The decision on sequencing of operations, tool travel and machining time calculations is done in microplanning. After a set of processes has been selected for all the features of part, the sequencing task begins by searching and analysing relationship between features. This is done
by rule to detect geometrical interactions and the appropriate precedence relationship in knowledge base. For deciding sequence of operations precedence relationship among the different operations is developed using decision rules. CNC program is generated based on the process plan of a given component. The generated CNC program is then validated by simulation software before giving it to CNC machine.
Micro Planning And CNC ProgrammingFor Cylindrical Part In AMPPS meijjournal
The decision on sequencing of operations, tool travel and machining time calculations is done in microplanning. After a set of processes has been selected for all the features of part, the sequencing task begins by searching and analysing relationship between features. This is done by rule to detect geometrical interactions and the appropriate precedence relationship in knowledge base. For deciding sequence of operations precedence lationship among the different operations is developed using decision rules. CNC program is generated based on the process plan of a given component. The generated CNC program is then validated by simulation software before giving it to CNC machine.
Adaptive Control Machining systems, Introduction, Where to use adaptive control ?.Adaptive Control, Elements of an adaptive control machining system, Types of Adaptive controls, Benefits of AC
Micro Planning And CNC ProgrammingFor Cylindrical Part In AMPPS meijjournal
The decision on sequencing of operations, tool travel and machining time calculations is done in microplanning. After a set of processes has been selected for all the features of part, the sequencing task begins by searching and analysing relationship between features. This is done by rule to detect geometrical interactions and the appropriate precedence relationship in knowledge base. For deciding sequence of operations precedence lationship among the different operations is developed using decision rules. CNC program is generated based on the process plan of a given component. The generated CNC program is then validated by simulation software before giving it to CNC machine.
Adaptive Control Machining systems, Introduction, Where to use adaptive control ?.Adaptive Control, Elements of an adaptive control machining system, Types of Adaptive controls, Benefits of AC
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Linking design and manufacturing on a PLM platformiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
INFLUENCE OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND MATERIAL REMOVAL RAT...ijmech
Optimization of machining parameters is very valuable to maintain the accuracy of the components and
obtain cost effective Machining.MRR (material removal rate) and surface roughness is playing primary
role in manufacturing using contemporary CNC (computer numerical controlled) machines, in the case of
mass manufacturing. In present study experimental and work is done for optimization of process
parameters. In experimental work total 32 experiments are designed according DOE method “Mixed
taguchi”. Three factors are selected for experimental work. Depth of cut, speed and feed rate is selected
factors for experimental work. All experiments are carried out in CIPET, Jaipur. Two responses are find
out in this work and are following: first one is material removal rate (MRR) and second response is surface
roughness (Ra) measurement. An artificial neural network is ‘Feed Forward Back Propagation’ type
model of developing the analysis and prediction of surface roughness and MRR with relationship between
all input process parameters
DESIGN IMPROVISATION OF ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATORS FOR OPERATION AT SUB ZERO...ijmech
Control surface actuators are the key systems in any flight vehicle for enabling a strict control on the flight
parameters. The electromechanical actuator developed for an Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is subjected
to sub-zero temperatures due to the altitude of operation. This paper discusses on how an actuator
developed is studied experimentally and improvised in design to ensure performance at -40oC. The
experimental observations are reasoned and supported by theoretical studies and remedial measures
incorporated to improve the actuator performance.
Experimental validation of effect of equivalence ratio on detonation characte...ijmech
Experimental studies were carried out for using Propane as fuel for Pulse Detonation Engine application. In the present study Detonation Characteristics of Propane & Oxygen mixture at various equivalence ratios were presented. In these experiments Propane and Oxygen under regulated pressures were injected into a Detonation Tube from the head end using unlike impinging doublet injector. The fuel and oxidizer were allowed to mix and fill the tube. Subsequently, the mixture was ignited using a spark plug positioned close to the head end of the tube. The pressures generated due to the combustion of the mixtures were captured using five high frequency pressure transducers which were spaced 100mm apart on the detonation tube. Apart from these pressures, velocities of the combustion wave were computed using ‘time of flight’ method. These
tests were done for different equivalence ratios varying from 0.8 to 1.6 by varying the feeding pressure of
Propane. In the present study the performance of the combustion wave at different locations and effect of
equivalence ratios on detonation characteristics were presented. In addition effect of presence of obstacles in
the flow path i.e., Shchelkin spirals were also studied in reducing the Deflagration to Detonation Transition
(DDT) distance.
