The document summarizes key judgments from a National Intelligence Estimate on the terrorist threat to the US homeland over the next three years. It finds that al-Qaeda remains the most serious threat and intends to attack the US. While greater counterterrorism efforts have made the US a harder target, international cooperation may decline and al-Qaeda will try to acquire weapons of mass destruction. It also finds that homegrown terrorism by radicalized individuals in the US may increase, though not as severely as in Europe, and that other terrorist groups like Hezbollah could also attack the US. Emerging threats like increased radicalization online and self-generating terrorist cells will challenge US defenses.
Bangkok Erawan Shrine bombing - updated as of 4 Sep 15Robbie Van Kampen
Our initial report on the Erawan Shrine bombing - a report that was one of first to explore and indicate the true potential connections behind the bombing.
Drivers of Polarized Discussions on Twitter during Venezuela Political CrisisSameera Horawalavithana
Social media activity is driven by real-world events (natural disasters, political unrest, etc.) and by processes within the platform itself (viral content, posts by influentials, etc). Understanding how these different factors affect social media conversations in polarized communities has practical implications, from identifying polarizing users to designing content promotion algorithms that alleviate polarization. Based on two datasets that record real-world events (ACLED and GDELT), we investigate how internal and external factors drive related Twitter activity in the highly polarizing context of the Venezuela’s political crisis from early 2019. Our findings show that antagonistic communities react differently to different exogenous sources depending on the language they tweet. The engagement of influential users within particular topics seem to match the different levels of polarization observed in the networks.
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3447535.3462496
Deriving Intelligence from Open Source InformationAdrianPBTaylor
The flood of Open Source Information requires a change in the way we generate intelligence. At the basic level it requires much more focus on using visualisation, sharing infomration and contextualising it in analysis, but also means much more attention must be paid to the interface with the decision maker. In fact, it calls into question the very basic assumptions of the need for a centralised analytical capability, and really requires distributed cognition networks that generate a society-wide reflection and debate on future risks and opportunities - after all, many of the greatest security risks facing developed nations are not ones that are best fought with tanks and bombs
Bangkok Erawan Shrine bombing - updated as of 4 Sep 15Robbie Van Kampen
Our initial report on the Erawan Shrine bombing - a report that was one of first to explore and indicate the true potential connections behind the bombing.
Drivers of Polarized Discussions on Twitter during Venezuela Political CrisisSameera Horawalavithana
Social media activity is driven by real-world events (natural disasters, political unrest, etc.) and by processes within the platform itself (viral content, posts by influentials, etc). Understanding how these different factors affect social media conversations in polarized communities has practical implications, from identifying polarizing users to designing content promotion algorithms that alleviate polarization. Based on two datasets that record real-world events (ACLED and GDELT), we investigate how internal and external factors drive related Twitter activity in the highly polarizing context of the Venezuela’s political crisis from early 2019. Our findings show that antagonistic communities react differently to different exogenous sources depending on the language they tweet. The engagement of influential users within particular topics seem to match the different levels of polarization observed in the networks.
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3447535.3462496
Deriving Intelligence from Open Source InformationAdrianPBTaylor
The flood of Open Source Information requires a change in the way we generate intelligence. At the basic level it requires much more focus on using visualisation, sharing infomration and contextualising it in analysis, but also means much more attention must be paid to the interface with the decision maker. In fact, it calls into question the very basic assumptions of the need for a centralised analytical capability, and really requires distributed cognition networks that generate a society-wide reflection and debate on future risks and opportunities - after all, many of the greatest security risks facing developed nations are not ones that are best fought with tanks and bombs
Chapter 11Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence CommunityG.docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 11
Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence Community
Good writers are those who keep the language efficient. That is to say, keep it accurate, keep it clear.
Ezra Pound
Be sincere; be brief; be seated.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, on speechmaking
Chapter Objectives
1. Explain the “bottom line up front” style used by the intelligence community (IC) and demonstrate familiarity with its use.
2. Be familiar with written IC products (e.g., National Intelligence Estimates, President’s Daily Brief).
3. Understand and apply the writing techniques used in the IC (clarity, precision, parsimony).
4. Understand the fundamentals of grammar and structure necessary for clear, concise writing.
5. Describe the fundamentals of briefing as applied in the IC.
6. Demonstrate the ability to deliver a sound public speech.
Introduction
Typical intelligence analysts perform the following functions on a daily basis: they review and analyze raw intelligence, draftassessments, and disseminate those assessments to policymakers as written products and through oral briefings. This chapter will describe the various written products produced by the IC and discuss how intelligence analysts write for and brief policymakers.
