This document discusses the use of antihistamines in pediatrics. It notes that antihistamines are commonly prescribed medications for children and that first-generation antihistamines have not been adequately studied in pediatric populations despite their widespread use. Second-generation antihistamines have been studied more in children and allow clinicians to better understand their safety profiles. The document reviews pharmacological characteristics of various antihistamines and evidence for the efficacy of second-generation antihistamines in treating allergic rhinitis in children. It concludes by providing an updated review of the current scientific knowledge regarding antihistamine use in pediatric patients.
Traditional medicines have contributed to modern malaria treatments, with quinine and artemisinin originating from traditional sources. While traditional medicines are widely used for malaria in developing countries, few clinical trials have evaluated their safety and effectiveness. Greater collaboration between traditional and modern healthcare could help utilize traditional medicines' potential as complementary treatments or low-cost alternatives, especially in remote areas. More research is needed to validate promising traditional therapies and determine under what conditions they could be officially recommended in malaria control programs.
1) Practitioners of traditional Arabic medicine in Mauritania were able to predict patient outcomes similarly to methods of modern Western medicine, according to evaluations by modern general practitioners.
2) On average, patient progress under traditional Arabic treatment was similar to what could be expected with modern medical treatment. In some cases, outcomes were even better than expected.
3) The practitioners of different medical systems spontaneously organized weekly joint meetings with a nearby modern health center, indicating the potential for integration and collaboration between traditional and modern approaches.
Rudolf Buchheim founded the first pharmacology institute in 1847, establishing pharmacology as a scientific discipline. Oswald Schmiedeberg and his students helped pharmacology gain reputation. Pharmacology studies drug action and interactions between organisms and chemicals, encompassing areas like pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. It has expanded with new tools from fields like molecular biology and is divided into subdisciplines like toxicology, psychopharmacology, and clinical pharmacology.
This document provides an introduction to the field of pharmacology. It defines pharmacology and discusses the history and scope of the field. It describes different types of drugs sources including natural, semi-synthetic, synthetic and biosynthetic sources. It also outlines various routes of drug administration including local, oral, rectal, inhalation and parenteral routes. The document provides definitions of key terminologies and concepts in pharmacology including essential medicines.
Introduction to pharmacology- Mr. Pannehabdou panneh
Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with living systems. It includes the study of drug action, interaction, effects, and properties. There are two main branches - pharmacodynamics which examines how drugs act on the body, and pharmacokinetics which examines how the body acts on drugs. Adverse drug reactions can occur and are influenced by several factors. It is important for nurses to understand pharmacology to properly administer medications and recognize potential adverse effects.
Personalized Medicine: A New Normal for Therapeutic SuccessSarvan Mani
This document discusses the principles of personalized and precision medicine. It begins by providing historical context, noting that the approach to medicine has shifted from a "one size fits all" model to one that tailors treatment to individual patient characteristics based on genetics, biomarkers, and other factors. The document then outlines some key milestones in the development of personalized medicine since the 1990s, enabled by advances like the Human Genome Project. It discusses the use of biomarkers to predict disease risk, outcomes, and treatment response on an individual level. The goal of personalized medicine is to provide the optimal treatment for each patient. Precision medicine aims to do this by leveraging a detailed understanding of disease mechanisms at a molecular level. The challenges of implementing personalized and precision
Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with living organisms and their physiological effects. It includes the study of drug composition/properties, interactions, therapeutic uses, and toxicity. Pharmacology is divided into pharmacodynamics, which studies how drugs act on the body, and pharmacokinetics, which studies how the body affects drugs. Oswald Schmiedeberg is considered the father of modern pharmacology, establishing the first pharmacology institute in the 19th century where he studied anesthetics, sedatives, and other compounds.
