This document provides an overview of the history and development of the Android operating system. It discusses how Android was developed by Android Inc. and later acquired by Google in 2005. It then details the major versions of Android from the initial commercial release in 2008 to the current version, Android 9 Pie. Each version since 2009 has been named after a dessert and has included visual and functional changes and improvements to the operating system. The document provides timelines and details of the various Android versions and their associated API levels.

1. Android
Seminar (2CE503)
RAVI N. PATEL
(17012012008)
U V PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
GANPAT UNIVERSITY,
KHERVA

2. Outline
 Introduction
 History
 Versions
 Pre-commercial release versions
 Version History

3. Introduction

4. Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google,
based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open
source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile
devices such as smartphones and tablets. In addition, Google
has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android
Auto for cars, and Wear OS for wrist watches, each with a
specialized user interface. [1]

5. History

6. Android Inc. was founded in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich
Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White. The intentions of the company
is to develop an advanced operating system for digital cameras. The
company then decided that the market for cameras was not large
enough for its goals, and by five months later it had diverted its
efforts and was pitching Android as a handset operating system that
would rival Symbian and Microsoft Windows Mobile.

8. In July 2005, Google acquired Android Inc. for at least $50 million. Its key
employees, including Rubin, Miner and White, joined Google. At Google,
the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by
the Linux kernel. Google marketed the platform to handset
makers and carriers on the promise of providing a flexible, upgradeable
system.

9. Google's intention was to enter the mobile communications market continued to
build through December 2006. But the arrival of 2007's Apple iPhone with
Touchscreen Displays meant that Android "had to go back to the drawing
board". Google later changed its Android specification that "Touchscreens will
be supported", although "the Product was designed with the presence of discrete
physical buttons as an assumption, therefore a touchscreen cannot completely
replace physical buttons". By 2008, both Nokia and BlackBerry announced
touch-based smartphones to rival the iPhone 3G, and Android's focus eventually
switched to just touchscreens. The first commercially available smartphone
running Android was the HTC Dream announced on September 23, 2008.

10. Android has been the best-selling OS worldwide on
smartphones since 2011 and on tablets since 2013. As of
May 2017, it has over two billion monthly active users, the
largest installed base of any operating system, and as of
June 2018, the Google Play store features over 3.3 million
apps.

11. Android Versions

12. The version history began with the public release of the Android beta on
November 5, 2007. The first commercial version Android 1.0 was released
on September 23, 2008. It has seen a number of updates since the initial
release.
Versions 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific code names and have
been in alphabetical order since 2009's Android 1.5 Cupcake, with the
most recent major version being Android 9 Pie released in August 6,
2018.[3]
Google explained that "Since these devices make our lives so sweet,
each Android version is named after a dessert"

13.  Pre-commercial release versions
 Alpha
 Beta
 Version history
 Android 1.0
 Android 1.1
 Cupcake
 Donut
 Eclair
 Froyo
 Gingerbread
 Honeycomb
 Ice Cream Sandwich
 Jelly Bean
 KitKat
 Lollipop
 Marshmallow
 Nougat
 Oreo
 Pie [2,3]

14. Version history by API level
 Android 1.0 (API 1)
 Android 1.1 (API 2)
 Android 1.5 Cupcake (API 3)
 Android 1.6 Donut (API 4)
 Android 2.0 Eclair (API 5)
 Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API 6)
 Android 2.1 Eclair (API 7)
 Android 2.2 Froyo (API 8)
 Android 2.3 Gingerbread (API 9)
 Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread (API 10)
 Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API 11)
 Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API 12)
 Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API 13)
 Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 14)
 Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 15)

15. Version history by API level :-
 Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API 16)
 Android 4.2 Jelly Bean (API 17)
 Android 4.3 Jelly Bean (API 18)
 Android 4.4 KitKat (API 19)
 Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions (API 20)
 Android 5.0 Lollipop (API 21)
 Android 5.1 Lollipop (API 22)
 Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API 23)
 Android 7.0 Nougat (API 24)
 Android 7.1 Nougat (API 25)
 Android 8.0 Oreo (API 26)
 Android 8.1 Oreo (API 27)
 Android 9.0 Pie (API 28) [2,3]

16. [3]

17. References
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)
2. https://www.android.com/history
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history

18. Thank You