Writing
A brochure about the Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) Sherman Kent School described the Directorate of Analysis’s approach to writing, stating “[Agency] writing style emphasizes the bottom line up front, precise and concise language, and a clear articulation of our judgments and our confidence in them” (Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 2004).
This description captures the essence of what intelligence analysts do: they write for busy policymakers and provide them with products about complex subjects that are easy to read and comprehend.
What distinguishes good intelligence writing? Well-written intelligence products are concise and logical, both in reasoning and structure. They create clear judgments and conclusions about complex and ambiguous information that decision-makers can easily absorb. Good intelligence meets the audiences’ needs and provides decision-makers with what they need to know. Amid a sea of intelligence products, good intelligence writing draws the attention of supervisors and busy decision-makers and informs or persuades them. Intelligence reports tell policymakers what threatens the country— whether it is something monumental, such as a natural disaster, civil unrest, or another state’s aggressive actions, or something less urgent, such as in-depth reports detailing current situations around the world. Theoretically, policymakers need to read what intelligence analysts write in order to make decisions; analysts need only write something that can be easily read and understood that addresses a policymaker’s concerns. Though the concept behind intelligence writing is simple, the art of writing such products, and disseminating them to policymakers, takes skill and practice.
Types of Intelligence Writing
Much of intelli ...
Chapter 11Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence CommunityG.docxbartholomeocoombs
Chapter 11
Writing and Briefing for the Intelligence Community
Good writers are those who keep the language efficient. That is to say, keep it accurate, keep it clear.
Ezra Pound
Be sincere; be brief; be seated.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, on speechmaking
Chapter Objectives
1. Explain the “bottom line up front” style used by the intelligence community (IC) and demonstrate familiarity with its use.
2. Be familiar with written IC products (e.g., National Intelligence Estimates, President’s Daily Brief).
3. Understand and apply the writing techniques used in the IC (clarity, precision, parsimony).
4. Understand the fundamentals of grammar and structure necessary for clear, concise writing.
5. Describe the fundamentals of briefing as applied in the IC.
6. Demonstrate the ability to deliver a sound public speech.
Introduction
Typical intelligence analysts perform the following functions on a daily basis: they review and analyze raw intelligence, draftassessments, and disseminate those assessments to policymakers as written products and through oral briefings. This chapter will describe the various written products produced by the IC and discuss how intelligence analysts write for and brief policymakers.
Writing
A brochure about the Central Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) Sherman Kent School described the Directorate of Analysis’s approach to writing, stating “[Agency] writing style emphasizes the bottom line up front, precise and concise language, and a clear articulation of our judgments and our confidence in them” (Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 2004).
This description captures the essence of what intelligence analysts do: they write for busy policymakers and provide them with products about complex subjects that are easy to read and comprehend.
What distinguishes good intelligence writing? Well-written intelligence products are concise and logical, both in reasoning and structure. They create clear judgments and conclusions about complex and ambiguous information that decision-makers can easily absorb. Good intelligence meets the audiences’ needs and provides decision-makers with what they need to know. Amid a sea of intelligence products, good intelligence writing draws the attention of supervisors and busy decision-makers and informs or persuades them. Intelligence reports tell policymakers what threatens the country— whether it is something monumental, such as a natural disaster, civil unrest, or another state’s aggressive actions, or something less urgent, such as in-depth reports detailing current situations around the world. Theoretically, policymakers need to read what intelligence analysts write in order to make decisions; analysts need only write something that can be easily read and understood that addresses a policymaker’s concerns. Though the concept behind intelligence writing is simple, the art of writing such products, and disseminating them to policymakers, takes skill and practice.
Types of Intelligence Writing
Much of intelli.
Confrontation or CollaborationCongress and the Intelligen.docxmaxinesmith73660
Confrontation or Collaboration?
Congress and the Intelligence Community
Eric Rosenbach and Aki J. Peritz
Eric Rosenbach and Aki J. Peritz
With contributions from Hope LeBeau, Cynthia Lobosky, Ya’ara Barnoon, Susan Sypko,
David Tohn, Jessica Reitz, Tamara Klajn, Sarah Miller and JP Schnapper-Casteras.
Confrontation or Collaboration?
Congress and the Intelligence Community
The Intelligence and Policy Project
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
John F. Kennedy School of Government
Harvard University
79 JFK Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
Fax: (617)495-8963
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://belfercenter.org
Copyright 2009 President and Fellows of Harvard College
Printed in the United States of America
Design: Tim Duffy
The co-sponsors of this report invite liberal use of the information provided in it for educational
purposes, requiring only that the reproduced material clearly state: Reproduced from
Eric Rosenbach and Aki J. Peritz, Confrontation or Collaboration? Congress and the Intelligence
Community (Cambridge, Mass: The Belfer Center, Harvard University, June 2009).
