This document summarizes and analyzes concepts related to intelligence analysis. It discusses a 2008 book that assesses the state of US intelligence analysis after 9/11 and proposes improvements. It also explains the intelligence cycle of planning, collection, processing, analysis, and dissemination. Additionally, it covers sources of intelligence like OSINT, HUMINT, SIGINT, GEOINT, and MASINT. Key aspects of analysis like denial and deception, the counterintelligence function, and applying the intelligence cycle to competitive business intelligence are also summarized.
Research in Information Security and Information Warfare- The economics, warf...Quinnipiac University
These days, Information Security and Information Warfare are now looked upon as a very important and vital concept among various military organizations. Since the revolution of this concept in military science is viewed as a major reformation regarding the technology utilized; military leaders believe that this technology and more specifically, the information: gives an advantage in military training, strategy, tactics, and organization, leaving no reason to believe otherwise on how technology impacts a nation‟s army. In this research paper, we will examine a deeper understanding of Information Security and Information Warfare; the economics, warfare, features, policies, and even some common technical aspects on why Information Security is so vital to one, to an organization, to a nation.
Research in Information Security and Information Warfare- The economics, warf...Quinnipiac University
These days, Information Security and Information Warfare are now looked upon as a very important and vital concept among various military organizations. Since the revolution of this concept in military science is viewed as a major reformation regarding the technology utilized; military leaders believe that this technology and more specifically, the information: gives an advantage in military training, strategy, tactics, and organization, leaving no reason to believe otherwise on how technology impacts a nation‟s army. In this research paper, we will examine a deeper understanding of Information Security and Information Warfare; the economics, warfare, features, policies, and even some common technical aspects on why Information Security is so vital to one, to an organization, to a nation.
Analysis and ProductionInformation collected in the previous ste.docxnettletondevon
Analysis and Production
Information collected in the previous steps will be analyzed, validated, and fused into intelligence in the analysis process to be included into finished intelligence products. Analysis is defined by the ODNI as “The process by which information is transformed into intelligence; a systematic examination of information to identify significant facts, make judgments, and draw conclusions.” (ODNI, 2013) This transformation occurs when All-Source Analysts use all the Single Source INTs to create a fused intelligence product.
Single Source INT
We learned about “Single Source INTs” in Module three and they are HUMINT, SIGINT, GEOINT, OSINT, and MASINT. They are referred to as single source because they are derived from a single type of INT. You may hear of a single source SIGINT analyst, who is an expert in signals intelligence collection, or a single source IMINT analyst, who is an expert in imagery intelligence collection.
All-Source INT
The All-Source Analyst is not an expert in collection of the single sources, but is instead an expert in a region or intelligence function (terrorism, counter-drug, crime, etc.) that is the consumer of the raw single source information from all INTs. Analysts receive incoming information, evaluate it, test it against other information and against their personal knowledge and expertise, produce an assessment of the current status of a particular area under analysis, and then forecast future trends or outcomes. The analyst also develops requirements for the collection of new information. (ODNI, 2013) The All-Source Analyst will learn through experience to validate information using multiple INTs to confirm information collected through a single source INT. For example, if information is collected from a HUMINT source, the All-Source Analyst will look for another HUMINT source to collaborate that information or possibly validate the original HUMINT source through SIGINT sources.
Validation
Validation is important to also counter an adversary’s attempts to conduct deception; however, the well-organized adversary will release multiple pieces of information through various INTs to mislead All-Source Analysts. A good adversarial deception plan will not only allow deceptive pieces of information to be collected to attempt to fool our intelligence analysts, but will also play into an analyst’s bias. The common biases of an analyst are mirror imaging (thinking the adversary will act the same way Americans do), cry-wolf syndrome (conducting an action multiple times so that when the adversary truly intends to act, our analysts do not take it seriously), and mission-creep/new normal (an adversary slowly changes tactics so that our analysts do not suspect nefarious activities).
It is important for All-Source Analysts to be confident in their assessments,
but they should be wary of overconfidence
Many think that the job of an intelligence analyst is to predict the future. In fact, many early analytic.
