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The document compares the closed ecosystem of phones in the 1980s-2004 to the open ecosystem of the internet during the same time period. 1. Phones started as a closed system with limited ring tones, wallpapers, services like SMS and music. Over time phones opened up but remained controlled by phone providers. 2. The internet emerged as a truly open ecosystem, where anyone could offer new services and products like web hosting, search, social media, VoIP, and Wikipedia without permission from centralized authorities. 3. The open nature of the internet led to rapid innovation and the creation of many new services and companies.