With contributions from Hope LeBeau, Cynthia Lobosky, Ya’ara Barnoon, Susan Sypko, David
Tohn, Jessica Reitz, Tamara Klajn, Sarah Miller and JP Schnapper-Casteras.
Satellite image by GeoEye.
The Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs | The Harvard Kennedy School �
Dear Friend,
Your work as a lawmaker is one of the toughest and most rewarding jobs in the
country. During the course of your service on Capitol Hill, you will undoubtedly need
to consider legislation and issues relevant to national security and the Intelligence
Community. Your responsibility to oversee the Intelligence Community will not be
easy, but I am confident that you will find extraordinary opportunities to protect and
pursue America’s interests around the globe.
My friends at the Harvard Kennedy School and I strongly believe that an
understanding of the inner architecture of the Intelligence Community will allow
you to serve the country more effectively. The Community’s size and complexity,
however, often confuse and stymie lawmakers attempting to understand
intelligence issues. As the 9/11 Commission Report noted, “Few members of
Congress have the broad knowledge of intelligence activities or the know-how about technologies
employed.”
This briefing book attempts to provide you with the foundation to improve your knowledge
of intelligence issues. The memos in this book give you important basic information about the
Intelligence Community and outline the central issues you will likely encounter during your time
in Congress. Although new and unforeseen challenges will certainly arise during your tenure, the
ideas presented in this book will provide you with a general framework on many of the issues you
will encounter.
I thank you for your service.
Sincerely,
Bob Graham
Table of Contents
Background M.
What are some of the challenges the intelligence community faces i.docxphilipnelson29183
What are some of the challenges the intelligence community faces in supporting the Homeland Security enterprise (such as the balance of civil liberties and security)?
Provide evidence from the weekly readings to support your arguments via APA parenthetical citations.
Other sources (if used at all) must be subordinate to your understanding of the readings presented in the class.
Instructions: Your initial post should be at least 350 words.
Lesson
Introduction
Earlier in this class, you explored several misperceptions about the field of intelligence. Movies and popular literature, along with personal experiences, all contribute to these misunderstandings.
A final misperception about intelligence is that intelligence is only gathered on actors outside the borders of the United States. However, an unfortunate reality is that threats to the United States do not all originate from outside the nation. In fact, many threats to this country come from within its borders.
To guard against the full range of threats, the U.S. must engage in domestic intelligence activities and collect information and intelligence within the country.
However, unlike many countries around the world, the U.S. does not have a dedicated domestic intelligence agency and the many approaches to collection are unique. There is also a strict need to preserve the civil liberties of United States citizens and maintain a critical balance between intelligence transparency and secrecy.
Domestic Intelligence
The United States is very unique in that it does not have a dedicated agency responsible for domestic intelligence. Instead, this mission is part of the overall goal of the IC and is implicitly and explicitly stated in the mission and objectives of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI).
As you learned in earlier lessons, ODNI was established by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. Within that act, very specific authorities were granted to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) that directly support the gathering of domestic intelligence (ODNI 2015).
Authority 1
Ensure that timely and objective national intelligence is provided to the President, the heads of departments and agencies of the Executive Branch, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and senior military commanders, and the Congress.
Authority 2
Establish objectives and priorities for collection, analysis, production, and dissemination of national intelligence.
Authority 3
Ensure maximum availability of and access to intelligence information within the Intelligence Community.
Authority 4
Develop and ensure the execution of an annual budget for the National Intelligence program based on budgetary proposals provided by IC component organizations.
Authority 5
Oversee coordination of relationships with the intelligence or security services of foreign governments and international organizations.
Authority 6
Ensure the most accurate analysis of intelligence is derived f.
Information Sharing, Dot Connecting and Intelligence Failures.docxannettsparrow
Information Sharing, Dot Connecting and Intelligence Failures:
Revisiting Conventional Wisdom
By
Russell Travers
Deputy Director, Information Sharing and Knowledge Development
National Counterterrorism Center
This paper, written in August 2009, was submitted to the Director of National Intelligence
2009 Galileo Awards Program. The Galileo Awards Program is an annual Intelligence
Community-wide competition designed to encourage and recognize innovative workforce
ideas that address current challenges and help shape the future of U.S. Intelligence.