· One pageThe Secret Universe of the CellDocumentary - The Hid.docxoswald1horne84988
· One page
The Secret Universe of the Cell
Documentary - The Hidden Life of the Cell- https://youtu.be/SoIP1_fbNpI
• Create a document with 10 bullet point notes
Explain- 10 things you learned or find fascinating about
•The microscopic universe of the cell
•The complexity of cellular life and how it continues to evolve
•The epic battle between cells and viruses
Explain- Why human diversity & biodiversity in general is a vitally important factor in this ongoing battle between viruses and cells.
By now you should have a strong understanding of the history of intelligence in the U.S.; how the intelligence community functions; how intelligence is produced; and the role of local, state and the federal governments in intelligence activities. But, you may still be wondering where does all the information that these entities collect actually come from. And, just as importantly, how is this information obtained.
In lesson three, we learned about the intelligence process and used the Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA’s) five-phase cycle to examine the various steps. As you recall, in the process, phase two is the collection phase. We briefly also identified and defined the six basic sources of information. These are referred to as “intelligence collection disciples” or the “INTs”
1. Human Intelligence (HUMINT)
2. Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) derived from all communications intelligence (COMINT), electronic intelligence (ELINT), or foreign instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT).
3. Imagery Intelligence (IMINT)
4. Measurement and Signatures Intelligence (MASINT)
5. Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT)
6. Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT)
These six disciplines are the sources of all the information that is collected to produce intelligence products. Remember, it is a bit of a misperception that secret “movie-like” missions collect all information. While it is true that some is indeed collected in the more classic “spy” type way; a great deal of information is collected by looking at sources that everyone can access.
For the purposes of this class, we will use the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI’s) explanations of the first five INTs, which include a high level discussion of which members of the IC use the those INTs. The description of the last INT, GEOINT, remains the same as lesson three and is provided by the CIA.
Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is the collection of information from human sources. The collection may be done openly. For example: when FBI agents interview witnesses or suspects, or it may be done through clandestine or covert means (espionage). Within the United States, HUMINT collection is the FBI’s responsibility. Beyond U.S. borders, HUMINT is generally collected by the CIA, but also by other U.S. components abroad.
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to electronic transmissions that can be collected by ships, planes, ground sites, or satellites. Communications Intelligence (COMINT) is a type of SIGINT and refers to the.
Intelligence Analytics eBook: How DHS & the DOD are Leveraging Intelligence A...Elizabeth Mixson
Download here >> https://www.homelandsecurityweek.com/downloads/intelligence-analytics-ebook-how-dhs-the-dod-are-leveraging-intelligence-analytics-to-protect-the-homeland
How is the US Government, from the military to DHS to law enforcement agencies, leveraging intelligent analytics to strengthen national security? Find out in our comprehensive e-book that covers key intelligence analytics budget priorities for the year ahead as well as 3+ case studies on how streamlining analytics and integrating systems will optimize your ability to process, utilize and circulate intelligence.
Chapter 11Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence CommunityG.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 11
Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence Community
Good writers are those who keep the language efficient. That is to say, keep it accurate, keep it clear.
Ezra Pound
Be sincere; be brief; be seated.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, on speechmaking
Chapter Objectives
1. Explain the “bottom line up front” style used by the intelligence community (IC) and demonstrate familiarity with its use.
2. Be familiar with written IC products (e.g., National Intelligence Estimates, President’s Daily Brief).
3. Understand and apply the writing techniques used in the IC (clarity, precision, parsimony).
4. Understand the fundamentals of grammar and structure necessary for clear, concise writing.
5. Describe the fundamentals of briefing as applied in the IC.
6. Demonstrate the ability to deliver a sound public speech.
Introduction
Typical intelligence analysts perform the following functions on a daily basis: they review and analyze raw intelligence, draftassessments, and disseminate those assessments to policymakers as written products and through oral briefings. This chapter will describe the various written products produced by the IC and discuss how intelligence analysts write for and brief policymakers.
Writing
A brochure about the Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) Sherman Kent School described the Directorate of Analysis’s approach to writing, stating “[Agency] writing style emphasizes the bottom line up front, precise and concise language, and a clear articulation of our judgments and our confidence in them” (Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 2004).
This description captures the essence of what intelligence analysts do: they write for busy policymakers and provide them with products about complex subjects that are easy to read and comprehend.
