The document discusses various types of anxiety disorders including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. It covers the defining features, potential causes and risk factors, symptoms, and common treatment approaches for each disorder which typically involve psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy and medication. Anxiety is described as a normal emotion but anxiety disorders involve excessive fear or worry that interferes with daily functioning.

1. PRESENTEDBY
MISSSAMIKSHAJAIN

2. INTRODUCTION
An anxiety disorder is a type of
mental health condition. If people
have an anxiety disorder, They
experience physical signs of anxiety,
such as a pounding heart and
sweating. Anxiety is a normal reaction
to stress and can be beneficial in some
situations. It can alert us to dangers and
help us prepare and pay attention.
Anxiety disorders differ from normal
feelings of nervousness or anxiousness
and involve excessive fear or anxiety.

3. DEFINITION-
ACC TO AMERICAN
PSYCHOLOGIAL ASSOCIATION-
Anxiety is an emotion characterized
by feelings of tension, worried
thoughts and physical changes like
increased blood pressure.

4. LEVEL OF ANXIETY-
• MILD ANXIETY
• MODERATE
ANXIETY
• SEVERE ANXIETY
• PANIC LEVEL
ANXIETY

5. THEORIES
OF
ANXIETY

6. PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY
freud (1926) first discussed a
psychological basis for anxiety,
the psychodynamic theory has
explained anxiety as a conflict
between the id and ego.

7. LEARNING
THEORY
•anxiety is a learned response
to an unpleasant stimulus
•Avoiding the unpleasant
stimulus reduces anxiety.
•The person ultimately
learns to avoid unpleasant

8. BIOCHEMICAL THEORY
high anxiety levels correlate with
increases in heart rate, blood lactase
levels and oxygen use during moderate
exercises.

11. GENETIC
THEORY

12. CLASSIFICATION OF ANXIETY
DISORDERS
1. PANIC DISORDERS
2. GENERALISED ANXIETY DISORDERS
3. PHOBIC DISORDERS
4. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
DISORDERS
5. POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS

13. PANIC DISORDERS
THE DSM-5 DEFINES PANIC ATTACKS
AS ABRUPT SURGES OF INTENSE
FEAR OR DISCOMFORT THAT PEAK
WITHIN MINUTES. PEOPLE WITH THE
DISORDER LIVE IN FEAR OF HAVING
A PANIC ATTACK.

14. CAUSES
• IT'S NOT KNOWN WHAT CAUSES PANIC ATTACKS OR PANIC DISORDER,
BUT THESE FACTORS MAY PLAY A ROLE:
• GENETICS
• MAJOR STRESS
• TEMPERAMENT THAT IS MORE SENSITIVE TO STRESS OR PRONE TO
NEGATIVE EMOTIONS
• CERTAIN CHANGES IN THE WAY PARTS OF YOUR BRAIN FUNCTION

15. SYMPTOM
S
OF
PANIC
ATTACK

16. RACING
HEARTBEAT
OR
PALPITATIONS

17. DIZZINESS
(VERTIGO)

18. LIGHT-HEADEDNESS

19. NUMBNESS
OR
TINGLING
IN
YOUR
HANDS
OR
FEET

20. CHANGES IN MENTAL STATE, INCLUDING A
FEELING OF DEREALIZATION (FEELING OF
UNREALITY) OR DEPERSONALIZATION (BEING
DETACHED FROM ONESELF)

21. TREATMENT
PSYCHOTHERAPY-
A FORM OF
PSYCHOTHERAPY
CALLED COGNITIVE
BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
CAN HELP YOU LEARN,
THROUGH YOUR OWN
EXPERIENCE

22. MEDICATION
•Selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs).
•Benzodiazepines

23. LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES

24. Join a support group

25. Get sufficient sleep.

27. GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER-
Generalized anxiety disorder (or GAD)
is marked by excessive, exaggerated
anxiety and worry about everyday life
events for no obvious reason.

28. CAUSES

29. SYMPTOM
OF
GAD

30. • Difficulty concentrating, or
the feeling that your mind
"goes blank
• Overthinking plans and
solutions to all possible
worst-case outcomes

31. • Persistent worrying or anxiety about a
number of areas that are out of proportion
to the impact of the events
• Perceiving situations and
events as threatening, even
when they aren't

32. • Inability to relax, feeling restless, and
feeling keyed up or on edge
• Difficulty concentrating, or the
feeling that your mind "goes
blank"

34. TREATMENT
Psychotherapy- cognitive
behavioural therapy focuses on
teaching you specific skills to
directly manage your worries and
help you gradually return to the
activities you've avoided because of
anxiety.

35. M
E
D
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
S

36. PHOBIA DISODERS
A phobia is a type of
anxiety disorder that
causes an individual to
experience extreme,
irrational fear about a
situation, living creature,
place, or object.