technoloTwo dimensional numerical simulation of the combined heat transfer in...ijmech
A numerical investigation was conducted to analyze the flow field and heat transfer characteristics in a vertical channel withradiation and blowing from the wall. Hydrodynamic behaviour and heat transfer results are obtained by the solution of the complete Navier–Stokesand energy equations using a control volume finite element method. Turbulent flow with "Low Reynolds Spalart-Allmaras Turbulence Model" and radiation with "Discrete Transfer Radiation Method" had been modeled. In order to have a complete survey, this article has a wide range of study in different domains including velocity profiles at different locations, turbulent viscosity, shear stress, suctioned mass flow rate in different magnitude of the input
Rayleigh number, blowing Reynoldsnumber, radiation parameter, Prandtl number, the ratio of length to width and also ratio of opening thickness to width of the channel. In addition, effects of variation in any of the above non-dimensional numbers on parameters of the flow are clearly illustrated. At the end resultants had been compared with experimental data which demonstrated that in the present study, results have a great accuracy, relative errors are very small and the curve portraits are in a great
agreement with real experiments.
Performance prediction of a turboshaft engine by using of one dimensional ana...ijmech
Performance estimation of the axial flow gas turbines under variety of operating conditions like different speeds and pressure ratios has been hampered by lack of reliable experimental data and experiments cost.Simulation of gas turbine is a simple way to reduce testing costs and complexity.One-dimensional (1D).Simulation is a simple, fast and accurate method for performance prediction of turbine with different geometries. In this approach, inlet flow conditions and turbine geometry are known and by considering loss model, the turbine performance characteristics are predicted. In following work, that is based on one dimensional modelling method, after the presentation of solution algorithm by trial and error method and introduction of different loss models for modelling, this method were examined for a turbo shaft engine and
compared with experimental results. Comparison of the results with experimental data shows so good adaptation. Also according to these results, Kacker and Okapuu’s developed model gave the closest results to the reference data.
Increasing life of spur gears with the help of finite element analysisijmech
The Focus of this research is on mathematical analysis of life of gears and reducing noise frequency of gears due to change of material from C-45 to 19mncr5. Calculations for gears life was done with the help of Lewis equation and Buckingham formula. Basically life of a gear is depending upon the stress, more the stress on gear lesser life of gear will be. In this paper some major condition to perform a gear without failure is achieved i.e. tangential force should be less than tangential load to sustain static load, dynamic
load should be less than endurance load to sustain dynamic load and wear load should be less than static
load to sustain wear load. After calculation of 19mncr5 material we evaluate that endurance load acting on the gear which is greater than the dynamic load so our gear come out be safe. Also this study shows declination of noise level in 19mncr5 material compare to C-45 material.
A fuzzy logic model for evaluation of oil film pressure in hydrodynamic bearingijmech
This study presents a new approach for evaluation of oil-film pressure in hydrodynamic bearing. Oil-filmpressure is one of the critical parameter which determines the performance of hydrodynamic bearing. In this research parameters of rotational speed, bearing load and oil-feed pressure are considered as model independent variables. Modelling and simulations are done in Matlab. The research shows that as compared to other conventional techniques approximate fuzzy reasoning provides a more logical approach.
EXPERIMENTAL AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE NOZZLE JET PUMP WITH VARIOUS ...ijmech
Water is central to survival, without water human, plant and animal life would be impossible. Therefore supply of water has become one of the fundamental requirements of any society and the need to transfer water has generated the design of various forms of mechanical devices, which can be categorized as pumps. Jet pump is a device that performs its pumping action by the transfer of energy from a high velocity supply jet to one of low velocity suction flow. These two flows mix in the mixing tube and the kinetic energy of the combined flow is converted partially into the pressure energy in the diffuser. The optimization of the design of single hole nozzle jet pump with various area ratios and five different diameter mixing tubes. For
each of the mixing tube, experiments were conducted for two more distances above and the one used for the
first set of experiments. The spacing was increased using 2 (6 mm) gaskets for one distance and 3 (9 mm)
gaskets for another distance. The area ratios chosen have been modified and the final area ratios used were R = 0.20, 0.28, 0.36, 0.43 & 0.50. Discharge ratios (M), Head ratio (N), Efficiency () were used to draw performance curves. Experiments were done for all other area ratios as spacing is increasing there is an increase in efficiency.
SIMULTANEOUS OPTIMIZATION OF SEMIACTIVE QUARTER CAR SUSPENSION PARAMETERS USI...ijmech
In present paper, a methodology is presented related to the optimization of semi-active quarter car model
suspension parameters having three degrees of freedom, subjected to bump type of road excitation.
Influence of primary suspension stiffness, primary suspension damping, secondary suspension stiffness and
secondary suspension damping are studied on the passenger ride comfort, taking root mean square (RMS)
values of passenger seat displacement and settling time into account. Semi-active quarter car model
assembled with magneto-rheological (MR) shock absorber is selected for optimization of suspension
parameters using Taguchi method in combination with Grey relational analysis. Confirmatory results with
simulation run indicates that the optimized results of suspension parameters are helpful in achieving the
best ride comfort to travelling passengers in terms of minimization of passenger seat displacement and
settling time values.