What distinguishes good intelligence writing? Well-written intelligence products are concise and logical, both in reasoning and structure. They create clear judgments and conclusions about complex and ambiguous information that decision-makers can easily absorb. Good intelligence meets the audiences’ needs and provides decision-makers with what they need to know. Amid a sea of intelligence products, good intelligence writing draws the attention of supervisors and busy decision-makers and informs or persuades them. Intelligence reports tell policymakers what threatens the country— whether it is something monumental, such as a natural disaster, civil unrest, or another state’s aggressive actions, or something less urgent, such as in-depth reports detailing current situations around the world. Theoretically, policymakers need to read what intelligence analysts write in order to make decisions; analysts need only write something that can be easily read and understood that addresses a policymaker’s concerns. Though the concept behind intelligence writing is simple, the art of writing such products, and disseminating them to policymakers, takes skill and practice.
Types of Intelligence Writing
Much of intelli ...
Chapter 11Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence CommunityG.docxbartholomeocoombs
Chapter 11
Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence Community
Good writers are those who keep the language efficient. That is to say, keep it accurate, keep it clear.
Ezra Pound
Be sincere; be brief; be seated.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, on speechmaking
Chapter Objectives
1. Explain the “bottom line up front” style used by the intelligence community (IC) and demonstrate familiarity with its use.
2. Be familiar with written IC products (e.g., National Intelligence Estimates, President’s Daily Brief).
3. Understand and apply the writing techniques used in the IC (clarity, precision, parsimony).
4. Understand the fundamentals of grammar and structure necessary for clear, concise writing.
5. Describe the fundamentals of briefing as applied in the IC.
6. Demonstrate the ability to deliver a sound public speech.
Introduction
Typical intelligence analysts perform the following functions on a daily basis: they review and analyze raw intelligence, draftassessments, and disseminate those assessments to policymakers as written products and through oral briefings. This chapter will describe the various written products produced by the IC and discuss how intelligence analysts write for and brief policymakers.
Writing
A brochure about the Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) Sherman Kent School described the Directorate of Analysis’s approach to writing, stating “[Agency] writing style emphasizes the bottom line up front, precise and concise language, and a clear articulation of our judgments and our confidence in them” (Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 2004).
This description captures the essence of what intelligence analysts do: they write for busy policymakers and provide them with products about complex subjects that are easy to read and comprehend.
What distinguishes good intelligence writing? Well-written intelligence products are concise and logical, both in reasoning and structure. They create clear judgments and conclusions about complex and ambiguous information that decision-makers can easily absorb. Good intelligence meets the audiences’ needs and provides decision-makers with what they need to know. Amid a sea of intelligence products, good intelligence writing draws the attention of supervisors and busy decision-makers and informs or persuades them. Intelligence reports tell policymakers what threatens the country— whether it is something monumental, such as a natural disaster, civil unrest, or another state’s aggressive actions, or something less urgent, such as in-depth reports detailing current situations around the world. Theoretically, policymakers need to read what intelligence analysts write in order to make decisions; analysts need only write something that can be easily read and understood that addresses a policymaker’s concerns. Though the concept behind intelligence writing is simple, the art of writing such products, and disseminating them to policymakers, takes skill and practice.
Types of Intelligence Writing
Much of intelli.
The analysts are in the field of "knowledge". Intelligence refers to knowledge and the types of problems addressed are knowledge problems. So, we need a concept of work based on knowledge. We need a basic understanding of what we know and how we know, what we do not know, and even what can be known and what is not known. The analysis should provide a useful basis for conceptualizing intelligence functions, of which the most important are "estimation" and "prediction". The intelligence itself, in its basic form, has a decision-making function. Intelligence analysis applies individual and collective cognitive methods to assess data and test assumptions in a secret socio-cultural context.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25298.40646
Intelligence careers whitepaper student career resourcesLauren Harrison
Whitepaper Slideshow by Henley-Putnam University. Visit http://www.henley-putnam.edu/student-resources/job-resources/job-resources.aspx for more student career resources.
Analysis and ProductionInformation collected in the previous ste.docxnettletondevon
Analysis and Production
Information collected in the previous steps will be analyzed, validated, and fused into intelligence in the analysis process to be included into finished intelligence products. Analysis is defined by the ODNI as “The process by which information is transformed into intelligence; a systematic examination of information to identify significant facts, make judgments, and draw conclusions.” (ODNI, 2013) This transformation occurs when All-Source Analysts use all the Single Source INTs to create a fused intelligence product.