All statements of fact, opinion, or analysis expressed are those of the author and do not
reflect the official positions or views of the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) or
any other U.S. Government agency. Nothing in the contents should be construed as
implying U.S. Government or NCTC endorsement of the author’s views. This material has
been reviewed to prevent the disclosure of classified information.
The year is 2014. The Intelligence Community is ten years into its efforts to
implement the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA). While
change has been evident on many fronts, nothing was more closely identified with
intelligence reform than information sharing; ever since the 9/11 Commission
declared that “the biggest impediment to all-source analysis – to a greater
likelihood of connecting the dots – is the human or systemic resistance to sharing
information”1, the two had been inextricably linked. And while we were pushing
more electrons than ever before, dissatisfaction continued: in 2014, as in 2009,
no analyst in the IC had effective access to all information; analysts in many parts
of the Community complained that they couldn’t get operational traffic or law
enforcement information; we had little ability to do large scale processing of
foreign and domestic data sets; our non Federal partners were still dissatisfied
with the quality of information sharing. A dizzying array of directives had been
issued. Arbitration procedures had been established. And yet organizations
weren’t getting the information they claimed to “need.” Legitimate issues
coexisted with tripe. According to the critics, we still couldn’t connect those dots.
The reality, however, was far more complex: the only question was whether it
took a major intelligence failure to realize that fact.
This is the path we’re on. We will continue to hear claims that information sharing has
“barely improved since 9/11.” Such hyperbole is unmitigated nonsense. The robust sharing of
information between and among the key organizations has undoubtedly contributed to the fact
that we haven’t suffered a major attack. And by any objective standard, the level of sharing
1 The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United
States; U.S. Government Print.
a report of the csis homeland security and counterterrorism.docxevonnehoggarth79783
a report of the csis homeland
security and counterterrorism
program and the csis transnational
threats project
September 2011
1800 K Street, NW | Washington, DC 20006
Tel: (202) 887-0200 | Fax: (202) 775-3199
E-mail: [email protected] | Web: www.csis.org
Project Directors
Rick “Ozzie” Nelson
Thomas M. Sanderson
Project Coordinators
Ben Bodurian
David Gordon
Project Senior Advisers
Arnaud de Borchgrave
Juan C. Zarate
Confronting an Uncertain Threat
the future of al qaeda and associated movements
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ISBN 978-0-89206-667-4
a report of the csis homeland
security and counterterrorism
program and the csis transnational
threats project
Confronting an Uncertain Threat
the future of al qaeda and associated movements
September 2011
Project Directors
Rick “Ozzie” Nelson
Thomas M. Sanderson
Project Coordinators
Ben Bodurian
David Gordon
Project Senior Advisers
Arnaud de Borchgrave
Juan C. Zarate
ii
About CSIS
At a time of new global opportunities and challenges, the Center for Strategic and International
Studies (CSIS) provides strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions to decisionmakers in
government, international institutions, the private sector, and civil society. A bipartisan, nonprofit
organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., CSIS conducts research and analysis and devel-
ops policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change.
Founded by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke at the height of the Cold War, CSIS
was dedicated to finding ways for America to sustain its prominence and prosperity as a force for
good in the world.
Since 1962, CSIS has grown to become one of the world’s preeminent international policy
institutions, with more than 220 full-time staff and a large network of affiliated scholars focused
on defense and security, regional stability, and transnational challenges ranging from energy and
climate to global development and economic integration.
Former U.S. senator Sam Nunn became chairman of the CSIS Board of Trustees in 1999, and
John J. Hamre has led CSIS as its president and chief executive officer since 2000.
CSIS does not take specific policy positions; accordingly, all views expressed herein should be
understood to be solely those of the author(s).
Cover photos: Top—President Barack Obama, Vice President Joe Biden and members of the na-
tional security team, including Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates, far right, Secretary of State
Hillary Rodham Clinton, and Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, standing, chairman of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff, receive an update on the mission against Osama bin Laden in the Situation Room of the
White House, May 1, 2011. A classified document seen in this photograph has been obscured.
White House photo by Pete Souza, http://www.defense.gov/dodcmsshare/homepagepho-
to/2011-05/hires_P050111PS-0210c.jpg. Middle—Map of.
Admiralty scale is referred to as the system that is used to measure the credibility of the source of the information, and reliability of the information gathered. This is taken into consideration so that the intelligence may be able to make viable decision based on the information that has been gained in the investigation. This system usually comprises of two known character notation which are adequately implemented in assessing the source of information reliability and evaluation of the information confidence and accuracy. This system is usually executed by the military enforcement and National Security Intelligence of the NATO member nations and also by the AUSCANZUKUS members. However, analyst also uses this system to evaluate and validate the authentication of the information gathered. This system involves four stages for the information gathered to be assumed reliable and credible this includes evaluation, reliability, credibility and reporting (Beesly, 1989).