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE ASSESSMENT OF STIFFENED PANEL STRUCTURES FOR VERY LARGE ...ijmech
Reduces weight of hull structures designed for a very large carrier plays an important role as the economic
efficiency is the most significant aspect. It is known that the traditional allowable working stress
approaches with high safety and reliability, it means that the hull structural weight is higher than the
actual requirement in operation. Recently, the limit state approach has been widely applied for analysis
and assessment of marine structures, the limit strength of structures is determined by nonlinear finite
element analysis (FEA) method. A Very Large Ore Carrier (VLOC) is designed by using IACS Common
Structural Rules (CSR) method in this article, and pre-CSR method is adopted to improve cross-sectional of
the bottom and deck structures. Given that the stiffened panel under the combination of axial or biaxial
compression and lateral pressure loads for computation, ultimate strength of the ship structures designed
by using the aforementioned method are analyzed by using the nonlinear finite element method (FEM). The
results show that the difference of ultimate strength of ship structures designed by using pre-CSR method
and CSR method is able to neglect. It can be seen that the weight of hull structure can be reduced by 0.56
percent (640 tons in this case) without reducing ultimate strength when pre-CSR method is applied.
CFD SIMULATION OF SOLDER PASTE FLOW AND DEFORMATION BEHAVIOURS DURING STENCIL...ijmech
In 20th century, Electronics elements have become most significant part of the regular life. The main heart
of electronic element is PCB which supports and manages mostly machines and equipments these days.
Therefore manufacturing of board and assembly of electronic elements is one of the crucial and significant
objectives for most of the companies. Better life of PCB’s depends on electronic elements and its assembly
with board. Solder paste is used as adhesive material for assembly purpose. It is deposited on board using
stencil and electronic elements are mounted on it and heated for strong bond.
This study investigates on factors affecting stencil printing process due to variation in squeegee speed and
density of solder paste. This study is based on computational fluid dynamics virtual simulation. Prototype is
developed for modelling purpose and simulation software is used to simulate the flow behaviour of solder
paste during stencil printing process.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE TESTING OF A FLAT PLATE SOLAR AIR HEATER USING OPTICAL ME...ijmech
Experimental test set up at laboratory scale has been developed for thermal performance testing of flat
plate solar air heater with simulated solar radiation intensity; 600W/m2. A test cell of size 1m x 0.5m x
0.1m was fabricated. Three designs namely (i) plane absorber (ii) transverse V- porous ribs and (iii)
inclined V-porous ribs of absorber are tested. All the experiments are conducted with artificial solar
radiation and in natural convection. Performances of these three designs have been compared on the basis
of overall thermal efficiency and thermal gradient along normal to the base. Thermal gradient has been
determined by laser beam deviation method. PT-100 temperature sensors have also been used to validate
the optical results of thermal gradient. The overall thermal efficiencies of these designs have been found as
14.91%, 17.24% and 20.04% respectively. It has also been seen that thermal gradient tends to reduce with
increase in efficiency.
THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION AND BLOWING FROM THE WALL OF A VERTICAL...ijmech
This article investigates the effects of radiation and blowing from a wall on a turbulent heat transfer in vertical channels with asymmetrical heating. The equations involved were numerically solved with three turbulent models including SpalartAllmaras, R-N-G k-
with"Standard Wall Function" wall nearby model, R-N-G k- with "Enhanced Wall Treatment" wall nearby model and "Ray Tracing" radiation techniques. The results were compares with experimental data and appropriate methods were selected for turbulent modeling. The problem
of Rayleigh number, Reynolds, radiation parameters and Prandtl were solved and the effects of these parameters on the flow lines, lines of constant temperature, radiation, convection, heat transfer caused by blowing and the total heat transfer were determined.
