acut myeloid leukaemia

1. Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Prepared by:
Supervision:

2. outline
Overview of leukaemia
Etiology AML
Epidemiology
Clinical findings
Classification
Treatment

3. Overview of leukaemia
• The leukaemias are a group of disorders
characterized by the accumulation of
malignant white cells in the bone marrow and
blood. because of:
bone marrow failure
infiltration of organs
 Classification
Acute and Chronic Leukemias
Myeloid and Lymphoid Leukemias

4. Etiology AML
• Classified by the cellular
appearance of the primary
stem cell
– Common myeloid
progenitor (CMP)
• Peak incidence in adults
over 60

5. Epidemiology

6. Clinical findings
• CLASSIC TRIAD
– Anemia
– Infection
– Bleeding/easy bruising/petechiae
• Fever
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
• Pallor

7. Lab Features : Peripheral blood
WBC count:
 increased.
>20% blasts present.
Auer rods: fused primary
granules in myeloblasts.
RBCs:
Decreased.
Hgb < 10g/Dl.
Platelets:
Decreased.

8. Lab Features:other
• Bone marrow aspirate :
Hypercellular
–blast cells ( > 20%),
–presence of Auer rods
• Cytochemistry :
Special stains to differentiate AML from ALL
Positivity with Sudan black .

9. WHO Classification of AML
• AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities
• AML with myelodysplasia- related changes
• AML with myelodysplasia- therapy related
• AML- not otherwise categorized

10. Treatment
• aim of treatment: in acute leukaemia is to
induce complete reducing ( < 5% blasts in the
bone marrow, normal blood counts and
clinical status)
• Specific therapy of AML :is determined by the
age and status of the patient .In younger
patients treatment is primarily with the use of
intensive chemotherapy(cytosine arabinoside)

11. Treatment
• Patients over 70 years
The median age for presentation of AML is
approximately 65 years and treatment
outcomes in the elderly are poor because of
primary disease resistance and poor
tolerability of intensive treatment protocols.
Death from haemorrhage, infection or
failure of the heart, kidneys or other organs is
more frequent than in younger patients.

12. Thank you