Single Source INT
We learned about “Single Source INTs” in Module three and they are HUMINT, SIGINT, GEOINT, OSINT, and MASINT. They are referred to as single source because they are derived from a single type of INT. You may hear of a single source SIGINT analyst, who is an expert in signals intelligence collection, or a single source IMINT analyst, who is an expert in imagery intelligence collection.
All-Source INT
The All-Source Analyst is not an expert in collection of the single sources, but is instead an expert in a region or intelligence function (terrorism, counter-drug, crime, etc.) that is the consumer of the raw single source information from all INTs. Analysts receive incoming information, evaluate it, test it against other information and against their personal knowledge and expertise, produce an assessment of the current status of a particular area under analysis, and then forecast future trends or outcomes. The analyst also develops requirements for the collection of new information. (ODNI, 2013) The All-Source Analyst will learn through experience to validate information using multiple INTs to confirm information collected through a single source INT. For example, if information is collected from a HUMINT source, the All-Source Analyst will look for another HUMINT source to collaborate that information or possibly validate the original HUMINT source through SIGINT sources.
Validation
Validation is important to also counter an adversary’s attempts to conduct deception; however, the well-organized adversary will release multiple pieces of information through various INTs to mislead All-Source Analysts. A good adversarial deception plan will not only allow deceptive pieces of information to be collected to attempt to fool our intelligence analysts, but will also play into an analyst’s bias. The common biases of an analyst are mirror imaging (thinking the adversary will act the same way Americans do), cry-wolf syndrome (conducting an action multiple times so that when the adversary truly intends to act, our analysts do not take it seriously), and mission-creep/new normal (an adversary slowly changes tactics so that our analysts do not suspect nefarious activities).
It is important for All-Source Analysts to be confident in their assessments,
but they should be wary of overconfidence
Many think that the job of an intelligence analyst is to predict the future. In fact, many early analytic.
· One pageThe Secret Universe of the CellDocumentary - The Hid.docxoswald1horne84988
· One page
The Secret Universe of the Cell
Documentary - The Hidden Life of the Cell- https://youtu.be/SoIP1_fbNpI
• Create a document with 10 bullet point notes
Explain- 10 things you learned or find fascinating about
•The microscopic universe of the cell
•The complexity of cellular life and how it continues to evolve
•The epic battle between cells and viruses
Explain- Why human diversity & biodiversity in general is a vitally important factor in this ongoing battle between viruses and cells.
By now you should have a strong understanding of the history of intelligence in the U.S.; how the intelligence community functions; how intelligence is produced; and the role of local, state and the federal governments in intelligence activities. But, you may still be wondering where does all the information that these entities collect actually come from. And, just as importantly, how is this information obtained.
In lesson three, we learned about the intelligence process and used the Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA’s) five-phase cycle to examine the various steps. As you recall, in the process, phase two is the collection phase. We briefly also identified and defined the six basic sources of information. These are referred to as “intelligence collection disciples” or the “INTs”
1. Human Intelligence (HUMINT)
2. Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) derived from all communications intelligence (COMINT), electronic intelligence (ELINT), or foreign instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT).
3. Imagery Intelligence (IMINT)
4. Measurement and Signatures Intelligence (MASINT)
5. Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT)
6. Geospatial intelligence (GEOINT)
These six disciplines are the sources of all the information that is collected to produce intelligence products. Remember, it is a bit of a misperception that secret “movie-like” missions collect all information. While it is true that some is indeed collected in the more classic “spy” type way; a great deal of information is collected by looking at sources that everyone can access.
For the purposes of this class, we will use the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI’s) explanations of the first five INTs, which include a high level discussion of which members of the IC use the those INTs. The description of the last INT, GEOINT, remains the same as lesson three and is provided by the CIA.
Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is the collection of information from human sources. The collection may be done openly. For example: when FBI agents interview witnesses or suspects, or it may be done through clandestine or covert means (espionage). Within the United States, HUMINT collection is the FBI’s responsibility. Beyond U.S. borders, HUMINT is generally collected by the CIA, but also by other U.S. components abroad.
Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to electronic transmissions that can be collected by ships, planes, ground sites, or satellites. Communications Intelligence (COMINT) is a type of SIGINT and refers to the.