COMPARISON OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF COLDWORK AND HOT WORK TOOL STEELS IN HARD ...ijmech
The hard turning process has been attracting interest in different industrial sectors for finishing operations
of hard materials at its hardened state.Surface roughness is investigated in hard turning of AISI D3 and
AISI H13 steels of same hardness 62HRC. In this paper, an attempt has been made to model and predict
the surface roughness in hard turning of AISI D3 and AISI H13 hardened steels using Response Surface
Methodology (RSM). The combined effects of three machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate
and depth of cut are investigated for main performance characteristic that is surface roughness. RSM
based Central Composite Design (CCD) is applied as an experimental design. Al2O3/TiC mixed ceramic
tool with corner radius 0.8 mm is employed to accomplish 20 tests with six center points. The acceptability
of the developed models is checked using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).The combined effects of cutting
speed; feed rate and depth of cut are investigated using surface plots.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Linking design and manufacturing on a PLM platformiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
INFLUENCE OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND MATERIAL REMOVAL RAT...ijmech
Optimization of machining parameters is very valuable to maintain the accuracy of the components and
obtain cost effective Machining.MRR (material removal rate) and surface roughness is playing primary
role in manufacturing using contemporary CNC (computer numerical controlled) machines, in the case of
mass manufacturing. In present study experimental and work is done for optimization of process
parameters. In experimental work total 32 experiments are designed according DOE method “Mixed
taguchi”. Three factors are selected for experimental work. Depth of cut, speed and feed rate is selected
factors for experimental work. All experiments are carried out in CIPET, Jaipur. Two responses are find
out in this work and are following: first one is material removal rate (MRR) and second response is surface
roughness (Ra) measurement. An artificial neural network is ‘Feed Forward Back Propagation’ type
model of developing the analysis and prediction of surface roughness and MRR with relationship between
all input process parameters
DESIGN IMPROVISATION OF ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATORS FOR OPERATION AT SUB ZERO...ijmech
Control surface actuators are the key systems in any flight vehicle for enabling a strict control on the flight
parameters. The electromechanical actuator developed for an Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is subjected
to sub-zero temperatures due to the altitude of operation. This paper discusses on how an actuator
developed is studied experimentally and improvised in design to ensure performance at -40oC. The
experimental observations are reasoned and supported by theoretical studies and remedial measures
incorporated to improve the actuator performance.
Experimental validation of effect of equivalence ratio on detonation characte...ijmech
Experimental studies were carried out for using Propane as fuel for Pulse Detonation Engine application. In the present study Detonation Characteristics of Propane & Oxygen mixture at various equivalence ratios were presented. In these experiments Propane and Oxygen under regulated pressures were injected into a Detonation Tube from the head end using unlike impinging doublet injector. The fuel and oxidizer were allowed to mix and fill the tube. Subsequently, the mixture was ignited using a spark plug positioned close to the head end of the tube. The pressures generated due to the combustion of the mixtures were captured using five high frequency pressure transducers which were spaced 100mm apart on the detonation tube. Apart from these pressures, velocities of the combustion wave were computed using ‘time of flight’ method. These
tests were done for different equivalence ratios varying from 0.8 to 1.6 by varying the feeding pressure of
Propane. In the present study the performance of the combustion wave at different locations and effect of
equivalence ratios on detonation characteristics were presented. In addition effect of presence of obstacles in
the flow path i.e., Shchelkin spirals were also studied in reducing the Deflagration to Detonation Transition
(DDT) distance.
technoloTwo dimensional numerical simulation of the combined heat transfer in...ijmech
A numerical investigation was conducted to analyze the flow field and heat transfer characteristics in a vertical channel withradiation and blowing from the wall. Hydrodynamic behaviour and heat transfer results are obtained by the solution of the complete Navier–Stokesand energy equations using a control volume finite element method. Turbulent flow with "Low Reynolds Spalart-Allmaras Turbulence Model" and radiation with "Discrete Transfer Radiation Method" had been modeled. In order to have a complete survey, this article has a wide range of study in different domains including velocity profiles at different locations, turbulent viscosity, shear stress, suctioned mass flow rate in different magnitude of the input
Rayleigh number, blowing Reynoldsnumber, radiation parameter, Prandtl number, the ratio of length to width and also ratio of opening thickness to width of the channel. In addition, effects of variation in any of the above non-dimensional numbers on parameters of the flow are clearly illustrated. At the end resultants had been compared with experimental data which demonstrated that in the present study, results have a great accuracy, relative errors are very small and the curve portraits are in a great
agreement with real experiments.
Performance prediction of a turboshaft engine by using of one dimensional ana...ijmech
Performance estimation of the axial flow gas turbines under variety of operating conditions like different speeds and pressure ratios has been hampered by lack of reliable experimental data and experiments cost.Simulation of gas turbine is a simple way to reduce testing costs and complexity.One-dimensional (1D).Simulation is a simple, fast and accurate method for performance prediction of turbine with different geometries. In this approach, inlet flow conditions and turbine geometry are known and by considering loss model, the turbine performance characteristics are predicted. In following work, that is based on one dimensional modelling method, after the presentation of solution algorithm by trial and error method and introduction of different loss models for modelling, this method were examined for a turbo shaft engine and
compared with experimental results. Comparison of the results with experimental data shows so good adaptation. Also according to these results, Kacker and Okapuu’s developed model gave the closest results to the reference data.