BackgroundA significant criminal event may occur at any place an.docxaman341480
Background
A significant criminal event may occur at any place and at any time. The size of the jurisdiction does not dictate the scope and scale of the incident. It is perfectly possible, even predictable, that investigative needs will be beyond the resources and/or sophistication of a local law enforcement agency. In such cases, one option is to expand the resources available through multiagency collaboration and cooperation (e.g., a task force). However, regardless of who or how many investigative resources are brought to bear on an incident, the parent agency remains responsible for the successful outcome of the criminal investigation.
Project Setting
Acting as a subject matter expert on criminal investigation, you have been asked to assist in the creation of a simulation exercise of a multijurisdictional criminal investigation. Some of the preliminary work has already been completed. Your specific task is to compile the post investigation review document (rubric) to be used by exercise assessors in their evaluation of the quality of the criminal investigation. This is what you know:
A series of 11 random explosions have occurred in an area that traverses two states, and a total of seven counties (five counties in one state and two counties in the other state), embracing a total of nine cities and incorporated towns. The explosions resulted in five deaths, 32 injuries, and significant property damage. In each case, the explosion was detonated remotely. The lead investigative agency is the Virtual, Maryland, Police Department, because the first three explosions occurred within its jurisdiction. VPD has about 100 sworn personnel, including 17 all-purpose detective investigators. It has a certified forensic laboratory for rudimentary analysis, staffed by credentialed civilians. Ultimately, two suspects were identified and apprehended, one adult male and one teenage (minor) male. Statements were made by each, resulting in investigative searches and seizures of forensic evidence. Both subjects eventually confessed to their respective and collective parts in the crimes.
Assessors in the simulation exercise will be debriefing the role players as to their actions; their understanding of the legal basis, purpose, and advantages and disadvantages of their investigative strategies; and the conduct of the investigation. The assessors have already come up with a series of questions for the participants. You have been asked to provide the "model" answer against which the responses of the participants will be graded.
Following are the questions to be posed by the simulation exercise assessors to the investigators:
Investigative Task Force
Assuming that legal authority was not an issue, should this investigation be conducted by VPD personnel or a multijurisdictional task force?
At what point should the potential of establishing an investigative task force be considered?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of an investigative task force?
Who, ...
CRJ 570 National Political Convention Project Guidelines .docxfaithxdunce63732
CRJ 570
National Political Convention Project Guidelines
This assignment requires the student to conduct an analysis of Al Qaeda planned and actual
biennial attacks and patterns of operations that coincide with the U.S. national biennial
political campaigns. The analysis anticipates that the terrorist organization desires to carry
out attacks inside America and against Americans, as well as against American interests
abroad.
Your Role and Assignment:
For this project, you will assume the role of an Intelligence Analyst assigned to a State
Fusion Center. A Fusion Center is a collaborative effort of multiple agencies that provide
resources, expertise, and information with the goal of maximizing the ability to detect,
prevent, investigate, and respond to criminal and terrorist activity. Fusion centers conduct
analysis and facilitate information sharing to assist law enforcement and homeland security
partners in preventing, protecting against, and responding to crime and terrorism. State and
major urban area fusion centers serve as primary focal points for the receipt, analysis,
gathering, and sharing of threat-related information among federal, state, local, tribal, and
territorial (SLTT) partners. Fusion centers are located in states and major urban areas
throughout the country and are uniquely situated to enable law enforcement personnel to
gather and share threat-related information.
Given certain trend information, in your intelligence analyst role you have been tasked with
gathering specific information regarding specific past attacks by Al Qaeda. You will note the
majority of listed incidents appear to have occurred during the six months and in the
immediate eight week period preceding the biennial elections. Gathering and collecting
covers the acquisition of raw information through activities such as interviews of confidential
and other sources, surveillances, intercepts, forensics, and liaison relationships. Information
can be gathered from open sources and other more sophisticated sources. You are being
requested to use open sources for this assignment. Open source intelligence is publicly
available and accessible information appearing in electronic or print form and includes radio,
television, newspapers, journals, the internet, commercial databases, drawings, graphics,
and videos. The use of Wikipedia or any other “Wiki” sources are strictly prohibited for this
assignment. Keep in mind that trend analysis does not predict future events but it can be a
powerful tool for strategic planning by creating plausible and detailed scenarios or views of
what might occur. The information you develop will be used in conjunction with other
intelligence being gathered and analyzed incident to planning and preparing security and
counterterrorism efforts for an upcoming National Political Convention in the U.S.