Traditional medicines have contributed to modern malaria treatments, with quinine and artemisinin originating from traditional sources. While traditional medicines are widely used for malaria in developing countries, few clinical trials have evaluated their safety and effectiveness. Greater collaboration between traditional and modern healthcare could help utilize traditional medicines' potential as complementary treatments or low-cost alternatives, especially in remote areas. More research is needed to validate promising traditional therapies and determine under what conditions they could be officially recommended in malaria control programs.
1) Practitioners of traditional Arabic medicine in Mauritania were able to predict patient outcomes similarly to methods of modern Western medicine, according to evaluations by modern general practitioners.
2) On average, patient progress under traditional Arabic treatment was similar to what could be expected with modern medical treatment. In some cases, outcomes were even better than expected.
3) The practitioners of different medical systems spontaneously organized weekly joint meetings with a nearby modern health center, indicating the potential for integration and collaboration between traditional and modern approaches.
Rudolf Buchheim founded the first pharmacology institute in 1847, establishing pharmacology as a scientific discipline. Oswald Schmiedeberg and his students helped pharmacology gain reputation. Pharmacology studies drug action and interactions between organisms and chemicals, encompassing areas like pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. It has expanded with new tools from fields like molecular biology and is divided into subdisciplines like toxicology, psychopharmacology, and clinical pharmacology.
This document provides an introduction to the field of pharmacology. It defines pharmacology and discusses the history and scope of the field. It describes different types of drugs sources including natural, semi-synthetic, synthetic and biosynthetic sources. It also outlines various routes of drug administration including local, oral, rectal, inhalation and parenteral routes. The document provides definitions of key terminologies and concepts in pharmacology including essential medicines.
Introduction to pharmacology- Mr. Pannehabdou panneh
Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with living systems. It includes the study of drug action, interaction, effects, and properties. There are two main branches - pharmacodynamics which examines how drugs act on the body, and pharmacokinetics which examines how the body acts on drugs. Adverse drug reactions can occur and are influenced by several factors. It is important for nurses to understand pharmacology to properly administer medications and recognize potential adverse effects.
Personalized Medicine: A New Normal for Therapeutic SuccessSarvan Mani
This document discusses the principles of personalized and precision medicine. It begins by providing historical context, noting that the approach to medicine has shifted from a "one size fits all" model to one that tailors treatment to individual patient characteristics based on genetics, biomarkers, and other factors. The document then outlines some key milestones in the development of personalized medicine since the 1990s, enabled by advances like the Human Genome Project. It discusses the use of biomarkers to predict disease risk, outcomes, and treatment response on an individual level. The goal of personalized medicine is to provide the optimal treatment for each patient. Precision medicine aims to do this by leveraging a detailed understanding of disease mechanisms at a molecular level. The challenges of implementing personalized and precision
Pharmacology is the study of how drugs interact with living organisms and their physiological effects. It includes the study of drug composition/properties, interactions, therapeutic uses, and toxicity. Pharmacology is divided into pharmacodynamics, which studies how drugs act on the body, and pharmacokinetics, which studies how the body affects drugs. Oswald Schmiedeberg is considered the father of modern pharmacology, establishing the first pharmacology institute in the 19th century where he studied anesthetics, sedatives, and other compounds.
Este documento presenta el editorial de la revista Cosmocápsula número 2. En él, Dixon Acosta discute la importancia de las escritoras pioneras de ciencia ficción como Mary Shelley y otras autoras notables a lo largo de la historia del género. También señala la escasez de escritoras colombianas contemporáneas dedicadas a la ciencia ficción y hace un llamado a que más mujeres envíen sus historias a la revista. El objetivo del editorial es estimular a las escritoras a explorar y desarrollar
Esquema de celebración de camino de luz en las comunidadessecretarioocdchile
1) El documento proporciona sugerencias para celebrar el Camino de Luz en las comunidades del Carmelo Teresiano, incluyendo oraciones, lecturas de textos de Santa Teresa, y peticiones. 2) Se recomienda celebrar la Eucaristía u otro momento de oración que incluya cánticos teresianos, lecturas de sus escritos, y oraciones propuestas. 3) La celebración concluye con una oración final pidiendo a Dios que, por intercesión de Santa Teresa, conceda vivir su espíritu de ent
Este documento describe varios cursos de formación profesional ofrecidos por Ceandem en Huelva entre el 5 y el 16 de marzo de 2012 sobre temas como albañilería, electricidad, fontanería e instalaciones. Los cursos son presenciales, con diferentes horas y precios dependiendo de si el alumno es privado o bonificado.