Intelligence Analytics eBook: How DHS & the DOD are Leveraging Intelligence A...Elizabeth Mixson
Download here >> https://www.homelandsecurityweek.com/downloads/intelligence-analytics-ebook-how-dhs-the-dod-are-leveraging-intelligence-analytics-to-protect-the-homeland
How is the US Government, from the military to DHS to law enforcement agencies, leveraging intelligent analytics to strengthen national security? Find out in our comprehensive e-book that covers key intelligence analytics budget priorities for the year ahead as well as 3+ case studies on how streamlining analytics and integrating systems will optimize your ability to process, utilize and circulate intelligence.
Chapter 11Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence CommunityG.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 11
Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence Community
Good writers are those who keep the language efficient. That is to say, keep it accurate, keep it clear.
Ezra Pound
Be sincere; be brief; be seated.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, on speechmaking
Chapter Objectives
1. Explain the “bottom line up front” style used by the intelligence community (IC) and demonstrate familiarity with its use.
2. Be familiar with written IC products (e.g., National Intelligence Estimates, President’s Daily Brief).
3. Understand and apply the writing techniques used in the IC (clarity, precision, parsimony).
4. Understand the fundamentals of grammar and structure necessary for clear, concise writing.
5. Describe the fundamentals of briefing as applied in the IC.
6. Demonstrate the ability to deliver a sound public speech.
Introduction
Typical intelligence analysts perform the following functions on a daily basis: they review and analyze raw intelligence, draftassessments, and disseminate those assessments to policymakers as written products and through oral briefings. This chapter will describe the various written products produced by the IC and discuss how intelligence analysts write for and brief policymakers.
Writing
A brochure about the Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) Sherman Kent School described the Directorate of Analysis’s approach to writing, stating “[Agency] writing style emphasizes the bottom line up front, precise and concise language, and a clear articulation of our judgments and our confidence in them” (Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 2004).
This description captures the essence of what intelligence analysts do: they write for busy policymakers and provide them with products about complex subjects that are easy to read and comprehend.
What distinguishes good intelligence writing? Well-written intelligence products are concise and logical, both in reasoning and structure. They create clear judgments and conclusions about complex and ambiguous information that decision-makers can easily absorb. Good intelligence meets the audiences’ needs and provides decision-makers with what they need to know. Amid a sea of intelligence products, good intelligence writing draws the attention of supervisors and busy decision-makers and informs or persuades them. Intelligence reports tell policymakers what threatens the country— whether it is something monumental, such as a natural disaster, civil unrest, or another state’s aggressive actions, or something less urgent, such as in-depth reports detailing current situations around the world. Theoretically, policymakers need to read what intelligence analysts write in order to make decisions; analysts need only write something that can be easily read and understood that addresses a policymaker’s concerns. Though the concept behind intelligence writing is simple, the art of writing such products, and disseminating them to policymakers, takes skill and practice.
Types of Intelligence Writing
Much of intelli ...
Chapter 11Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence CommunityG.docxbartholomeocoombs
Chapter 11
Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence Community
Good writers are those who keep the language efficient. That is to say, keep it accurate, keep it clear.
Ezra Pound
Be sincere; be brief; be seated.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, on speechmaking
Chapter Objectives
1. Explain the “bottom line up front” style used by the intelligence community (IC) and demonstrate familiarity with its use.
2. Be familiar with written IC products (e.g., National Intelligence Estimates, President’s Daily Brief).
3. Understand and apply the writing techniques used in the IC (clarity, precision, parsimony).
4. Understand the fundamentals of grammar and structure necessary for clear, concise writing.
5. Describe the fundamentals of briefing as applied in the IC.
6. Demonstrate the ability to deliver a sound public speech.
Introduction
Typical intelligence analysts perform the following functions on a daily basis: they review and analyze raw intelligence, draftassessments, and disseminate those assessments to policymakers as written products and through oral briefings. This chapter will describe the various written products produced by the IC and discuss how intelligence analysts write for and brief policymakers.
Writing
A brochure about the Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) Sherman Kent School described the Directorate of Analysis’s approach to writing, stating “[Agency] writing style emphasizes the bottom line up front, precise and concise language, and a clear articulation of our judgments and our confidence in them” (Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 2004).
This description captures the essence of what intelligence analysts do: they write for busy policymakers and provide them with products about complex subjects that are easy to read and comprehend.