Increasing life of spur gears with the help of finite element analysisijmech
The Focus of this research is on mathematical analysis of life of gears and reducing noise frequency of gears due to change of material from C-45 to 19mncr5. Calculations for gears life was done with the help of Lewis equation and Buckingham formula. Basically life of a gear is depending upon the stress, more the stress on gear lesser life of gear will be. In this paper some major condition to perform a gear without failure is achieved i.e. tangential force should be less than tangential load to sustain static load, dynamic
load should be less than endurance load to sustain dynamic load and wear load should be less than static
load to sustain wear load. After calculation of 19mncr5 material we evaluate that endurance load acting on the gear which is greater than the dynamic load so our gear come out be safe. Also this study shows declination of noise level in 19mncr5 material compare to C-45 material.
A fuzzy logic model for evaluation of oil film pressure in hydrodynamic bearingijmech
This study presents a new approach for evaluation of oil-film pressure in hydrodynamic bearing. Oil-filmpressure is one of the critical parameter which determines the performance of hydrodynamic bearing. In this research parameters of rotational speed, bearing load and oil-feed pressure are considered as model independent variables. Modelling and simulations are done in Matlab. The research shows that as compared to other conventional techniques approximate fuzzy reasoning provides a more logical approach.
EXPERIMENTAL AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE NOZZLE JET PUMP WITH VARIOUS ...ijmech
Water is central to survival, without water human, plant and animal life would be impossible. Therefore supply of water has become one of the fundamental requirements of any society and the need to transfer water has generated the design of various forms of mechanical devices, which can be categorized as pumps. Jet pump is a device that performs its pumping action by the transfer of energy from a high velocity supply jet to one of low velocity suction flow. These two flows mix in the mixing tube and the kinetic energy of the combined flow is converted partially into the pressure energy in the diffuser. The optimization of the design of single hole nozzle jet pump with various area ratios and five different diameter mixing tubes. For
each of the mixing tube, experiments were conducted for two more distances above and the one used for the
first set of experiments. The spacing was increased using 2 (6 mm) gaskets for one distance and 3 (9 mm)
gaskets for another distance. The area ratios chosen have been modified and the final area ratios used were R = 0.20, 0.28, 0.36, 0.43 & 0.50. Discharge ratios (M), Head ratio (N), Efficiency () were used to draw performance curves. Experiments were done for all other area ratios as spacing is increasing there is an increase in efficiency.
SIMULTANEOUS OPTIMIZATION OF SEMIACTIVE QUARTER CAR SUSPENSION PARAMETERS USI...ijmech
In present paper, a methodology is presented related to the optimization of semi-active quarter car model
suspension parameters having three degrees of freedom, subjected to bump type of road excitation.
Influence of primary suspension stiffness, primary suspension damping, secondary suspension stiffness and
secondary suspension damping are studied on the passenger ride comfort, taking root mean square (RMS)
values of passenger seat displacement and settling time into account. Semi-active quarter car model
assembled with magneto-rheological (MR) shock absorber is selected for optimization of suspension
parameters using Taguchi method in combination with Grey relational analysis. Confirmatory results with
simulation run indicates that the optimized results of suspension parameters are helpful in achieving the
best ride comfort to travelling passengers in terms of minimization of passenger seat displacement and
settling time values.
ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE ASSESSMENT OF STIFFENED PANEL STRUCTURES FOR VERY LARGE ...ijmech
Reduces weight of hull structures designed for a very large carrier plays an important role as the economic
efficiency is the most significant aspect. It is known that the traditional allowable working stress
approaches with high safety and reliability, it means that the hull structural weight is higher than the
actual requirement in operation. Recently, the limit state approach has been widely applied for analysis
and assessment of marine structures, the limit strength of structures is determined by nonlinear finite
element analysis (FEA) method. A Very Large Ore Carrier (VLOC) is designed by using IACS Common
Structural Rules (CSR) method in this article, and pre-CSR method is adopted to improve cross-sectional of
the bottom and deck structures. Given that the stiffened panel under the combination of axial or biaxial
compression and lateral pressure loads for computation, ultimate strength of the ship structures designed
by using the aforementioned method are analyzed by using the nonlinear finite element method (FEM). The
results show that the difference of ultimate strength of ship structures designed by using pre-CSR method
and CSR method is able to neglect. It can be seen that the weight of hull structure can be reduced by 0.56
percent (640 tons in this case) without reducing ultimate strength when pre-CSR method is applied.
CFD SIMULATION OF SOLDER PASTE FLOW AND DEFORMATION BEHAVIOURS DURING STENCIL...ijmech
In 20th century, Electronics elements have become most significant part of the regular life. The main heart
of electronic element is PCB which supports and manages mostly machines and equipments these days.
