The document discusses mobile operating systems and Android application development. It provides an overview of mobile OS characteristics like multitasking and power management. Current mobile OSs mentioned include Android, iOS, Blackberry and Windows Mobile. Android is described as being developed by Google based on Linux, using Java and a Dalvik virtual machine. The Android software stack is explained, including its applications, framework, libraries and runtime. Tools for Android app development in Eclipse and Android Studio are also listed.

1. Mobile Application Development
Android

2. Mobile operating system (Mobile OS) is the operating
system that controls a smart phone, tablet, personal
digital assistant (PDA) or other mobile device.
Modern mobile OSs are enabled with touch screen,
cellular, Blue tooth, WiFi, GPS, camera, video camera,
speech recognition, voice recorder, music player, near
field communication, PDA etc.
Introduction
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3.  Multitasking system – ability to run multiple
applications simultaneously, respond to asynchronous
events
 Memory protection – secure environment for running
applications without compromising user privacy and
data security
 Power conscious
 Extensible – can run third party applications
 Support for wide variety of communication channels
Characteristics of Mobile Operating System
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4.  Symbian
 Blackberry
 iOS
 Windows Mobile
 Palm (Garnet)
 Android etc.
Current Mobile Operating Systems
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7.  Procured and developed by Google, based on Linux OS,
promoted by Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
 Multitasking
 Dalvik VM for running applications
 Java development using Android class libraries
 Limited native development support in C/C++
• GSM/EDGE, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi
support
• H.263, H.264 (3GP/MP4), MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB
(3GP), AAC, HE-AAC (MP4/3GP), MP3, MIDI, OGG
Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP
• Touch-screen, GPS, accelerometer, magnetometer,
accelerated 2D and 3D graphics (OpenGL ES 1.0)
• SQLite for data storage
Android Highlights
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8. Android Software Stack
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9. Applications
• Web Browser (WebKit based)
• E-mail client (can talk to gmail)
• SMS management application
• PIM suite – Calendar and contact list (tightly
integrated to Google’s online services)
• Full featured mobile Google maps application
• An Instant Messaging client
• A music player and picture viewer
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10. Android Software Stack
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11. Application Framework
• Software framework that is used to develop a
standard structure of an application
• Classes that are used to create Android applications
• Provides generic abstraction for accessing
hardware, managing the user interface and
application resources
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12. Android Software Stack
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13. Libraries
• Written in C/C++
 called using Java interface
• Libraries include
 Surface Manager (for composing windows)
 FreeType – Support for bitmap and vector font rendering
 2D and 3D graphics (Scalable Graphics Library and OpenGL)
 Media Codecs like MP3 and MPEG-4
 SQL database – SQLite
 Web browser engine WebKit
 libc – standard c library optimized for Linux based embedded
devices
 SSL – Support for using Secure Socket Layer
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14. Android Runtime
• Core Libraries (Core Java packages that are used to
create applications)
 Google’s Android specific packages
 Currently closed source – Google has committed to make it
open-source
 Java packages that are part of Java Standard Edition 5
specification
 Google gets them from Apache Harmony project
 Licensed under Apache Software Foundation License
Version 2
• Dalvik Virtual Machine
 Interpreter optimized for low-power and low-memory devices
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15. Android Software Stack
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16. Dalvik Virtual Machine
• Dalvik is the runtime that runs user-space Android
applications
• Runs Dalvik byte-code instructions (not java byte-code)
• Each Android application runs in its own process, with
its own instance of the Dalvik Virtual Machine
• Dalvik has been written so that a device can run multiple
Virtual Machines efficiently
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17. • Dalvik Virtual machine
 Executes the Dalvik Executable (dex) format
 .dex format is optimized for minimal memory
print
 compilation
 Relies on Linux kernel for
 Threading
 Low-level memory management
Dalvik Virtual Machine (Continued)
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18. Android Application Development Tools
Java Eclipse
http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/
Android SDK
http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
ADT Plug-in for Eclipse
http://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.html
(OR)
Android Studio
https://developer.android.com/studio/
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19. Platform Code Name Level
Android 1.0 Base 1
Android 1.1 Base 11 2
Android 1.5 Cupcake 3
Android 1.6 Donut 4
Android 2.0 Eclair 5
Android 2.0.1 Eclair 01 6
Android 2.1 Eclair MR1 7
Android 2.2 Froyo 8
Android 2.3 - 2.3.2 Ginger Bread 9
Android 2.3.3 - 2.3.7 Ginger Bread MR1 10
Android 3.0 Honeycomb 11
Android 3.1 Honeycomb MR1 12
Android 3.2 Honeycomb MR2 13
Android 4.0 – 4.0.2 Ice Cream Sandwich 14
Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich MR1 15
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20. Platform Code Name Level
Android 4.1 Jelly Bean 16
Android 4.2 Jelly Bean 17
Android 4.3 Jelly Bean 18
Android 4.4 KitKat 19
Android 5.0 Lollipop 21
Android 5.1 Lollipop 22
Android 6.0 Marshmallow 23
Android 7.0 Nougat 24
Android 8.0 Oreo 26
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23. • android: contains the resource classes used by standard
Android applications.
• android.content: contains classes for accessing and
publishing data on the device.
• android.database.sqlite: contains the SQLite database
management classes that an application would use to manage
its own private database.
• android.graphics: provides low level graphics tools such as
canvases, color filters, points, and rectangles that let you
handle drawing to the screen directly.
• android.location: classes defining Android location-based
and related services.
• android.media: provides classes that manage various media
interfaces in audio and video.
• android.net: classes that help with network access, beyond the
normal java.net.* APIs.
Some important APIs
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24. • android.telephony: provides APIs for monitoring the basic
phone information, such as the network type and connection
state, plus utilities for manipulating phone number strings.
• android.util: provides common utility methods such as
date/time manipulation, base64 encoders and decoders, string
and number conversion methods, and XML utilities.
• android.view: provides classes that expose basic user
interface classes that handle screen layout and interaction
with the user.
• android.webkit: provides tools for browsing the web.
• android.widget: widget package contains (mostly visual) UI
elements to use on application screen.
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25. Thanks
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