Intelligence indicates an attack is being planned consistent with t.
BackgroundA significant criminal event may occur at any place ancameroncourtney45
Background
A significant criminal event may occur at any place and at any time. The size of the jurisdiction does not dictate the scope and scale of the incident. It is perfectly possible, even predictable, that investigative needs will be beyond the resources and/or sophistication of a local law enforcement agency. In such cases, one option is to expand the resources available through multiagency collaboration and cooperation (e.g., a task force). However, regardless of who or how many investigative resources are brought to bear on an incident, the parent agency remains responsible for the successful outcome of the criminal investigation.
Project Setting
Acting as a subject matter expert on criminal investigation, you have been asked to assist in the creation of a simulation exercise of a multijurisdictional criminal investigation. Some of the preliminary work has already been completed. Your specific task is to compile the post investigation review document (rubric) to be used by exercise assessors in their evaluation of the quality of the criminal investigation. This is what you know:
A series of 11 random explosions have occurred in an area that traverses two states, and a total of seven counties (five counties in one state and two counties in the other state), embracing a total of nine cities and incorporated towns. The explosions resulted in five deaths, 32 injuries, and significant property damage. In each case, the explosion was detonated remotely. The lead investigative agency is the Virtual, Maryland, Police Department, because the first three explosions occurred within its jurisdiction. VPD has about 100 sworn personnel, including 17 all-purpose detective investigators. It has a certified forensic laboratory for rudimentary analysis, staffed by credentialed civilians. Ultimately, two suspects were identified and apprehended, one adult male and one teenage (minor) male. Statements were made by each, resulting in investigative searches and seizures of forensic evidence. Both subjects eventually confessed to their respective and collective parts in the crimes.
Assessors in the simulation exercise will be debriefing the role players as to their actions; their understanding of the legal basis, purpose, and advantages and disadvantages of their investigative strategies; and the conduct of the investigation. The assessors have already come up with a series of questions for the participants. You have been asked to provide the "model" answer against which the responses of the participants will be graded.
Following are the questions to be posed by the simulation exercise assessors to the investigators:
Investigative Task Force
Assuming that legal authority was not an issue, should this investigation be conducted by VPD personnel or a multijurisdictional task force?
At what point should the potential of establishing an investigative task force be considered?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of an investigative task ...
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Attending a job Interview for B1 and B2 Englsih learnersErika906060
It is a sample of an interview for a business english class for pre-intermediate and intermediate english students with emphasis on the speking ability.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
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Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
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https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
To download the complete presentation, visit: https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030”, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Taurus Zodiac Sign_ Personality Traits and Sign Dates.pptxmy Pandit
Explore the world of the Taurus zodiac sign. Learn about their stability, determination, and appreciation for beauty. Discover how Taureans' grounded nature and hardworking mindset define their unique personality.
2. OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
The Director of National Intelligence serves as the head of the Intelligence Community
(IC), overseeing and directing the implementation of the National Intelligence Program and
acting as the principal advisor to the President, the National Security Council, and the
Homeland Security Council for intelligence matters.
The Office of the Director of National Intelligence is charged with:
• Integrating the domestic and foreign dimensions of US intelligence so that there are
no gaps in our understanding of threats to our national security;
• Bringing more depth and accuracy to intelligence analysis; and
• Ensuring that US intelligence resources generate future capabilities as well as
present results.
NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COUNCIL
Since its formation in 1973, the National Intelligence Council (NIC) has served as a bridge
between the intelligence and policy communities, a source of deep substantive expertise on
critical national security issues, and as a focal point for Intelligence Community
collaboration. The NIC's key goal is to provide policymakers with the best, unvarnished,
and unbiased information. Its primary functions are to:
• Support the DNI in his role as Principal Intelligence Advisor to the President and
other senior policymakers.
• Lead the Intelligence Community's effort to produce National Intelligence
Estimates (NIEs) and other NIC products that address key national security
concerns.
• Provide a focal point for policymakers, warfighters, and Congressional leaders to
task the Intelligence Community for answers to important questions.
• Reach out to nongovernment experts in academia and the private sector—and use
alternative analyses and new analytic tools—to broaden and deepen the Intelligence
Community's perspective.
NIEs are the DNI's most authoritative written judgments concerning national security
issues. They contain the coordinated judgments of the Intelligence Community regarding
the likely course of future events.
3. NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE ESTIMATES AND THE NIE PROCESS
National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs) are the Intelligence Community’s (IC) most
authoritative written judgments on national security issues and designed to help US
civilian and military leaders develop policies to protect US national security interests.