Therefore manufacturing of board and assembly of electronic elements is one of the crucial and significant
objectives for most of the companies. Better life of PCB’s depends on electronic elements and its assembly
with board. Solder paste is used as adhesive material for assembly purpose. It is deposited on board using
stencil and electronic elements are mounted on it and heated for strong bond.
This study investigates on factors affecting stencil printing process due to variation in squeegee speed and
density of solder paste. This study is based on computational fluid dynamics virtual simulation. Prototype is
developed for modelling purpose and simulation software is used to simulate the flow behaviour of solder
paste during stencil printing process.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE TESTING OF A FLAT PLATE SOLAR AIR HEATER USING OPTICAL ME...ijmech
Experimental test set up at laboratory scale has been developed for thermal performance testing of flat
plate solar air heater with simulated solar radiation intensity; 600W/m2. A test cell of size 1m x 0.5m x
0.1m was fabricated. Three designs namely (i) plane absorber (ii) transverse V- porous ribs and (iii)
inclined V-porous ribs of absorber are tested. All the experiments are conducted with artificial solar
radiation and in natural convection. Performances of these three designs have been compared on the basis
of overall thermal efficiency and thermal gradient along normal to the base. Thermal gradient has been
determined by laser beam deviation method. PT-100 temperature sensors have also been used to validate
the optical results of thermal gradient. The overall thermal efficiencies of these designs have been found as
14.91%, 17.24% and 20.04% respectively. It has also been seen that thermal gradient tends to reduce with
increase in efficiency.
THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION AND BLOWING FROM THE WALL OF A VERTICAL...ijmech
This article investigates the effects of radiation and blowing from a wall on a turbulent heat transfer in vertical channels with asymmetrical heating. The equations involved were numerically solved with three turbulent models including SpalartAllmaras, R-N-G k-
with"Standard Wall Function" wall nearby model, R-N-G k- with "Enhanced Wall Treatment" wall nearby model and "Ray Tracing" radiation techniques. The results were compares with experimental data and appropriate methods were selected for turbulent modeling. The problem
of Rayleigh number, Reynolds, radiation parameters and Prandtl were solved and the effects of these parameters on the flow lines, lines of constant temperature, radiation, convection, heat transfer caused by blowing and the total heat transfer were determined.
COMPARISON OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF COLDWORK AND HOT WORK TOOL STEELS IN HARD ...ijmech
The hard turning process has been attracting interest in different industrial sectors for finishing operations
of hard materials at its hardened state.Surface roughness is investigated in hard turning of AISI D3 and
AISI H13 steels of same hardness 62HRC. In this paper, an attempt has been made to model and predict
the surface roughness in hard turning of AISI D3 and AISI H13 hardened steels using Response Surface
Methodology (RSM). The combined effects of three machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate
and depth of cut are investigated for main performance characteristic that is surface roughness. RSM
based Central Composite Design (CCD) is applied as an experimental design. Al2O3/TiC mixed ceramic
tool with corner radius 0.8 mm is employed to accomplish 20 tests with six center points. The acceptability
of the developed models is checked using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).The combined effects of cutting
speed; feed rate and depth of cut are investigated using surface plots.
Comparative analysis of passenger ride comfort using various semi active susp...ijmech
In this paper, different semi-active control strategies for non-linear quarter car model equipped with controllable magneto-rheological (MR) shock absorbers and fuzzy logic controller are compared.Polynomial model is selected to characterize the experimental results of MR shock absorber. A combination of Forward Fuzzy Logic Controller (FFLC) and Inverse Fuzzy Logic Controller (IFLC) is
designed for proper working of MR shock absorber i.e. generation and supply of control current to MR shock absorber, which provides damping force to suspension system for vibration control purpose.Simulink responses of four different cases are evaluated for passenger ride comfort analysis taking uncontrolled, primary suspension controlled, secondary suspension controlled and fully controlled quarter car models. The obtained results in graphical and mathematical form demonstrate that the fully controlled quarter car system provides excellentperformance in suppression of passenger seat vibrations compared to other control strategies while the vehicle travels over the sinusoidal type of input road profile
PARAMETRIC STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF FOUR TYPES OF FASTENER MODELING IN CHANNE...ijmech
In this paper, some parametric studies on four types of Channel type tension fitting’s fasteners’ stiffness
modeling is presented. Tension fittings are commonly classified into five types. They are Bathtub fitting,
Channel fitting, Angle fitting, ‘PI’ fitting and Double angle fitting. Tension fittings are conservatively sized
as their weight is usually small relative to their importance. In the previous studies, the channel fitting was
considered to be fixed at all the fastener locations. Thus, the results obtained were conservative because
the load was getting reacted at the first line of fasteners only. In order to study the effect of fastener’s
flexibility and hence the load flow inside the tension fitting two methods (Tate & Swift) of fastener modeling
were employed in the previous study. It observed that, the flexible boundary condition allow for a better
load flow into the channel fitting as compared to the fixed boundary condition. In this study, fastener
flexibility with two more methods (Grumann and Huth) is performed on the distribution of internal stresses
in the channel fitting as compared to the fixed boundary conditions. Also comparison of previous results
(Tate and Swift) is made with Grumann and Huth methods of modeling of fastener. Aluminum alloy 7050-
T7452 is selected for the study.
