this course is communication course which is translated English document to Afar language for Afar language and literature students (Qafar-af kee Feeraysowag exxa)

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5hatto
Mafdaga
5. Angaaraw (Communication)
5.1. Culma (Introduction)
Angaaraw yaanam sinni hadaf/qalaama, fikrat/mabla, fayxi aki marah edde tatrusan/warsan
maknay/gixsit kee illuk walalta mari woohim kok yafhimeenimi kinni.angaaraw abna wak
yabnah, ankacisnah, tonnaah ilaalisnah. Nanu elle yabnannih giti bartime (learned style) kinni.
Ayti mattaca (Attention): taamah, buxah addal kee manol meqe gidal/xaloot le gurral
yangooruweenimih xiqto sihdayti faxah yan xiqtootak qaynatittek tiyak teena kinni. Qaalam kee
ni mano angaaraw maleh maca celtuwayta? Tet maleh rike maadnu maxiqna. Is kaadu sahal
hinna, tonnaah nanu inkkih angaaraw/walal nek elle yundufullekke naaxigeh hinnay andafaale
fan elle gixekke kaadu kassitnah.tohissabatah, angaaraw maknay meqe gurral nafhimem tonnaah
tet dadlisnam xiqnek more effective kee successful communicator akkuk amaatenno/akkenno.
Hadaf (Objective): Inki gammih angaarawak yakke maggo taqbitte gitat anewa fahmi
yaysubulleenim. Ah yaanam namma mari fanat walal yakkeh yan wak inki num dubuk yaaba kaa
tekkeh gersitti wulim aw leh yan mabla hinnammay radi gacse weeh tibbiyeh yaabah yan num
dubuk ankacesek walal/angaaraw keenik faxiima hadaf maadu maxiqa. Macay innek, yaabeyni
tatrusa farmo ankaciseyni kak geek waytam elle yaaxagu xiqam kay raddi hirgah yan waqdi
kinni.
Uguugus/Niya (Motivation): atu sinni wadba maadduh abtah tan bisoh guduq/gexak raaq
baxsaluk baritto wadbitte, angaaraw/walal kaxxam fula lennal ussimak amaatele.meqe gurral
walalaanam/yangooroweenimi xiqto naharsi ixxiga kinni. Atu yayse walale akkuk elle
tamaaateemil sinni fayxi arac xagisak tamaate. Ku cayaat 80% daga farmo/xaagu
rubaanam/yaceenim hinnay hirgaanamal tatrusa. Uma angaaraw wakti kee cayla/kuwat silam kee
sinam fanat bood ugsam xiqa. Atu mannal angaaraw xiqtoota dadlisak elle tantifiqqem duddanna
nascabuwana/nafikkiruwayna.sinam kok ittah taniimik ifu le fahmi aallettoh aki mari woo
giddaallem makot kok miyafhiman.taqbitte sissikuk anfiddiimele, aki marih fayxi baxsaanam
duudetto tonnaah booditte yafdigeenim xiqetto.
5.2. Angaaraw wadbitte (Goals of communication)
Angaarawa wadbittek taysem ahaak gubal tan duyyek tiyak teena arac xagsaanama.
1. Yaysixxigoonuh/Warsiyya (To Inform): farmo tatrusaanam hinnammay ammuntak
teena wagsiisak sinaamah baritto yaceenimi.
2. Geysissuh (To Persuade): ammunta wagsiisak hirgeyni mabla korsaanam hinnay
diggoysaanama.

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3. Ramaddiino xisoonuh (To Build Relationships): inki-inki farmoomay rubtah tan koo
kee hirgeyni fanat meqe kacanu xisiyyi hadaf lem takkeh.
5.3. Angaaraw gixsit xagaritte/dagaritte
Angaaraw gitette dagaritte innah nanwak fexe wak sinam walal tah/tangoorowe tan wak raaqe
sinni duyye kinni. Ahaak gubal tan angaaraw gitih xagaritte walal meqe gurral akah yakkennah
kee fanat taqbi akah akke waannah abtah tan kaxxam faxximta dagaritte kinni. Tonnaah kaadu,
ken male angaaraw/walal faxan hadaf kibu maxiqa wa arac maadu maduuda.