What distinguishes good intelligence writing? Well-written intelligence products are concise and logical, both in reasoning and structure. They create clear judgments and conclusions about complex and ambiguous information that decision-makers can easily absorb. Good intelligence meets the audiences’ needs and provides decision-makers with what they need to know. Amid a sea of intelligence products, good intelligence writing draws the attention of supervisors and busy decision-makers and informs or persuades them. Intelligence reports tell policymakers what threatens the country— whether it is something monumental, such as a natural disaster, civil unrest, or another state’s aggressive actions, or something less urgent, such as in-depth reports detailing current situations around the world. Theoretically, policymakers need to read what intelligence analysts write in order to make decisions; analysts need only write something that can be easily read and understood that addresses a policymaker’s concerns. Though the concept behind intelligence writing is simple, the art of writing such products, and disseminating them to policymakers, takes skill and practice.
Types of Intelligence Writing
Much of intelli.
The analysts are in the field of "knowledge". Intelligence refers to knowledge and the types of problems addressed are knowledge problems. So, we need a concept of work based on knowledge. We need a basic understanding of what we know and how we know, what we do not know, and even what can be known and what is not known. The analysis should provide a useful basis for conceptualizing intelligence functions, of which the most important are "estimation" and "prediction". The intelligence itself, in its basic form, has a decision-making function. Intelligence analysis applies individual and collective cognitive methods to assess data and test assumptions in a secret socio-cultural context.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25298.40646
Intelligence careers whitepaper student career resourcesLauren Harrison
Whitepaper Slideshow by Henley-Putnam University. Visit http://www.henley-putnam.edu/student-resources/job-resources/job-resources.aspx for more student career resources.
Expocomm 2009 Diez Estrategias De Bi Del 25 Feb 2009
Analyzing Intelligence
1. Ing. PMP Héctor Franco hfrancob@tbii.org.mx INTELLIGENCE AnalizingIntelligence ***** 2010
2. AnalyzingIntelligence Analyzing Intelligence: Origins, Obstacles, and Innovations is a 2008 book by editors Roger Z. George, James B. Bruce and multiple contributors who are experts in the field of Intelligence Analysis. The book, which is listed on the Central Intelligence Agency's suggested reading list, [1] provides the first full assessment on the state of U.S. intelligence analysis since 9/11, and offers proposals for improved analytical methods, training, and structured approaches, according to Georgetown University Press. [2] The authors argue intelligence analysis should become its own "professional discipline", and should incorporate rigorous analytic methodologies, increase training and education throughout the intelligence enterprise, and embrace collaborative tools like Intellipedia, a wiki used by the United States government.
3. TheIntelligenceCycle The Intelligence Cycle is the process of developing raw information into finished intelligence for policymakers to use in decisionmaking and action. There are five steps which constitute the Intelligence Cycle.
4. 1. Planning and Direction This is management of the entire effort, from identifying the need for data to delivering an intelligence product to a consumer. It is the beginning and the end of the cycle--the beginning because it involves drawing up specific collection requirements and the end because finished intelligence, which supports policy decisions, generates new requirements. The whole process depends on guidance from public officials. Policymakers--the President, his aides, the National Security Council, and other major departments and agencies of government--initiate requests for intelligence.
5. 2. Collection ...is the gathering of the raw information needed to produce finished intelligence. There are many sources of information including open sources such as foreign broadcasts, newspapers, periodicals, and books. Open source reporting is integral to CIA's analytical capabilities. There are also secret sources of information. CIA's operations officers collect such information from agents abroad and from defectors who provide information obtainable in no other way. Finally, technical collection--electronics and satellite photography--plays an indispensable role in modern intelligence, such as monitoring arms control agreements and providing direct support to military forces.
6. 3. Processing ...involves converting the vast amount of information collected to a form usable by analysts through decryption, language translations, and data reduction.
7. 4. Analysis and Production ...is the conversion of basic information into finished intelligence. It includes integrating, evaluating, and analyzing all available data--which is often fragmentary and even contradictory--and preparing intelligence products. Analysts, who are subject-matter specialists, consider the information's reliability, validity, and relevance. They integrate data into a coherent whole, put the evaluated information in context, and produce finished intelligence that includes assessments of events and judgments about the implications of the information for the United States.
8. 4. Analysis and Production The CIA devotes the bulk of its resources to providing strategic intelligence to policymakers. It performs this important function by monitoring events, warning decisionmakers about threats to the United States, and forecasting developments. The subjects involved may concern different regions, problems, or personalities in various contexts--political, geographic, economic, military, scientific, or biographic. Current events, capabilities, and future trends are examined.