Airfoil linear wind generator (alwg) as a novel wind energy extraction approachijmech
Linear wind generator (LWG) is a sufficient way of wind energy harnessing process. However, complicated
LWG energy extraction mechanism such as complex system for transferring linear motion to rotational
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AMPPS_CNC IN AN AUTOMATED MODULAR PROCESS PLANNING SYSTEM FOR ROTATIONAL PART
1. International Journal of Recent advances in Mechanical Engineering (IJMECH) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
DOI : 10.14810/ijmech.2014.3401 1
AMPPS_CNC IN AN AUTOMATED
MODULAR PROCESS PLANNING SYSTEM
FOR ROTATIONAL PART
Shinde B.M1
and Dr. Khodke P.M2
.,
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering DCOER, Pune-41
bharat_mshinde@yahoo.co.in
2
Principal GCOE Karad
pmkhodke@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The decision on sequencing of operations, tool travel and machining time calculations is done
in microplanning. After a set of processes has been selected for all the features of part, the
sequencing task begins by searching and analysing relationship between features. This is done
by rule to detect geometrical interactions and the appropriate precedence relationship in
knowledge base. For deciding sequence of operations precedence relationship among the
different operations is developed using decision rules.
CNC program is generated based on the process plan of a given component. The generated
CNC program is then validated by simulation software before giving it to CNC machine.
KEYWORDS
Micro planning, Automated modular process planning, Generative process planning, Computer
aided design,
1. INTRODUCTION
Micro planning deals with decision on sequencing of operations, calculations of tool travel and
machining time. As a part may contain many features, a proper sequence for machining these
features is vital in achieving efficient and high quality manufacturing of the part. Operation
sequencing deals with the problem of determining in what order to perform a set of selected
operations such that the resulting sequence satisfies the precedence constraints established by
both parts and operation. The objective of process sequencing is to minimise the total time to
produce a part.
CNC machine tools require a set of commands in order to carry out desired machining operation.
The job of creating this set of commands is known as programming. Programming is the process
of coding machining conditions such as machining dimensions with reference points. These
dimensions are derived by correctly allocating the X and Z axis. The machine tool may have
facility of both manual part programming as well as programming using CNC programming
languages such as APT, ADAPT, COMPAPT etc.
2. International Journal of Recent advances in Mechanical Engineering (IJMECH) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
2
2. MICRO PLANNING AND CNC PROGRAMMING SYSTEM
A modular program is developed for each of the function in Visual Basic having connectivity
between them. Visual Basic has been selected as a programming language as it has compatibility
with Auto-CAD and it is more users friendly. An output of each step is taken as an input for
subsequent step. A structure as shown in fig.1 facilitates accurate transfer of data corresponding
to each feature from one step to other step. Each of the step is described in subsequent sections.
Fig.1 A structure of Micro planning and CNC programming
3. DECISION RULES FOR SEQUENCING OF OPERATION
1. The operation are selected according to feature having largest diameter first and then
descending further in order of size from left to right, till smallest diameter is obtained.
2. Internal operations are considered only after external operations are completed.
3. The stock size is always taken greater than the finished size of workpiece.
4. The first operation in rotational component is always facing of extreme right face because
face is considered as a reference for obtaining geometry of other features.
5. As the stock size selected is greater than the finished size of workpiece the second
operation is always turning so as to obtain diameter of largest feature of a part on a
cylindrical surface.
6. All plain turning (step turning) operations are completed first by converting every feature
into a cylindrical surface.
7. All taper turning operation comes after step turning operation (sr.no.6). Taper turning
operations are performed from right to left.
8. Finish cut operations of all cylinder, taper, recess and arc features are done before
external threading, drilling, and internal threading.
Generate Process Plan
Micro Planning
End
Decide the sequence of
operation
Calculate machining Time
Calculate tool travel
Generate CNC program
Machining
CNC Programming
Start
3. International Journal of Recent advances in Mechanical Engineering (IJMECH) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
3
9. External threading operation comes in the sequence after completion of finish turning
operation.
10. For internal operations first operation considered is a drilling and then boring.
11. If the hole size does not match with standard drill size, then boring operation is done after
drilling.
12. Internal threading operation is performed only when required size of hole equal to major
diameter is produced.