B. Ruubeyna (Sender) - yangaarawe/ruubeyna yaanam numuy farmo ruuba/tatrusa kinni.
namma tumay walale (communicator) mannal ossobbali yakkuwam baxissa tan: naharsi
tiya walale mabla kinni. Is asmat lem faxximta. Nammahatto tiya walale maqna taceeh
gitah tan asta (Symbol) dooro, hinnay massat tan astooti koo ankacisa marak
amakkaquk kee gita tan dariifa doorit.
Tah yaanam num/ruubeyni farmok teena ruuba wak woo ruubah yan farmo miyyaay akah
tarusam kee elle tatrusa dariifa maca celtam mesenkecal isik baaham faxximta. Tonnaah farmo
edderuuba gititte dooram kee farmo kak fanal taydafalluwaytam firuuk fiyam faxximta.
T. Farmo (Message) – ruubeyni kattil, anayal, astootit tatrusa farmooy hirgeyna fan
rubbumta kinni.
S. Hirgeyna (Receiver) – kak innam farmo hirga numu. Ta num ruubeynak temeete
farmo maqnisak elle yafhime innah aba hinnay maqna elle taceennah yasturjumeh.
Hirgeyni kaadu walale kinni, woh mannal takku xiqta (hirge raddi gacsah yan uddur walale
yakke).
Angaaraw dudda yaallem namma katuk (rube kee hirge) fanat farmo itta geyta wak tonnaah loon
mabla meqe gurral ittat tabsan waka.
C. Raddi/Gacsa (Feedback) – hirgeyna kah ruuben farmol kacasa raddi. Woo raddi
Maggo/baxaabaxsa le gital gacsam xiqah ceelalloh, tibbal, yaabal hinnay astootil.
Angaaraw raddi maleh arac xagtu maxiqta, macahaay ruubeyni ruubeh yan farmo hirgeyni
yifhimem elle yaxigu duudam hirgeynak raddi nammannak innak teenal hirga waqdi. Naharsitto,
verbal gital hirgah yan waqdi kee nonverbal gital hirgah yan waqdi. Verbal kak innam afat aw
qangoorut antafaqqamuk aban (katti hinnay yaab) kinni. Nonverbal aki gammuk, qangoor maleh
abna walal/angaaraw kinni.

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Ceelallo, asta, fooci maxca, xagar af, w.w. (body language, facial expression, gesture,
posture, e,t,c).
5.4. Missoyna kee Missoynah Angaaraw Tu-mabla
5.4.1. Missoyna Tu-mabul (Concept)
Banaadanti xaylo duyye xabcin/sahali le sensel takkekkeh missoysan. Nanu caddooda hinnay
tagbaar .baxxaqisnah tonnaah missosnah. Tokkeek tukteena hadaf duudusnuh abnitte catak
qokkoltime abinat cula numuy maralluk. Missoyna issi adoytitih qokkoltime abnittet take.
5.4.2. Missoynah Angaaraw
Angaaraw ruubeynak hirgayna fan taturta farmo kinnih, tascasseh tanim hirgeyni farmo
yafhimeemi. Angaaraw tonnah farmo simboolittet ruubaanam kee hirgaanama. Ta caalatal
angaaraw muxxo le missoynah climate xagar kinni. Ellacabol, missoynah angaaraw amolluditte
aki amolludittet mesenkecat verbal hinnay nonverbal gital maqna ugsaanamih gexsiti.
Angaaraw/walal missoynah addal maggo gital yakke. Atu taamah adoytalluk aw taamissa
numulluuk elle yabtanna kee ku saqal hinnay missoyna miraaceseynalluk elle yabtanni baxsa le.