NIEs usually provide information on the current state of play but are primarily
“estimative”—that is, they make judgments about the likely course of future events and
identify the implications for US policy.
The NIEs are typically requested by senior civilian and military policymakers,
Congressional leaders and at times are initiated by the National Intelligence Council (NIC).
Before a NIE is drafted, the relevant National Intelligence Officer is responsible for
producing a concept paper, or terms of reference (TOR), and circulates it throughout the
Intelligence Community for comment. The TOR defines the key estimative questions,
determines drafting responsibilities, and sets the drafting and publication schedule. One or
more IC analysts are usually assigned to produce the initial text. The NIC then meets to
critique the draft before it is circulated to the broader IC. Representatives from the
relevant IC agencies meet to hone and coordinate line-by-line the full text of the NIE.
Working with their Agencies, representatives also assign the level of confidence they have
in key judgments. IC representatives discuss the quality of sources with collectors, and the
National Clandestine Service vets the sources used to ensure the draft does not include any
that have been recalled or otherwise seriously questioned.
All NIEs are reviewed by National Intelligence Board, which is chaired by the DNI and is
composed of the heads of relevant IC agencies. Once approved by the NIB, NIEs are
briefed to the President and senior policymakers. The whole process of producing NIEs
normally takes at least several months.
The NIC has undertaken a number of steps to improve the NIE process under the DNI.
These steps are in accordance with the goals and recommendations set out in the Senate
Select Committee on Intelligence and WMD Commission reports and the 2004 Intelligence
Reform and Prevention of Terrorism Act. Most notably, over the last two years the IC has:
• Created new procedures to integrate formal reviews of source reporting and
technical judgments. The Director of CIA, as the National HUMINT Manager, as
well as the Directors of NSA, NGA, and DIA and the Assistant Secretary/INR are now
required to submit formal assessments that highlight the strengths, weaknesses, and
overall credibility of their sources used in developing the critical judgments of the NIE.
• Applied more rigorous standards. A textbox is incorporated into all NIEs that
explains what we mean by such terms as “we judge” and that clarifies the difference
between judgments of likelihood and confidence levels. We have made a concerted
effort to not only highlight differences among agencies but to explain the reasons for
such differences and to display them prominently in the Key Judgments.
4. THE US HOMELAND THREAT ESTIMATE: HOW IT WAS PRODUCED
The Estimate, Terrorist Threats to the US Homeland, followed the standard process for
producing National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs), including a thorough review of
sourcing, in-depth Community coordination, the use of alternative analysis, and review by
outside experts. Starting in October 2006, the NIC organized a series of roundtables with
IC experts to scope out terms of reference (TOR) for the Estimate. Drafters from
throughout the Community contributed to the draft. In May, a draft was submitted to IC
officers in advance of a series of coordination meetings that spanned several days. The
National Clandestine Service, FBI, and other IC collection officers reviewed the text for
the reliability and proper use of the sourcing. As part of the normal coordination process,
analysts had the opportunity--and were encouraged--to register “dissents” and provide
alternative analysis. Reactions by the two outside experts who read the final product were
highlighted in the text. The National Intelligence Board, composed of the heads of the 16
IC agencies and chaired by the ODNI, reviewed and approved the Estimate on 21 June. As
with other NIEs, it is being distributed to senior Administration officials and Members of
Congress.
5. What We Mean When We Say: An Explanation of Estimative Language
When we use words such as “we judge” or “we assess”—terms we use synonymously—
as well as “we estimate,” “likely” or “indicate,” we are trying to convey an analytical
assessment or judgment. These assessments, which are based on incomplete or at times
fragmentary information are not a fact, proof, or knowledge. Some analytical judgments
are based directly on collected information; others rest on previous judgments, which
serve as building blocks. In either type of judgment, we do not have “evidence” that
shows something to be a fact or that definitively links two items or issues.
Intelligence judgments pertaining to likelihood are intended to reflect the Community’s
sense of the probability of a development or event. Assigning precise numerical ratings
to such judgments would imply more rigor than we intend. The chart below provides a
rough idea of the relationship of terms to each other.
We do not intend the term “unlikely” to imply an event will not happen. We use
“probably” and “likely” to indicate there is a greater than even chance. We use words
such as “we cannot dismiss,” “we cannot rule out,” and “we cannot discount” to reflect
an unlikely—or even remote—event whose consequences are such it warrants
mentioning. Words such as “may be” and “suggest” are used to reflect situations in
which we are unable to assess the likelihood generally because relevant information is
nonexistent, sketchy, or fragmented.