13. The last operation is always chamfering.
The built-in rules, as given above, are formulated on the basis of general machining principles
and are used to define precedence relations among the features. The approach for operation
selection is based on knowledge, the possible operation for each feature is determined
heuristically. The program starts with selecting the features as per designed rule and then
selecting possible operations for that feature. For example the hole feature can be done by two
possibilities i.e. drilling, finish boring or drilling, rough boring, and finish boring. The 9 features
and possible operation are described in the fig.2.
I. Face VII. Hole 1.Drilling
II. Cylinder 1. Rough turning 2. Finish boring
2. Finish turning 1.Drilling
III. Taper 2. Rough boring
IV. Recess 1. Rough turning 3. Finish boring
V. Arc 2. Finish turning
IX. Chamfer
VI. Thread 1. Rough turning VIII. Threading
2. Finish turning 1.Drilling
3. Threading 2. Finish boring
1. Rough turning 3. Threading
2. Threading 1.Drilling
1. Finish turning 2. Rough boring
2. Threading 3. Finish boring
4. Threading
Fig.2 Feature-Operation Hierarchy
External Internal
Features
4. International Journal of Recent advances in Mechanical Engineering (IJMECH) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
4
4. GENERATION OF CNC CODES
The process plan developed for the given component using as input. The process plan is then
used for generation of CNC codes. However, the process plan file is required to be imported
again for identification of operation, tool travel and cutting parameters. It may be remembered
here that if the operating system used for generation of process plan is different to the one used
for part programming, the process plan file can not be imported. Under the circumstances,
interfacing is required to make import process platform independent. Therefore a separate
program is developed in VB6 for importing the process plan file.
5. CASE STUDY
Part drawing is checked for concentricity of circle, redundant line, overlapping line and point in
case of any corrections, the algorithm provides facility for revising the drawing accordingly. As
shown in fig. 3 the part name is extracted from the file name of drawing which is given to the
drawing in Auto CAD. The part name is displayed on the task bar of window as “Head pin” in the
selected case study. The layers used in this case study for dimensions only. The remaining part
drawing is displayed on “0” layer which occurs by default in Auto CAD. The part material is
extracted from “material layer” and displayed on process sheet.
Fig.3 Part drawing
5.1 Micro planning
Next module on microplanning decides sequence of operations. The sequence of operation is
decided on the basis of rules. It also includes number of repetitive operation (passes) when the
material to be removed (depth) exceeds the allowable depth of cut. The stock size selected from
data base is 22mm, which is nearer to part maximum diameter but more than the part max.
diameter. For example, in case of step turning (second cylinder) the diameter is to be reduced
from 21mm to 13mm which can not be done in one pass as allowable depth of cut is 1.5mm.
Hence three passes of depth of cut 1.5mm,1.5mm and 1mm respectively are required. The
finishing operation depth of cut is 0.5mm is taken at the end of all plain turning operations. As
per the procedure the sequence of operation starts and ends with facing operation of both sides.
After incorporating the sequence of operation, a process plan is generated which includes
description of cutting tool, cutting length and diameter, cutting parameters and machining time
calculations. The process plan for “Head pin” is shown in fig.4.
6. International Journal of Recent advances in Mechanical Engineering (IJMECH) Vol.3, No.4, November 2014
6
N0230 G01X-3.00T02F0.14S2387.32 EOB
N0240 G01Z-79.50 EOB
N0250 G00X3.00Z79.50 EOB
N0260 M05 EOB
6. CONCLUSIONS
In microplanning knowledge based approach is widely used. It is so because it incorporates all
human skills, large amount of qualitative knowledge, and search procedure required to take
various decisions in the form of decisions rules. The consistency in the decision can be
maintained due to same decision rules used irrespective of complications in the part geometry.
Moreover database approach is found more appropriate. It uses standard data relevant to specific
machine and particular operation.
Manufacturing industries are combining material processing, material handling and part
positioning system in to a single integrated manufacturing cell to offer flexibility, better quality
and improved productivity. Process planning and part programming time directly affect the
economic lot size. Automated process planning system can significantly enhance the throughput
of such integrated cells and lower the economic lot size dramatically.
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[1] Kenneth Castelino, (2004), “AMPS – An automated modular process planning system” ASME,
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[7] Yuan-Jye Tseng(1999) “A modular modeling approach by integrating feature recognition and feature-
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[8] Yuguang Wu (2008) “Automated modular fixture planning based on linkage mechanism
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[9] John M. Usher (2009) “Object Oriented approach to feature-based process planning”, Design and
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[10] Jian (John) Dong (2009) “ Intelligent feature extraction for concurrent design and manufacturing”
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[11] Zhang Wei Bo (2006) “Optimization of process route by Genetic Algorithms” Robotics and computer
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