Amolluditteey missoynat taamita kampaanih addal baxsa le missoynah angaarawih qaynat
aaxagiyya kee afhimiyyak nafqi edde giya. Ahim amolluddah kulli saaki tekkooka, siiratitte,
digif (protocol), kampaani qaago/kibaalak dariifat edde adda le/baar le fahmi tace. Xiinak
maacisak/ayrook ayro a fahmi amolluddah dariifa kibaalittet taamitaanamal, cooperation
faysiyyal, egla taamal, amo biyi taamah satta xiqsiisaanamal kaa aw tet yanfiqeh.
5.5. Madab Angaaraw kee Madab mali Angaarawak
Fexe miissoyna dariifah addat geytima aakami/naharis namma angaaraw networkitte tan.
Usunuuy madab angaarawih network kee madab mali/sinni angaaraw networkih yanin. Oregon
State missol, madab angaaraw elle baxxaqsimtennal angaaraway doolataak muggaqsimte farmoh
obtih gititteey missoyna saqolti fanat takkeemi. Aki maxcal, madab angaaraw saqalak teenat amo
le hinnay numuk teenak miraaciselluuk taamat axaw le ammunta wagsiisak takkeemi. aki
gammuk, madab mali angaaraw elle baxxaqsimtennal, walal/angaaraw goliy doolat le gammuk
mugaaqsime angaaraw gititte ascassewa angaaraw kinni. Masalan taamah aracal kataysalluuk
walalaanam taysubulle tiya kinni.
Madab network yaanam angaarawaay missoyna miroctih madqa xisne katayta hinnammay
amrisyyi ramiida kinni. Is kataytam madab, xissimte, doolat fiiraytitteh angaarawa. Madab karta
(Chart) a networkih maggih qusba taama abeynit qimmoh ayro afak culan wak tantoccowime. A
tiya miyyah xayyowsaanam kee macah xayyowsaanam qaddossa.

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Madab mali retta/madab sinni saarime gita (Informal network) grapevine kataya angaaraw
tabbixe. Ah mirocti madqa gita hinnay amri ramiida kataye wa angaaraw qaynata. A tiya miyyi
nummaay miyyah yaabam kee maca wagsiisak yaabam koh warissa. Akkel edde yabnam
texceyyeeka (gossip) hinna. Texceyyeeka (Gossip) rettat tanih anewaytah. Akkel nascasseh
nanim taama abeynit kee saqolti fanih angaarawittek/fantaaxawittek temme kee dago/qunxa
hinnay madab messoynat angaaraw allewayta madab mali angaaraw xakabitte. Madab mali
saarime gita umman missoyanaanil kaxxa cayla/kuwwata. Is kulli wak madab rettak (network)
muxxo le sissikaanel taamitta, maggih fula le nummal taamitta.
Taama abeynit namma rettak garcit ane waanam faxximta/oyti yaalleenim faxximta. Xinisso
madab mali rettak kaxxi madab tettal fula le lowsis lon laakin taama abeynit madab mali rettal
xiinisso xagarittek fula le lowsis (control) loon.
5.5.1. Madab Angaaraw Obti kee Raat
Missoynah addat madab angaaraw elle geytima sidiica gititte tan: dagaak guba (Downward),
gubaak dagah (Upward), rakrakkih (Horizontal). Dagaak gubah angaaraw xiinisso mirocti taama
abeynit yaabisan wak takke tiya. A qaynatih angaaraw yanim mirocti taama abeynitih taama
kaalibitte baxxaqisaanam, taama abeynit taama yasmaqeenim, hinnay qusba siirat
baxxaqisaanam faxan waqdi. A qaynatih angaaraw missoynah faxximtam kinniimih saqolti gubal
taama abeynitilluk yaabe kal meqennal yangooroweenim faxximta tiya/saqolti taama abeynit
angaaraw ogolaanam faxximta. Gubaak dagah angaaraw yakkem xukkaytitte (Subordinators)
daga/naharsi saqoltilluuk (Managers) walalan/yaabanam faxan waqdi. Naharsi saqal taama
tumurriqem/sellimtem hinnay taamat axaw le taqabi yaaxige gideh aban angaaraw/walal kinni.