37. SPECIFIC PHOBIA
THIS IS AN
INTENSE,
IRRATIONAL
FEAR OF A
SPECIFIC
TRIGGER.

38. CLASTPPHOBIA AERO PHOBIA

39. ARACHNOPHOBIA: FEAR OF SPIDERS
DRIVING PHOBIA: FEAR OF DRIVING A CAR

40. Emetophobia Erythrophobia

41. Hypochondria Zoophobia

42. Aquaphobia: Acrophobia

43. BLOOD, INJURY, AND INJECTION
(BII) PHOBIA

44. ESCALAPHOBIA
TUNNEL PHOBIA

45. SOCIAL PHOBIA,
OR SOCIAL
ANXIETY
This is a profound fear
of public humiliation
and being singled out
or judged by others in
a social situation

46. AGORAPHOBIA
THIS IS A FEAR OF
SITUATIONS FROM WHICH IT
WOULD BE DIFFICULT TO
ESCAPE IF A PERSON WERE
TO EXPERIENCE EXTREME
PANIC, SUCH BEING IN A
LIFT OR BEING OUTSIDE OF
THE HOME.

47. HOW THE BRAIN WORKS DURING A PHOBIA

48. SYMPTOMS • A SENSATION OF
UNCONTROLLABLE ANXIETY
WHEN EXPOSED TO THE
SOURCE OF FEAR
• A FEELING THAT THE
SOURCE OF THAT FEAR MUST
BE AVOIDED AT ALL COSTS
• NOT BEING ABLE TO
FUNCTION PROPERLY WHEN
EXPOSED TO THE TRIGGER

49. SWEATING
ABNORMAL BREATHING
ACCELERATED HEARTBEAT

50. TREATMENT
MEDICATIONS
Beta blockers
Antidepressants
Tranquilizers

51. BEHAVIOURAL
THERAPY
•DESENSITIZATIO
N, OR EXPOSURE
THERAPY
•COGNITIVE
BEHAVIOURAL
THERAPY (CBT)

52. OBSESSIVE
COMPULSIVE DISORDER
obsessive-compulsive disorder
(ocd) is a disorder in which people
have recurring, unwanted
thoughts, ideas or sensations
(obsessions) that make them feel
driven to do something
repetitively (compulsions).

53. CAUSES
•Biology
•Genetics
•learning

54. OCD TREATMENT
Psychotherapy
Cognitive behavioural
therapy
Relaxation- Simple things
like meditation, yoga

55. TMS (transcranial magnetic
stimulation).
The TMS unit is a non-
invasive device that is held
above the head to induce the
magnetic field. It targets a
specific part of the brain that
regulates OCD symptoms.

56. MEDICATION.
PSYCHIATRIC DRUGS CALLED SELECTIVE
SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS HELP
MANY PEOPLE CONTROL OBSESSIONS AND
COMPULSIONS.

57. Posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder
that may occur in people who have
experienced or witnessed a
traumatic event such as a natural
disaster, a serious accident, a
terrorist act, war/combat, or rape
or who have been threatened with
death, sexual violence or serious
injury.

58. CAUSES OF PTSD- PTSD CAN DEVELOP AFTER A TRAUMATIC
EVENT.

59. NATURAL DISASTERS

60. TERRORIST ATTACKS

61. RAPE OR OTHER TYPES OF ABUSE

62. PERSONAL ASSAULT

63. RECEIVING A LIFE-THREATENING DIAGNOSIS

64. RISK FACTORS

65. LACKING SOCIAL SUPPORT AFTER TRAUMATIC
EVENT

66. HAVING A
HISTORY OF
MENTAL
HEALTH
PROBLEMS

67. PAST EXPERIENCE
OF ABUSE, FOR
EXAMPLE, DURING
CHILDHOOD

68. BRAIN STRUCTURE -
BRAIN SCANS HAVE
SHOWN THAT THE
HIPPOCAMPUS
APPEARS DIFFERENT
IN PEOPLE WITH PTSD,
COMPARED WITH
OTHERS

69. GENDER
THIS MAY PLAY A ROLE.
STUDIES SUGGEST THAT,
WHILE MEN ARE MORE
LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE
VIOLENCE, WOMEN HAVE A
HIGHER CHANCE OF
HAVING PTSD

70. SYMPTOM
RECURRENT, UNWANTED DISTRESSING MEMORIES OF THE
TRAUMATIC EVENT

71. DIFFICULTY MAINTAINING CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS

72. UPSETTING DREAMS OR NIGHTMARES ABOUT THE
TRAUMATIC EVENT

73. FEELING DETACHED FROM FAMILY AND FRIENDS

74. LACK OF INTEREST
IN ACTIVITIES YOU
ONCE ENJOYED

75. DIFFICULTY EXPERIENCING POSITIVE EMOTIONS

76. SELF-
DESTRUCTIVE
BEHAVIOR,
SUCH AS
DRINKING
TOO MUCH
OR DRIVING
TOO FAST

77. T
R
E
A
T
M
E
N
T

78. Cognitive processing therapy
(CPT): Also known as
cognitive restructuring, the
individual learns how to
think about things in a new
way. Mental imagery of the
traumatic event may help
them work through the
trauma, to gain control of the
fear and distress.

79. Exposure therapy: Talking repeatedly about the event or
confronting the cause of the fear in a safe and controlled
environment may help the person feel they have more control
over their thoughts and feelings.

80. M E D I C A T I O N
selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors
benzodiazepines

81. COMPLICATIONS
• Depression (which often occurs with an anxiety disorder) OR other
mental health disorders
• Substance misuse
• Trouble sleeping (insomnia)
• Digestive or bowel problems
• Headaches and chronic pain
• Social isolation
• Problems functioning at school or work
• Poor quality of life
• Suicide