Este documento presenta un poema titulado "Romance de la Azucena Deshojada" que describe cómo una azucena floreció en el jardín de la Virgen de la Merced en Herencia en el siglo XVII. El poema narra cómo la azucena fue destruida durante la Revolución roja de 1936, dejando a Herencia huérfana. Sin embargo, la azucena renació como símbolo de la continua protección de la Virgen de la Merced sobre el pueblo de Herencia.
El documento aprueba el Texto Único de Procedimientos Administrativos (TUPA) modificado para el Gobierno Regional de Apurímac, el cual consta de sesenta y un procedimientos administrativos. Se transmite la resolución a las unidades correspondientes y se registra de acuerdo a la ley.
El documento proporciona 5 pasos para ingresar exitosamente al mercado de software de Estados Unidos y evitar 5 errores comunes. El primer paso es definir un mensaje claro que enfatice el beneficio principal para los clientes, un diferenciador clave y el mercado objetivo. Explica que el beneficio se refiere a lo que los clientes esperan obtener y no características genéricas, y provee ejemplos de cómo traducir características en beneficios concretos.
El documento resume varias noticias relacionadas con la economía y política de Bolivia. Se anuncia la promulgación de una ley para legalizar vehículos ilegales conocidos como "chutos", lo que genera protestas de empresarios y choferes. También se informa sobre el interés de los bancos por impulsar el sector agrícola con la implementación de un seguro agrícola y sobre varios temas económicos como precios y subsidios.
Este documento describe un estudio y control de fangos activos realizado por Laborcan SL. El estudio involucra una visita a la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para inspeccionar visualmente las instalaciones y tomar muestras y datos. Luego, en el laboratorio se realiza un análisis bioindicación microscópica y respirometría para evaluar la actividad metabólica de las bacterias y diagnosticar cualquier patología en el lodo. El objetivo es optimizar los parámetros operativos, identificar toxinas e inhibidores, y
El documento describe los beneficios del remo para el cuerpo, incluyendo el fortalecimiento de las piernas, la espalda, los hombros y los brazos, así como los beneficios para el sistema cardiovascular. También proporciona consejos sobre la técnica correcta del remo y resume los resultados del Campeonato Argentino de Remo de 2014, en el que el Club Náutico Zárate ganó 8 campeonatos, 7 subcampeonatos y 2 terceros puestos.
Aaron Creces is a journalist seeking new opportunities with experience writing for newspapers and magazines. He has a diploma in print journalism from Conestoga College where he received an award for his feature writing. His experience includes conducting interviews, writing articles, taking photographs, and meeting deadlines at various publications in Ontario. He is skilled in writing, photography, multimedia, and using programs like Adobe and Microsoft Office.
La película cuenta la historia de Chano, un hombre de 70 años que decide estudiar literatura en la universidad. Al principio le cuesta integrarse con los estudiantes más jóvenes, pero poco a poco se gana su amistad a través de la poesía y consejos sobre el amor. Aunque no puede participar en una obra de teatro por su edad, ayuda a los demás a comprender mejor la obra. Al final, Chano se entristece cuando su esposa fallece, pero sus amigos lo apoyan.
El documento presenta una "Carta por la Democracia" que propone cambios profundos en el sistema político y económico para hacerlo más democrático e igualitario. Plantea la necesidad de ampliar los derechos de la ciudadanía, democratizar los poderes públicos aumentando la participación ciudadana, reformar el sistema fiscal para una mayor redistribución de la riqueza, y establecer una "democracia económica" que reconozca bienes públicos y la renta básica universal.
