Artificial Intelligence In Microbiology by Dr. Prince C P
AJAY YADAV ppt of panc..pptx
1. Submitted By –
Ajay Kumar Yadav
MSc.Zoology(previous)
Submitted To –
Mr. Rajneesh Mishra
HOD , Zoology
PANCREAS
2. INTRODUCTION:-
The pancreas is an organ of the digestive system and
endocrine system of vertebrates.
In humans, it is located in the abdomen behind the
stomach and functions as a gland.
The pancreas is a mixed or heterocrine gland.
3. STRUCTURE:-
Pancreatic tissue is present in
all vertebrates but its precise
form and arrangement varies
widely.
In humans, its stretching from
behind the stomach to the left
upper abdomen near the
spleen.
In adults, it is about 12-15 cm
long, lobulated, and salmon-
coloured in appearance.
4. DEVELOPMENT:-
The pancreas forms during
development from 2 buds
that arise from duodenal part
of the foregut.
Pancreatic development
begins with the formation of a
dorsal and ventral pancreatic
bud.
5. • Dorsal bud and ventral bud
joins with the foregut through a
duct.
• The dorsal pancreatic bud forms
the neck, body, and the tail part
of the developed pancreas.
• The ventral pancreatic bud
forms the head part of the
developed pancreas.
6. FUNCTIONS:-
The pancreas is involved in blood sugar
control and metabolism within the body, and
also in the secretion of the substances that
help in digestion.
Pancreas perform the following functions:-
1) Endocrine function
2) Exocrine function
7. EXOCRINE FUNCTION:-
The pancreas contain exocrine glands that produce
enzymes important to digestion.
These enzymes includes trypsin and chymotrypsin to
digest protein.
Amylase for the digestion of the carbohydrates and lipase
to break down fats.
The common bile duct originates in the liver and the gall
bladder and produces another important digestive juice
called Bile.
8. ENDOCRINE FUNCTION:-
The endocrine component of
the pancreas consist of islet
cells that create and release
important hormones directly
to the blood stream.
Two main hormones are
insulin and glucagon.
Maintaining proper blood
sugar level is crucial to the
functioning of key organs
including the brain, liver and
kidney.
9. DISEASES OF THE PANCREAS:-
Disorder affecting pancreas include pancreatitis ,
pancreatic cancer. Each disorder may exhibit different
symptoms and requires different treatments.
PANCREATITIS:-
it is the inflammation of the
pancreas that occur when pancreatic enzyme
secretions build up and begin to digest the organ itself
. It can occur as acute painful attack lasting a matter of
days .
10. PANCREATIC CANCER:-
Particularly the most common type is
Adenocarcinoma.
Pancreatic cancer is rare in people
younger than 40 and the median age of
diagnosis is 71.
25% of the cases are attributable to
tobbacco and smoking while only 5-
10% cases are linked to inherited genes.
11. DIABETES MELLITUS:-
• Diabetes mellitus type 1:-
It is chronic autoimmune
diseases in which the immune system attacks the
insulin secreating beta cells of the pancreas .
• Insulin is needed to keep blood sugar level within
optimal range and its lack can lead to high blood
sugar.
• Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age but most often
seem before age 40.
12. DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2:-
It is the most common type diabetes .
The cause for high blood sugar in this is the
combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin
secreation.
For this ,both the genetic and environmental factors
are responsible.