9. 4. Analysis and Production The CIA produces numerous written reports, which may be brief--one page or less--or lengthy studies. They may involve current intelligence, which is of immediate importance, or long-range assessments. The Agency presents some finished intelligence in oral briefings. The CIA also participates in the drafting and production of National Intelligence Estimates, which reflect the collective judgments of the Intelligence Community.
10. 5. Dissemination The last step, which logically feeds into the first, is the distribution of the finished intelligence to the consumers, the same policymakers whose needs initiated the intelligence requirements. Finished intelligence is hand-carried daily to the President and key national security advisers. The policymakers, the recipients of finished intelligence, then make decisions based on the information, and these decisions may lead to the levying of more requirements, thus triggering the Intelligence Cycle.
13. Sources of Intelligence OSINT (Open Source Intelligence) is publicly available information appearing in print or electronic forms, including radio, television, newspapers, journals, the Internet, commercial databases, videos, graphics, and drawings. 1 These definitions are intended to be educational in nature and should not be construed as legal definitions.
14. Sources of Intelligence HUMINT (Human Intelligence) is intelligence derived from information collected and provided by human sources. This intelligence includes overt data collected by personnel in diplomatic and consular posts, as well as otherwise unobtainable information collected via clandestine sources of information, debriefings of foreign nationals and U.S. citizens who travel abroad, official contacts with foreign governments, and direct observation. 1 These definitions are intended to be educational in nature and should not be construed as legal definitions.
15. Sources of Intelligence SIGINT (SignalsIntelligence) isinformationgatheredfrom data transmissions, includingcommunicationsintelligence (COMINT), electronicintelligence (ELINT), and foreigninstrumentationsignalsintelligence (FISINT). 1 These definitions are intended to be educational in nature and should not be construed as legal definitions.
16. Sources of Intelligence GEOINT (Geospatial Intelligence) is information describing, visually depicting, and accurately locating physical features and human activities on the Earth. Examples of GEOINT products include imagery, analyses, maps, and navigation charts. Imagery intelligence (IMINT) is a subset of GEOINT. 1 These definitions are intended to be educational in nature and should not be construed as legal definitions.
17. Sources of Intelligence MASINT (Measurement and Signature Intelligence) is information produced by quantitative and qualitative analysis of physical attributes of targets and events in order to characterize and identify them. 1 These definitions are intended to be educational in nature and should not be construed as legal definitions.
19. Denial & Deception: AnalyticalImperatives DENIALreferstoactivities and programsdesignedtoeliminate, impair, degrade, orneutralizetheeffectiveness of intelligencecollectionwithin and acrossanyorallcollection disciplines, human and technical «Negación»
20. Denial & Deception: AnalyticalImperatives DECEPTIONreferstomanipulation of intelligencecollection, analysis, orpublicopinionbyintroducing false, misleading, oreven true, buttailored, informationintointelligencechannelswiththeintent of influencingjudgementsmadebyintelligenceproducers, and theconsumer of theirproducts. «Engaño»
33. Contrainteligencia Entendemos CI como la información recogida sobre las actividades de inteligencia del adversario y la capacidad de desenmascarar y neutralizar es esfuerzos. Esto pude incluir distintas acciones encaminadas a prevenir y neutralizar actividades que atenten contra la seguridad nacional.