Este documento introduce el Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) desde una perspectiva práctica. Explica conceptos básicos de modelado como meta-modelos, modelos y lenguajes de modelado. Detalla cómo definir meta-modelos y modelos en EMF y provee ejemplos de su uso. Finalmente, presenta algunas aplicaciones como REMM Studio y StateML+ que utilizan EMF.
El documento describe la atmósfera de la Tierra. Señala que está compuesta principalmente por nitrógeno y oxígeno, y contiene pequeñas cantidades de vapor de agua y dióxido de carbono que juegan un papel importante en el efecto invernadero. Explica que la atmósfera se divide en capas basadas en cómo cambia la temperatura con la altitud, y que la radiación solar se comporta como ondas electromagnéticas.
Conferencia relojes de sol luis h trianacampus party
Este documento presenta una introducción a los relojes de sol, incluyendo sus componentes principales, tipos, métodos de construcción y materiales comunes. Explica conceptos básicos como la declinación solar, el movimiento anual aparente del sol, y diagramas que ilustran la trayectoria del sol y su posición respecto a superficies horizontales a lo largo del día.
Ciencia básica del procesado de la carneAdrián Peña
Este documento describe la composición básica de la carne y sus principales componentes: humedad, proteína, grasa y cenizas. Explica que la humedad y la proteína son los componentes más importantes y variables, y describe los diferentes tipos de proteínas cárnicas y sus funciones. También analiza el proceso de rigor mortis y su impacto en la calidad de la carne.
This document outlines the principles and types of non-clinical toxicity studies conducted in animals prior to testing pharmaceuticals in humans. It discusses general principles like complying with Good Laboratory Practice, using standardized equipment and protocols. It also describes the different types of toxicology studies including toxicokinetic, reproductive toxicity, teratogenicity and perinatal studies. The goal is to assess safety and predict potential adverse effects in humans by administering test substances to animals and observing toxicity.
Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of the use and effects of drugs in large populations. The document discusses the definition, origins, need and applications of pharmacoepidemiology. Specifically, it notes that pharmacoepidemiology applies epidemiological techniques to study drug use and effects in populations. It also discusses limitations of pre-marketing drug trials that pharmacoepidemiology aims to address through post-marketing surveillance and other techniques.
Este documento presenta el editorial de la revista Cosmocápsula número 2. En él, Dixon Acosta discute la importancia de las escritoras pioneras de ciencia ficción como Mary Shelley y otras autoras notables a lo largo de la historia del género. También señala la escasez de escritoras colombianas contemporáneas dedicadas a la ciencia ficción y hace un llamado a que más mujeres envíen sus historias a la revista. El objetivo del editorial es estimular a las escritoras a explorar y desarrollar
Esquema de celebración de camino de luz en las comunidadessecretarioocdchile
1) El documento proporciona sugerencias para celebrar el Camino de Luz en las comunidades del Carmelo Teresiano, incluyendo oraciones, lecturas de textos de Santa Teresa, y peticiones. 2) Se recomienda celebrar la Eucaristía u otro momento de oración que incluya cánticos teresianos, lecturas de sus escritos, y oraciones propuestas. 3) La celebración concluye con una oración final pidiendo a Dios que, por intercesión de Santa Teresa, conceda vivir su espíritu de ent
Este documento describe varios cursos de formación profesional ofrecidos por Ceandem en Huelva entre el 5 y el 16 de marzo de 2012 sobre temas como albañilería, electricidad, fontanería e instalaciones. Los cursos son presenciales, con diferentes horas y precios dependiendo de si el alumno es privado o bonificado.
Este documento presenta un poema titulado "Romance de la Azucena Deshojada" que describe cómo una azucena floreció en el jardín de la Virgen de la Merced en Herencia en el siglo XVII. El poema narra cómo la azucena fue destruida durante la Revolución roja de 1936, dejando a Herencia huérfana. Sin embargo, la azucena renació como símbolo de la continua protección de la Virgen de la Merced sobre el pueblo de Herencia.
