1. The study examined 20 infants aged 2-3 months who slept in their parents' bed and in a cot next to the bed on consecutive nights while being monitored physiologically and via video.
2. The majority of infants (14/20) had their airways (mouth and nose) covered at some point during the bed night, compared to only 2/20 infants on the cot night. However, airway covering did not consistently affect oxygen saturation levels or heart rate.
3. All instances of airway covering were initiated by parents, with parents terminating most (70%) instances and infants terminating the rest (30%). Some potential compression by parental limbs was observed but lasted less than 15 seconds and was
Early childhood spans from birth to age 5 and involves remarkable physical, cognitive, socio-emotional, and language development. Key physical milestones include walking, running, and fine motor skills like scribbling and cutting. Cognitively, children progress from sensorimotor thinking to representational thought, such as pretend play and understanding of symbols. Socio-emotionally, children develop self-awareness and understanding of emotions while learning social skills through family and peer interactions. This period lays the groundwork for further development across multiple domains.
This document provides a summary and analysis of research on co-sleeping (infant sleeping in close proximity to caregivers) and breastfeeding. It finds that:
1) Some forms of co-sleeping can facilitate breastfeeding and provide infant protection, while other arrangements like sleeping on couches are unsafe.
2) Studies show risks of co-sleeping like SIDS are increased for babies of smoking parents, though benefits of breastfeeding may outweigh risks for non-smoking families.
3) Recommendations are made that healthcare providers should not assume all families co-sleep unsafely, and that open discussion of risks/benefits allows informed decision making.
This document discusses sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and modifiable risk factors. It notes that SIDS remains the leading cause of infant death beyond the neonatal period despite decreases from recommendations that infants sleep on their backs. Prone sleeping, soft sleep surfaces, loose bedding, overheating, maternal smoking, and bed sharing have been identified as independent risk factors. National campaigns emphasizing back sleeping have significantly reduced SIDS rates. Further reduction may require increased focus on additional modifiable factors like sleep surface and position.
Compared With Cot Sleeping In The Home Setting Differences In Infant And Pare...Biblioteca Virtual
This study observed differences in infant and parent behaviors during bed sharing compared to cot sleeping in the home. 40 bed-sharing infant-parent pairs were matched with 40 cot-sleeping pairs and their overnight behaviors were video recorded. The study found that while total sleep time was similar, bed-sharing infants slept in the side position more and cot-sleeping infants slept supine more. Bed-sharing infants experienced more parental touching, looking, and breastfeeding but also more head covering. Whether increased head covering and side sleeping during bed-sharing increases SIDS risk requires further research.
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
: https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) affects premature infants who are unable to produce enough surfactant in their lungs. Surfactant allows the small air sacs in the lungs to remain open for breathing. Through research in the mid-20th century, scientists discovered that a lack of surfactant caused RDS. The development of surfactant replacement therapies dramatically reduced mortality from RDS. However, extremely premature infants are still at risk of chronic lung disease due to complications from RDS and its treatment. Ongoing research focuses on better prevention, treatment and management of RDS and its long term effects.
Early childhood spans from birth to age 5 and involves remarkable physical, cognitive, socio-emotional, and language development. Key physical milestones include walking, running, and fine motor skills like scribbling and cutting. Cognitively, children progress from sensorimotor thinking to representational thought, such as pretend play and understanding of symbols. Socio-emotionally, children develop self-awareness and understanding of emotions while learning social skills through family and peer interactions. This period lays the groundwork for further development across multiple domains.
This document provides a summary and analysis of research on co-sleeping (infant sleeping in close proximity to caregivers) and breastfeeding. It finds that:
1) Some forms of co-sleeping can facilitate breastfeeding and provide infant protection, while other arrangements like sleeping on couches are unsafe.
2) Studies show risks of co-sleeping like SIDS are increased for babies of smoking parents, though benefits of breastfeeding may outweigh risks for non-smoking families.
3) Recommendations are made that healthcare providers should not assume all families co-sleep unsafely, and that open discussion of risks/benefits allows informed decision making.