In addition to using words within a judgment to convey degrees of likelihood, we also
ascribe “high,” “moderate,” or “low” confidence levels based on the scope and quality of
information supporting our judgments.
• “High confidence” generally indicates our judgments are based on high-quality
information and/or the nature of the issue makes it possible to render a solid
judgment.
• “Moderate confidence” generally means the information is interpreted in various
ways, we have alternative views, or the information is credible and plausible but not
corroborated sufficiently to warrant a higher level of confidence.
• “Low confidence” generally means the information is scant, questionable, or very
fragmented and it is difficult to make solid analytic inferences, or we have significant
concerns or problems with the sources.
6. Key Judgments
We judge the US Homeland will face a persistent and evolving terrorist threat over the next
three years. The main threat comes from Islamic terrorist groups and cells, especially al-
Qa’ida, driven by their undiminished intent to attack the Homeland and a continued effort by
these terrorist groups to adapt and improve their capabilities.
We assess that greatly increased worldwide counterterrorism efforts over the past five years
have constrained the ability of al-Qa’ida to attack the US Homeland again and have led
terrorist groups to perceive the Homeland as a harder target to strike than on 9/11. These
measures have helped disrupt known plots against the United States since 9/11.
• We are concerned, however, that this level of international cooperation may wane as
9/11 becomes a more distant memory and perceptions of the threat diverge.
Al-Qa’ida is and will remain the most serious terrorist threat to the Homeland, as its central
leadership continues to plan high-impact plots, while pushing others in extremist Sunni
communities to mimic its efforts and to supplement its capabilities. We assess the group has
protected or regenerated key elements of its Homeland attack capability, including: a
safehaven in the Pakistan Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), operational
lieutenants, and its top leadership. Although we have discovered only a handful of
individuals in the United States with ties to al-Qa’ida senior leadership since 9/11, we judge
that al-Qa’ida will intensify its efforts to put operatives here.
• As a result, we judge that the United States currently is in a heightened threat
environment.
We assess that al-Qa’ida will continue to enhance its capabilities to attack the Homeland
through greater cooperation with regional terrorist groups. Of note, we assess that al-Qa’ida
will probably seek to leverage the contacts and capabilities of al-Qa’ida in Iraq (AQI), its
most visible and capable affiliate and the only one known to have expressed a desire to attack
the Homeland. In addition, we assess that its association with AQI helps al-Qa’ida to
energize the broader Sunni extremist community, raise resources, and to recruit and
indoctrinate operatives, including for Homeland attacks.
We assess that al-Qa’ida’s Homeland plotting is likely to continue to focus on prominent
political, economic, and infrastructure targets with the goal of producing mass casualties,
visually dramatic destruction, significant economic aftershocks, and/or fear among the US
population. The group is proficient with conventional small arms and improvised explosive
devices, and is innovative in creating new capabilities and overcoming security obstacles.
• We assess that al-Qa’ida will continue to try to acquire and employ chemical,
biological, radiological, or nuclear material in attacks and would not hesitate to use
them if it develops what it deems is sufficient capability.
7. We assess Lebanese Hizballah, which has conducted anti-US attacks outside the United
States in the past, may be more likely to consider attacking the Homeland over the next three
years if it perceives the United States as posing a direct threat to the group or Iran.
We assess that the spread of radical—especially Salafi—Internet sites, increasingly
aggressive anti-US rhetoric and actions, and the growing number of radical, self-generating
cells in Western countries indicate that the radical and violent segment of the West’s Muslim
population is expanding, including in the United States. The arrest and prosecution by US
law enforcement of a small number of violent Islamic extremists inside the United States—
who are becoming more connected ideologically, virtually, and/or in a physical sense to the
global extremist movement—points to the possibility that others may become sufficiently
radicalized that they will view the use of violence here as legitimate. We assess that this
internal Muslim terrorist threat is not likely to be as severe as it is in Europe, however.
We assess that other, non-Muslim terrorist groups—often referred to as “single-issue” groups
by the FBI—probably will conduct attacks over the next three years given their violent
histories, but we assess this violence is likely to be on a small scale.
We assess that globalization trends and recent technological advances will continue to enable
even small numbers of alienated people to find and connect with one another, justify and
intensify their anger, and mobilize resources to attack—all without requiring a centralized
terrorist organization, training camp, or leader.
• The ability to detect broader and more diverse terrorist plotting in this environment
will challenge current US defensive efforts and the tools we use to detect and disrupt
plots. It will also require greater understanding of how suspect activities at the local
level relate to strategic threat information and how best to identify indicators of
terrorist activity in the midst of legitimate interactions.