El documento aprueba el Texto Único de Procedimientos Administrativos (TUPA) modificado para el Gobierno Regional de Apurímac, el cual consta de sesenta y un procedimientos administrativos. Se transmite la resolución a las unidades correspondientes y se registra de acuerdo a la ley.
El documento proporciona 5 pasos para ingresar exitosamente al mercado de software de Estados Unidos y evitar 5 errores comunes. El primer paso es definir un mensaje claro que enfatice el beneficio principal para los clientes, un diferenciador clave y el mercado objetivo. Explica que el beneficio se refiere a lo que los clientes esperan obtener y no características genéricas, y provee ejemplos de cómo traducir características en beneficios concretos.
El documento resume varias noticias relacionadas con la economía y política de Bolivia. Se anuncia la promulgación de una ley para legalizar vehículos ilegales conocidos como "chutos", lo que genera protestas de empresarios y choferes. También se informa sobre el interés de los bancos por impulsar el sector agrícola con la implementación de un seguro agrícola y sobre varios temas económicos como precios y subsidios.
Este documento describe un estudio y control de fangos activos realizado por Laborcan SL. El estudio involucra una visita a la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales para inspeccionar visualmente las instalaciones y tomar muestras y datos. Luego, en el laboratorio se realiza un análisis bioindicación microscópica y respirometría para evaluar la actividad metabólica de las bacterias y diagnosticar cualquier patología en el lodo. El objetivo es optimizar los parámetros operativos, identificar toxinas e inhibidores, y
El documento describe los beneficios del remo para el cuerpo, incluyendo el fortalecimiento de las piernas, la espalda, los hombros y los brazos, así como los beneficios para el sistema cardiovascular. También proporciona consejos sobre la técnica correcta del remo y resume los resultados del Campeonato Argentino de Remo de 2014, en el que el Club Náutico Zárate ganó 8 campeonatos, 7 subcampeonatos y 2 terceros puestos.
Aaron Creces is a journalist seeking new opportunities with experience writing for newspapers and magazines. He has a diploma in print journalism from Conestoga College where he received an award for his feature writing. His experience includes conducting interviews, writing articles, taking photographs, and meeting deadlines at various publications in Ontario. He is skilled in writing, photography, multimedia, and using programs like Adobe and Microsoft Office.
La película cuenta la historia de Chano, un hombre de 70 años que decide estudiar literatura en la universidad. Al principio le cuesta integrarse con los estudiantes más jóvenes, pero poco a poco se gana su amistad a través de la poesía y consejos sobre el amor. Aunque no puede participar en una obra de teatro por su edad, ayuda a los demás a comprender mejor la obra. Al final, Chano se entristece cuando su esposa fallece, pero sus amigos lo apoyan.
El documento presenta una "Carta por la Democracia" que propone cambios profundos en el sistema político y económico para hacerlo más democrático e igualitario. Plantea la necesidad de ampliar los derechos de la ciudadanía, democratizar los poderes públicos aumentando la participación ciudadana, reformar el sistema fiscal para una mayor redistribución de la riqueza, y establecer una "democracia económica" que reconozca bienes públicos y la renta básica universal.
Este documento introduce el Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) desde una perspectiva práctica. Explica conceptos básicos de modelado como meta-modelos, modelos y lenguajes de modelado. Detalla cómo definir meta-modelos y modelos en EMF y provee ejemplos de su uso. Finalmente, presenta algunas aplicaciones como REMM Studio y StateML+ que utilizan EMF.
El documento describe la atmósfera de la Tierra. Señala que está compuesta principalmente por nitrógeno y oxígeno, y contiene pequeñas cantidades de vapor de agua y dióxido de carbono que juegan un papel importante en el efecto invernadero. Explica que la atmósfera se divide en capas basadas en cómo cambia la temperatura con la altitud, y que la radiación solar se comporta como ondas electromagnéticas.