This document discusses sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and modifiable risk factors. It notes that SIDS remains the leading cause of infant death beyond the neonatal period despite decreases from recommendations that infants sleep on their backs. Prone sleeping, soft sleep surfaces, loose bedding, overheating, maternal smoking, and bed sharing have been identified as independent risk factors. National campaigns emphasizing back sleeping have significantly reduced SIDS rates. Further reduction may require increased focus on additional modifiable factors like sleep surface and position.
Compared With Cot Sleeping In The Home Setting Differences In Infant And Pare...Biblioteca Virtual
This study observed differences in infant and parent behaviors during bed sharing compared to cot sleeping in the home. 40 bed-sharing infant-parent pairs were matched with 40 cot-sleeping pairs and their overnight behaviors were video recorded. The study found that while total sleep time was similar, bed-sharing infants slept in the side position more and cot-sleeping infants slept supine more. Bed-sharing infants experienced more parental touching, looking, and breastfeeding but also more head covering. Whether increased head covering and side sleeping during bed-sharing increases SIDS risk requires further research.
Để xem full tài liệu Xin vui long liên hệ page để được hỗ trợ
: https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
HOẶC
https://www.facebook.com/garmentspace/
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
https://www.facebook.com/thuvienluanvan01
tai lieu tong hop, thu vien luan van, luan van tong hop, do an chuyen nganh
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) affects premature infants who are unable to produce enough surfactant in their lungs. Surfactant allows the small air sacs in the lungs to remain open for breathing. Through research in the mid-20th century, scientists discovered that a lack of surfactant caused RDS. The development of surfactant replacement therapies dramatically reduced mortality from RDS. However, extremely premature infants are still at risk of chronic lung disease due to complications from RDS and its treatment. Ongoing research focuses on better prevention, treatment and management of RDS and its long term effects.
1. The document analyzes how exposure to air pollution from a coal-fired power plant affects the pulmonary function of schoolchildren living nearby, based on their initial health status.
2. The children were divided into three groups: healthy, those with chest symptoms, and those diagnosed with asthma. Exposure estimates were obtained for each child's home using air quality monitoring data and GIS mapping.
3. Pulmonary function tests conducted in 1996 and 1999 showed that air pollution exposure had the greatest negative impact on the pulmonary function of children with initial chest symptoms, followed by healthy children, while the impact was smallest for children diagnosed with asthma.
Breastfeeding for 4 months or less does not significantly increase the risk of asthma in children at 14 years according to a study of 4964 children. The study found similar rates of asthma whether children were breastfed for 4 months or less or not breastfed after controlling for potential confounding factors like maternal asthma. There was no association found between duration of breastfeeding and reported asthma symptoms, medication use, school days missed, or hospital admissions related to asthma. The study provides evidence that breastfeeding does not impact the prevalence of asthma in late childhood.
Unsafe Sleep Practices And An Analysis Of Bedsharing Among Infants Dying Sudd...Biblioteca Virtual
This study analyzed 119 cases of sudden unexpected infant death in the St. Louis area between 1994-1997. The study found that:
1) 61.1% of infants were found prone, 29.4% had their head or face covered by bedding, and 47.1% were sleeping on an adult bed or other non-approved surface.
2) Only 8.4% of infants were found non-prone, with their head and face uncovered.
3) Similar unsafe sleeping practices were seen in cases diagnosed as SIDS, accidental suffocation, and undetermined cause of death, suggesting these diagnoses may overlap.
4) The findings support public health recommendations encouraging supine sleep on firm
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden, unexplained death of an infant under 1 year of age and is the leading cause of death between 1 month and 1 year old. Risk factors include sleeping on the stomach or soft surfaces, bed-sharing, prematurity, and secondhand smoke exposure. Studies have found correlations between SIDS and alcohol consumption, as rates increased on weekends and among children of alcohol-using mothers. Prone sleeping, bed-sharing, loose bedding, and sleeping away from home increased SIDS risk, while pacifier use decreased risk. Breastfeeding was found to reduce SIDS risk, with a stronger protective effect with exclusive breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding Patterns In Relation To Thumb Sucking And Pacifier UseBiblioteca Virtual
This document describes a study examining the relationship between breastfeeding patterns, thumb sucking, and pacifier use in 506 mother-infant pairs in Sweden. The study found that pacifier use was associated with fewer breastfeeds per 24 hours, shorter suckling duration, shorter exclusive breastfeeding duration, and shorter total breastfeeding duration compared to no pacifier use. These associations were not found for thumb sucking. The negative effects of pacifiers on breastfeeding seemed related to frequency of pacifier use.