Rakrakkih/tabtabbih angaaraw aki gammuk yakkem taama abeynit ettalluuk/inki caddo le/caddol
tan taama abeynit ittalluuk walalta/tangaarawe waqdi.
Madab angaaraw messoynah addal namma afkanal ooba: irook addah kee rakrakkih. Madab
angaaraw kulli missoynah exxa kinni. Missoyna angaaraw baxaabaxsa/sissinna lennal xiqsiissam
faximta: irook addah, gubaak dagah, rakrakkih, kee qeegenti (Diagonal) angaaraw
1. Kareereyti angaaraw (Vertical Communication)
kareereyti angaaraw messoynah addal taama abeynitt fanat baxaabaxsa le duddo
raawoowih angaaraw wagsissa tiya kinni. Is hangi elle lem irook addah kee gubaak iroh
angaaraw mirocti kee taama abeynit fanat yakke.
1.1. Dagaak gubah/irook addah angaaraw (Downward Communication)
Irook addih angaarawak naharsi qaynata dagaak gubih angaarawaay daga miroctiik
addah taama abeynit fan gubi raawal oobta. Dagaak gubih angaaraw amobeyal daga
caddo/raawa xiinisso nabam taamittaamih fayxi yaallen wak effectivik tan. Kulli
missoyanal dagaak addah obta baxsa le koona xagaritte tan. Usunuuy taamah
ascossa, rakiibisso sabab/siyaasa tu-mabulu/xaagu kee raddi

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Taamah ascossa (Job Instruction): yaanam gubi saqoltih xaagu/oyti maca
abaan keenik qammalsimtam wagsiisak oyti/daagu yaceenimi. Ah
iyyaanam saqolti le gammuuk gubi saqoltil oobah yan amriiy keenik
kammaltintah tan taamak ascossa aw mannal woo taama abaanam
hinnammay maca abaanam faxximtam keenih elle warsan gita. Is
baxaabaxsa lennal/ le gital taturtam xiqtah, saani amri (foocak fooca
geytima tatrusan/yacen amri), fiirime kattil (katti/farmoh amri),
workshopittel mannal taama abaanam, wohuuk daga (so on). Akkel lafalih
tanim taamah ascossi nagay/nummaak qaddoyseenim kee inki taamal
saanih tagbaaral/abinal leh tanim takkeemi.
Rakiibo niya/sabab (Rationale): buxux/rakiibo leh yan geysis hinnammay
duuduma/gita le dirki/masuuliyyat hinnay ugdubay baaha kee mannal is
missoynah exxaaxi abak geytimtah taniimilliuk gexxam
qaddoysaanam/adda fakoot abaanam. Is uxiih maggo gital taturtam
duddah, afti hinnam katti cogdaadil.
Ayxiyoloojy (Ideology): rakiibo le geysis fikiikisaanama. A qaynatih
oruuk addih angaaraw taama abeynit aamanti giyaana faxxa. Ayxiyolooji
missoyna falsafa. Saqolti/xiiniseynit taama abeynit missoyna falaswa fan
hirgaanam "xamaanam' faxan. Kullinum inki aw baxsa alle wayta wadba
kee inkih taysitte yaallen wak angaaraw sahl/xabcinuk yamaate. Maggo
m,issoynani katti ayxiyolooji qusaba taama abeynit afaak cultah tan waqdi
yaceenih iyya lon.
Xaagi oytisso/ascossa (Information): a tiya taama abeynitih inkih yan
ixxigak dago aysexeexegiyyay usun yaaxigeenim faxaana wagsissa,
ceelallo madqooqi, tuxxiiqitte milaagu, kee inkih yan poolisitte.
Raddi/gacsa (Feedback): xiinise taama abeyniti mannal taama abaanah
yaniinim wagsiisak oyti keenih elle yace gita. Raddi maggo gurral
yandabbem xiqah, qasbi/mushaahara ossiyyay hinnay ankusiyya, ellacabo
maysaxxa, hinnay forkacat inkih raddi gcsam/yaceem duudh. Taama
kosaaqisa/lowsiisa gubi saqoltih/qokol exxah aku luk aban taamamannal
yaysiseenim/yasmaqeenim/korsaanam kee meqennal/nagay aban taamat
raddi tonnaah qadom, bica lem kee faxxiimta milagitte mannal abaanamih
ascossa luk takkem faxximta.