Conferencia relojes de sol luis h trianacampus party
Este documento presenta una introducción a los relojes de sol, incluyendo sus componentes principales, tipos, métodos de construcción y materiales comunes. Explica conceptos básicos como la declinación solar, el movimiento anual aparente del sol, y diagramas que ilustran la trayectoria del sol y su posición respecto a superficies horizontales a lo largo del día.
Ciencia básica del procesado de la carneAdrián Peña
Este documento describe la composición básica de la carne y sus principales componentes: humedad, proteína, grasa y cenizas. Explica que la humedad y la proteína son los componentes más importantes y variables, y describe los diferentes tipos de proteínas cárnicas y sus funciones. También analiza el proceso de rigor mortis y su impacto en la calidad de la carne.
This document outlines the principles and types of non-clinical toxicity studies conducted in animals prior to testing pharmaceuticals in humans. It discusses general principles like complying with Good Laboratory Practice, using standardized equipment and protocols. It also describes the different types of toxicology studies including toxicokinetic, reproductive toxicity, teratogenicity and perinatal studies. The goal is to assess safety and predict potential adverse effects in humans by administering test substances to animals and observing toxicity.
Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of the use and effects of drugs in large populations. The document discusses the definition, origins, need and applications of pharmacoepidemiology. Specifically, it notes that pharmacoepidemiology applies epidemiological techniques to study drug use and effects in populations. It also discusses limitations of pre-marketing drug trials that pharmacoepidemiology aims to address through post-marketing surveillance and other techniques.
The document discusses guidelines for clinical drug trials involving pediatric populations. It outlines important considerations for trials involving different pediatric age groups, including preterm and term newborns, infants, children, adolescents, and issues related to informed consent. Key factors discussed include appropriate dosing based on developmental differences, minimizing blood draws and pain/distress, informed consent processes, and protecting patient well-being.
Assessment of the Prevalence of Proactive Penicillin Allergy Testing in Patie...BRNSS Publication Hub
This study aims to promote penicillin allergy testing in an outpatient to penicillin allergy and educate both patients and clinicians about testing. Patients with a history of penicillin allergy were screened for penicillin allergy testing. The results of allergy testing and patient satisfaction after testing were the main outcomes. A total of 82 patients were recruited, although only 37 actually underwent testing. None of these 37 had a positive skin test and none of 36 had a positive oral challenge (one refused it). Following testing, 2 patients (5%) had subjective reactions within 24 h. Three (10%) were subsequently treated with a beta-lactam, and all reported that testing provided important information to their medical history. In conclusion, the penicillin allergy testing safely evaluates patients labeled as penicillin allergic. It is well tolerated and embraced by the patients who undergo testing. In our study, none of the patients tested had an allergic reaction, but we identified multiple barriers to developing a protocol for testing patients from the primary care setting.
This document provides an overview of pharmacovigilance and discusses tomato flu. It defines pharmacovigilance as the science relating to detection, assessment, and prevention of adverse drug reactions. The document outlines the objectives of pharmacovigilance programs in India and ICH guidelines. It also summarizes tomato flu as a new viral disease affecting children under 9, spread through droplets, with symptoms like rash and joint pain. Treatment involves isolation, hygiene, and over-the-counter drugs like ibuprofen. The conclusion emphasizes continued monitoring and drug repurposing in the absence of antivirals or a vaccine for tomato flu.
process for discovery and development of new drug and issues related to testi...tinasingh30
The document summarizes the key stages and processes involved in drug development, from discovery through clinical trials and regulatory approval. It discusses the pre-clinical, clinical, and post-marketing phases, which involve extensive testing, including pharmacokinetics, toxicology, formulation, and three phases of clinical trials on human subjects. It notes that while medical research is necessary, clinical trials must follow ethical principles like informed consent, privacy, risk minimization, and justice to avoid potential social, economic and legal issues from testing on humans.
