The animals work hard to rebuild the windmill despite facing harsh winters. Napoleon is referred to with great reverence as "our Leader" by the animals. Food rations are reduced for all animals except the pigs and dogs, though Squealer claims they are better off. Shockingly, the commandments are replaced with "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others."

1. Animal Farm George Orwell Presenter: Cindy

2. Main Points of Chapter 8-10 Major Themes of Animal Farm Satire Characters and t heir h istorical c orrelation Questions for reading comprehension Question for discussion Outlines

3. Chapter 8 Summary The animals worked harder than they ever had before to rebuild the windmill . Animals begin to speak of Napoleon with a great deal of reverence, giving him the formal title of "our Leader, Comrade Napoleon."

4. Chapter 9 Summary Although the animals faced another harsh winter, Squealer eases their minds . Food rations for all of the animals are reduced (except for the pigs and dogs), but Squealer indicates that they have produced more food and were living more comfortably than ever before. The animals believe every word.

5. Chapter 10 Summary It is the most shocking thing the animals have ever seen. It goes against everything that they have been taught up to then. Just as it seems that someone might object, the sheep break into a deafening chorus of “ Four legs bad, two legs better .” All the commandments are gone, and all that is written there now is “All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.”

6. Satire In a satire , the writer attacks a serious issue by presenting it in a ridiculous light or otherwise poking fun at it. Orwell uses satire in Animal Farm to expose what he saw as the myth of Soviet socialism . Thus, the novel tells a story that people of all ages can understand, but it also tells us a second story—that of the real-life Revolution .

7. The author used lots of animals to dig at some people. Many critics have matched in great detail the story’s characters to historical persons, e.g., linking the power struggle between Napoleon and Snowball to the historical feuding between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trostky for control of the Soviet Union.

8. Main Character Napoleon: Throughout the novel, Napoleon’s method of “getting his own way” involves a combination of propaganda and terror that none of the animals can resist. Napoleon’s greatest crime; however, is his complete transformation into Jones.

9. Characters and Their Historical Correlation Critics also believe that Old Major represents Karl Marx, who dies before realizing his dream. Boxer and Clover as workers, the sheep as the general public, Squealer as Stalin’s government news agency, the dogs as Stalin’s military-police, Farmer Jones as Czar Nicholas II. The farm’s neighbors, Pilkington and Frederick, are said to represent Great Britain and Germany while Mollie suggests the old Russian aristocracy which resists change.

10. Satire As Clover and the other animals watch the arguments through the dining-room window, they are unable to discriminate between the humans and the pigs.

11. Russian Revolution Power Joseph Stalin: Built his power behind the lines Leon Trotsky: Was popular/charismatic, and famous for his speeches

12. Stalin Wins! Stalin out-maneuvers Trotsky and gains control . Stalin starts to isolate Trotsky within the party because he is a threat .

13. Questions for reading comprehension Orwell completed Animal Farm during what international conflict? World War II The Cold War The Russo-Japanese War The Great War

14. In what year did the Russian Revolution occur? 1905 1917 1924 1939

15. What character in Animal Farm represents Stalin? Frederick the Horse-Slaughterer Napoleon Squealer

16. Squealer's job is to distribute what among the animals? weekly assignments propaganda rations reading materials

17. Which of the following is not a slogan in Animal Farm? "Four legs good, two legs better" "All animals are equal / But some animals are more equal than others" "War is peace / Freedom is Slavery / Ignorance is Strength" "Long live Comrade Napoleon"

18. Question for Discussion With what propaganda are students bombarded with each day through the means of media? Students can become much more aware of the daily doses of political propaganda that surround them. Have students report each day during the Animal Farm unit on the rhetoric used today. If the unit is given during an election year, encourage students to follow the various campaigns and candidates. What are the issues? How are they addressed? Duck for President

19. Thank you!