Launch Launch Benchbase on
Club Financials database in place NL cost index BE cost index AOS balance
sheet 800K
1.000.000 5.000.000 11.000.000 19.000.000
m2 GLA m2 GLA m2 GLA m2 GLA
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 11

12. European OCI 2012
25 million m² GLA
2.820 objects
1.021.000 workstations
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 12

13. Agenda
1 OCI 2012
2 First trends and impressions
3 Quick historical overview
4 Data input from benchmark studies
5 The new norm EN 15221
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 13

14. Benchmark studies supply loads of cost data
1. Check market conformity
2. Identify potential savings
3. Justify decisions
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 14

15. Compare costs with reference group
€ 500
€ 375
€ 250
€ 125
€0
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4
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16. We analyze cost and service level data
€ 500
COST NOMY NESS CLASS
LOW ECO- BUSI- FIRST
€ 375
€ 250
€ 125
€0
Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 16

17. 3 types of benchmarks to find cost savings
INTERNAL EXTERNAL PLATFORM
Compare Compare with Compare
own sites similar sites amongst peers
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 17

18. Agenda
1 OCI 2012
2 First trends and impressions
3 Quick historical overview
4 Data input from benchmark studies
5 The new norm EN 15221
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 18

19. 4 Major cost categories for RE and FM
STRATEGIC Facility Management
Space & People & Central Functions
TACTIC Infrastructure Organization
Space HSSE
Outdoors Hospitality Sustainability
ICT Quality
OPERATIONAL Cleaning
Logistics Risk
Workplace Bus. support Identity
Primary activities Org. Specific
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 19

20. Contacts
Willem van Ansem
Consulting & Technology
Email: w.vanansem@aos-studley.nl
Patrick Waûters
Facility Management Services
Email: p.wauters@aos-studley.be
AOS Studley Occupier Cost Index 2012 - © AOS Studley 2012 20