Healthcare Center Website XL by Slidesgo.pptxJyotirmoyPanda1
This document provides an introduction to general pharmacology. It defines key terms like pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics, and clinical pharmacology. It also discusses drug classification including orphan drugs and over-the-counter drugs. Various routes of drug administration are described along with local and systemic routes. Factors governing the choice of administration route are outlined. Finally, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are briefly introduced.
This study compared the efficacy and safety of two doses of oral midazolam (0.5 mg/kg and 0.75 mg/kg) as premedication in 40 pediatric patients aged 1-5 years undergoing surgery. The number of children who were comfortably sedated and reacted well to separation from parents was higher in the 0.75 mg/kg group. Post-extubation sedation scores showed more children in the 0.75 mg/kg group had satisfactory sedation levels. However, recovery times were similar between groups. The study concluded that 0.75 mg/kg oral midazolam is an effective and safe premedication dose for pediatric patients in this age range.
Efficacy and safety of two doses of oral midazolam as premedication in paedia...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
This document provides guidance on clinical investigation of medicinal products in pediatric populations. It outlines key issues to consider in pediatric drug development, including:
- Timing of pediatric studies based on disease severity and availability of alternative treatments
- Need for pediatric formulations that allow accurate dosing and enhance compliance
- Types of studies including pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and long-term safety
It also discusses important ethical considerations like informed consent, minimizing risk and distress, and recruitment. The addendum provides approaches to optimize pediatric drug development, such as using existing knowledge, extrapolation, and modelling/simulation to design efficient clinical trials. Special pediatric formulation needs for neonates are also addressed.
This document describes a "reverse pharmacology" approach used to develop an anti-malarial herbal medicine in Mali over six years. The key steps were:
1. A retrospective treatment outcome study identified Argemone mexicana as having the best statistical correlation with reported recovery from malaria.
2. In vitro and literature reviews supported Argemone mexicana's safety.
3. A dose-escalating clinical trial was conducted to determine the safest and most effective dose, showing a dose-response effect.
4. A randomized controlled trial then compared the herbal medicine to standard antimalarial treatment.
This process resulted in a new standardized herbal antimal
This document discusses safety testing of pharmaceuticals. It covers the importance of safety testing to establish storage conditions and ensure stability. The major steps discussed are preclinical research in cells and animals, preclinical safety assessment testing in two animal species, clinical trials in humans proceeding from phase 1 to 4, and post-marketing surveillance. Toxicological studies evaluate toxicity, effects, and target organs while biocompatibility studies examine the interaction between drugs and tissues. Regulatory authorities like the FDA oversee safety testing to help safe products reach the market.
The document discusses the Paediatric Committee (PDCO) at the European Medicines Agency and its role in regulating medicines for children. It describes how prior to 2007, 50-90% of paediatric medicines lacked testing and evaluation. The Paediatric Regulation of 2007 established the PDCO and incentives like extended exclusivity periods to stimulate research into paediatric medicines. The key tools are Paediatric Investigation Plans which must be approved by the PDCO and outline a medicine's paediatric development. The regulation aims to improve children's health through ethical research while not delaying adult approvals. However, its translation into health benefits requires transparency and coordination between regulators and industry.
A Study on Pattern of Using Prophylactic Antibiotics in Caesarean Sectioniosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
clinical and preclinical approaches to drug discovery.Here we mainly deals with preclinical approaches, ie. Pharmacological approach and toxicological approach
This document discusses best practices for allergen immunotherapy. It provides an overview of its effectiveness for treating allergic rhinitis, asthma, and venom hypersensitivity based on updated meta-analyses. Guidelines developed by WHO and allergy societies recommend immunotherapy for patients who have not responded adequately to medications or avoidance measures. Precautions are discussed for special groups like children, pregnant women, and elderly patients. The document also covers patient selection, product preparation, dosing schedules, safety considerations, and managing treatment.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
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Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
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