34. The Data Challenge Intellipedia es una red de tres wikis internas de las redes estadounidenses de acceso restringido JWICS, SIPRNete Intelink-Uusadas por 16 agencias de inteligencia de los Estados Unidos. Esta red no es de acceso público
35. WhatisPublicInformation? 80-90 % of information in public domain Public: ‘all information you can legally and ethically identify, locate and then access’ (McGonagleJr. and Vella) Informationcosts: 80/10/10 split(Larry Kahaner)
36. CompetitiveIntelligence ‘Strategies to transfer market share profitably’ (Ian Gordon) ‘Fine-tuning your business planning process’ (John McGonagleJr. and Carolyn Vella) ‘Highly specific and timely information about a corporation’(Leonard M. Fuld)
38. TheIntelligenceCycle Developed by Jan Herring from CIA collections and analysis techniques: –NeedsAssessment –Plan research and collection methods/tools –Data collection/evaluation from public sources –Informationanalysis –Actionable intelligence presented to audience (decision-makers and policymakers)
39. IntelligenceCycle I: NeedsAssessment •Scan business and market context •Decide on Key Intelligence Topics (KITs) •Who is your final audience? •Rankings: –Likertscale (1 to 5) –Reliability index (Kirk Tyson) –Information attributes (Brett Breeding) •Shallowness, credibility, timeliness and focus
40. IntelligenceCycle II: PlanningResearch •Plan researchtools & diagnosticscorecards •Identify data requirements and sources •Decide onscanningframe •Pre-test for personal and toolblind-spots •Teamcapabilities and cognitivestyles (MBTI, Spiral Dynamics®, McQuaig, Enneagram, MultipleIntelligences)
41. IntelligenceCycle III: Data Collection & Evaluation Collect data from published and non-published sources •Interview experts •Data sufficiency and evaluation: –Check facts •‘Relevance, truth-value, understandability, sufficiency, significance and timeliness’ (Ben Gilad) –Resolve the inconsistencies –What are the key drivers and factors that will influence the context and situation? (Pareto’s 80/20 principle)
42. IntelligenceCycle IV: InformationAnalysis Filtering data and storage (ChunWeiChoo) •‘Chunk’ data intocategories and hypotheses –Blind-spots, cross-impacts and wild cards –Debate meanings –Questionassumptions –Look for disconfirmingevidence –Allow for dissentingviews •Identify and recognizeemergingpatterns
43. IntelligenceCycle V: Dissemination Intelligence outputs are contextual, time-specific and actionable •‘Timeliness, accuracy and reliable’ (John Prescott and Patrick Gibbons) •Must meet the need of the consumer –Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) for different sensory modalities –Delivered even if ‘bad news’ •Links to ‘swarm intelligence’, emergence and intelligence augmentation (IA).
44. BI and Professional Ethics Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals (SCIP) is professional body Economic Espionage Act (1996) in US BI often misunderstood as corporate espionage ‘Litany’ of Hollywood film references
47. Bibliography Journalarticles Allison, Graham T.: “Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis”. The American Political Science Review 63, No.3 (1969): 689-718. Augustini, Jeff: “From Goldfinger to Butterfinger: The Legal and Policy Issues Surrounding Proposals to Use the CIA for Economic Espionage”, Law and Policy in International Business, 26, No. 2 (1995) 459-495. Bell, J. Bowyer: “Toward a Theory of Deception”, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, No.16 (2003), pp. 244-279. Ben, Zvi Abraham: “A conceptual framework for the analysis of surprise attack”, World Politics, XXVIII (April 1976). Betts, Richard K.: “Analysis, War, and Decision: Why Intelligence Failures Are Inevitable”. World Politics, 31, No.1 (1978), pp. 61-89. —: “Surprise Despite Warning: Why Sudden Attacks Succeed”, Political Science Quarterly, 95, No.4 (1980), pp. 551-572. 65 Random, H. A.: “Intelligence as a Science”, Studies in Intelligence (Spring 1958), p. 76. Declassified. UNISCI DISCUSSION PAPERS Enero de 2005 13 Brady, Christopher: “Intelligencefailures –Plus Ca change”, Intelligence and National Books Bar-Joseph, Uri (1995): Intelligence Intervention in the Politics of Democratic States: The United States, Israel, and Britain. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. Berkoviz, Bruce (1989): “The cycle of Intelligence”, in Strategic Intelligence. Princeton, Princeton UniversityPress. Betts Richard (1982): Surprise attack: Lessons for Defence Planning. Washington D.C., The Brookings Institution. — and Manken, Thomas G. (2001): Paradoxes of Strategic Intelligence. Frank Cass. Brecht, Arnold (1959): Political Theory: The Foundations of Twentieth-Century Political Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Dahl, Erik J (2004): Warning of Terror: Explaining the Failure of Intelligence Against Terrorism. The Fletcher School, Tufts University. Davis, James Kirkpatrick (1992): Spying on America: The FBI's Domestic Counterintelligence Program. New York, Praeger. Foerstel, Herbert N (1991): Surveillance in the Stacks: The FBI's Library Awareness Program. New York, GreenwoodPress. Gillespie, Diane (1992): The Mind's We: Contextualism in Cognitive Psychology. Carbondale, IL, Southern Illinois University Press.