Sinaamay missoyah addal gubi raawal tani maggo gital irook addih angarawa xintol qekuh tan
sinni cagal sahaalle sabbitih. Takkay ikkah xiinisso irook addih angaaraw elle yakke maggo
gititte control abta. Woo control faxxiima xaagu koofan oobe kalek, atu nagay/sissikuk
wohim/tet geytuh gixsis taynabem/dadlissam/fayissam faxisimta. Woo gexsit akah taamite waam
xiinisso taqabi/qellat/galti takkem bictah, laakin numuuy weeqa hirga asliik fiiraytuk aki gaba
kalti/ellacabot akkele.

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Missoyna irook addih angaaraw xaagi, madqooqi, mohooditte/kaalibitte, siiratitte, kee aki
xaaguy wo missoynak iro xisnek addah ooba angaaraw gexsit tascasse. A amolludditte siirat,
kaalibitte, taama kokmakorta/masuuliyyat, kee aki messoyna anfaqiyyih faxxiima xaagu
ginaanah.
Irook addih angaaraw maggih taniimi hinnay takkeemi guubak iroh/dagah angaaarawak muxxi.
Larkin kee larkin (1994) elle tescessennal daka xiiniseynit/saqolti saanih immidiate lowsiiseynit
luuk yongooroweenik/walaleenik kee lowsiiseynit tonnaah sinni exxalluuk
walaleenik/yongooroweenik irook addih angaaraw kaxxam salli leh aw arac xagah.
1.2.Gubaak Iroh Angaaraw (Upward Communication)
2. Tabtabbih/Rakrakkih Angaaraw (Horizontal Communication)
Angaarawak tabtabbi messoynah xisne messoynak inkki tan baaxak obta angaaraw loowitta.
Tabtabbi xisne angaaraw maggo/baxaabaxsa le raawoowi kee exxaaxi fan kee katuk dadlisa,
raawoowi fanih angaaraw baxxooxa baysah.
Tabtabbih/bagbaggih angaaraw maggo wak taama abeynit satta/rofto kee mooral inti le. Akke
atu gexsitil litoh tan sinni feelings qaduuk kee currik yabtam xiqtah kee aki maraay keen ceela
luuk sinni taqabit walaltam duddah. Is tonnah kaadu gitay/meerraytuy maggo ayyuntiino walal
madable missoynal edde yakke. Tabtabbih angaaraw atu ixxiga, angaaraw cikmatitte, kee
ayyuntiiniyyat cikmatitte edde ussitta/dadlisitta meerraytitte/gititte kinni. Ahim kulli wak
missoynah addat yayseh ya affoofiyyi saami luuk koo yayse taamiteyna/taama abeyna akkuk
tamaateemil qokolta tiyaay atu der ellacabo le marallih fantaaxaw elle xissa kinni.
Tabtabbih angaaraw taama abeynit kee exxaaxiy (departments) inki missoyna caddol tanih fanak
obta. Is exxaaxi taamoomi/angagoyitteh bica/massoysiyya kee gabah assagollay engaged
retavely indepeendent tasks (milijkove rijavec, 2008).
3. Qeegoyti Angaaraw (Diagonal Communication)
A angaaraw yascassem angaaraway xiniseynit kee taama abeyniitiy siissin taamah baxaabaxsittel
daffeytih fanat yakke (Wilson, 1992).

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Weelo 1. Missoynah Angaarawih Qaynatitte
Irook addih Angaaraw
gubaak iroh angaaraw
Tabtabbih Angaaraw (Horizontal Communication)
Raceyna: ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
(Kenan Spaho Page 104-105)
Fanti saqolti (middle managers)
Naharsi-rorti saqolti (first-line managers)
Qeegoyti angaaraw (Diagonal Communication)