The document discusses the basic structure of aircraft, including the main components and materials used. It describes the fuselage, wings, empennage, power plant, and landing gear. For fuselage structure, it explains the truss type, Pratt truss, Warren truss, monocoque, and semi-monocoque designs. The truss type uses rigid frames of beams or tubes, while the monocoque and semi-monocoque designs use aluminum sheets over frames and stringers to form a stiff shell structure. Common materials used are high strength, lightweight, corrosion resistant, and non-flammable.

1. Basic Aircraft Structure
Final Presentation Presented To:
Respected Sir:-
Rana Athar Munir

2. Group
Presentation
• Awais Hassan
• Sap: 70113186
• Abdul Moiz
• Sap: 70109260

3. Basic Aircraft
Structure
• Aircraft Components
• Material use in Airframe Construction
• Example of Material use in Airframe
Construction
• Fuselage Structure:
1. Truss Type
2. Pratt Truss
3. Warren Truss
4. Monocoque
5. Semi-Monocoque
• Basic Structure
• Wing Structure
• Empennage Structure
• Power Plant
• Landing Gear Structure

4. Aircraft
Components
• A. Fuselage
• B. Wings
• C. Empennage or Tail
• D. Power Plant
• E. Landing Gear or
Undercarriage

5. Fuselage
• The fuselage is the
‘body’ of an aircraft, its
primary structure; it is
the envelope that
houses the cockpit, the
space for carrying
passengers or for the
cargo hold.
• Carries accessories
and other equipment’s.

6. WING
• Airfoils attached to each side of the
fuselage
• Main lifting surfaces
• Various design size and shape
• May be attached at the top, middle,
or lower portion of the
• fuselage
• - High-wing, mid-wing, and low-wing
• The number of wings can also vary
• - Monoplanes, biplanes

7. Empennage

8. Power
Plant

9. Landing Gear
• Located underneath of the
fuselage with shock strut
• Fixed / Retractable
• Provides means of landing
taxiing
• Tri- cycle –Conventional
type
• Floating gear for seaplane
/ski- equipped for ice
surface landing etc.

10. Material use in Airframe
Construction
• Airframe Materials Properties
• - High Strength to Weight ratio
• - Light weight
• - Corrosion Resistant
• - Should be non-flammable
• - High quality

11. Fuselage
Structure
• BASIC STRUCTURE
TYPES
• TRUSS TYPE
• - PRATT TRUSS
• - WARREN TRUSS
• MONOCOQUE
• SEMI-MONOCOQUE

12. TRUSS TYPE
• Most early aircraft used this
technique with wood and wire
trusses and this type of structure is
still in use in many lightweight
aircraft using welded steel tube
trusses. The truss type fuselage
frame is assembled with a rigid
frame e.g. beams, bar, tube etc….
• There are two types of truss
structure.
• - PRATT TRUSS
• - WARREN TRUSS

13. PRATT TRUSS
• Early days Wooden or metal
structure Great weight
• Difficult to streamline
• Diagonal members of tubing or
solid rods

14. WARREN TRUSS
• Force transfer to every
others structure
• Capable to carry tension +
compression.
• Reduce amount of webs
work
• More space , strength ,
rigidity
• Better streamline

15. Warren Truss Structure of an airplane

16. Monocoque /SEMI-
MONOCOQUE
• This is the preferred method of constructing an all-aluminum
fuselage. First, a series of frames in the shape of the fuselage
cross sections are held in position on a rigid fixture, These
frames are then joined with lightweight longitudinal elements
called stringers. These are in turn covered with a skin of sheet
aluminum, attached by riveting or by bonding with special.
Most modern large aircraft are built using this technique.
• Monocoque is a structural technique in which stresses are reacted by a
thin membrane or a shell of material, rather than a collection of beams.
Such structures are stiff in bending, and light, and are therefore ideal for
weight-sensitive vehicles such as airplanes