The document summarizes changes in the understanding of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) since 1992, including:
1) The SIDS rate has decreased 53% since 1992, likely due to the recommendation that infants sleep supine, though some decrease may be due to diagnostic coding shifts.
2) Side sleeping has a higher risk than supine sleeping, so supine sleeping is now recommended.
3) Soft bedding and bed sharing, especially with smokers or on soft surfaces, increase the risk of SIDS.
4) Room sharing without bed sharing and pacifier use may reduce the risk of SIDS.
This study analyzed data from over 15,000 infants in the UK Millennium Cohort Study to examine the relationship between breastfeeding and hospitalization for diarrhea and respiratory infections in the first 8 months of life. The results showed that exclusive breastfeeding, compared to no breastfeeding, was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for both diarrhea and respiratory infections after adjusting for various confounding factors. Partial breastfeeding also showed a protective effect, but it was weaker than exclusive breastfeeding. The protective effects of breastfeeding decreased after breastfeeding cessation. The study suggests that increased rates of exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding could significantly reduce hospitalizations in the UK.
BIOPHILIC DESIGN IN THE OTIS CLASSROOMTino, Antonella, H.docxrichardnorman90310
BIOPHILIC DESIGN
IN THE OTIS CLASSROOM
Tino, Antonella, Helen & Sam
INTRO TO BIOPHILIA
Biophilia (meaning love of nature) focuses on human’s innate attraction to nature and natural
processes. It suggests that we all have a genetic connection to the natural world built up
through hundreds of thousands of years of living in agrarian settings. Biophilic design dates
back to the early '80s when a biologist named Edward Wilson hypothesized that humans
have an innate biological affinity for the natural world. A survey on human activity deemed
that humans spend 90% of our time indoors which makes it a necessity for the outdoors to be
brought in and create environments that reference nature.
“Quite a few studies show how a proximity
to nature, or even a visual image, helps
foster a more positive outlook. If you ask
someone to give you an image of
something inspiring, nine out of ten people
will show you a landscape, so there’s
something innate in nature that equals
happiness.”
How can we redesign or add elements to the Otis
College campus that reinforce the positive values
of helping students relax, reflect, and mentally
rejuvenate. How can we design it to reflect
principles of Biophilia or nature inspired design?
By redesigning the basic principles of a classroom
at Otis, we can change the environment to be
more conducive to learning and mental health
benefits.
Having an environment that promotes wellness
affects us all in a positive way. Our happiness levels
increase, we feel more optimistic and we will most
likely work better too.
DESIGN BRIEF
NEGATIVES
The windows of the classroom are a problem for most students. The sunlight is very dazzling and hot
when it comes through the glass. Students will cover the windows with cardboard to avoid sunlight.
When the classrooms are full, the air becomes very stagnant and hot due to poor ventilation and no
circulation.
Open ceilings can see all the pipes, and harsh lighting also makes the rooms feel cold and uninviting.
The furniture and desks are very small and uncomfortable and are made of plastic and metal. They
also make it very hard to collaborate.
Finally, the flooring is a white linoleum that make the room feel clinical.
All of these aspects are examples of why these classrooms are not conducive to a learning
environment. A classroom should be comfortable, calming and should support collaboration.
OTIS CLASSROOM
OTIS CLASSROOM
In the current classroom environment, it can be hard to work or focus due to the very artificial
elements of the room.
By adding different elements of Biophilic design to the current classroom, we can greatly change the
work environment. Using biological patterns, such as those found in leaves or plant life, we can come
up with beautiful designs that reflect nature which will create a new work environment for us.
HOW NATURE INSPIRES BIOPHILIC DESIGN
Biophilic designs are not just fixtures
with greenscape and plants..
at SciVerse ScienceDirectSocial Science & Medicine 75 (201.docxikirkton
at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Social Science & Medicine 75 (2012) 323e330
Contents lists available
Social Science & Medicine
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/socscimed
Breastfeeding and risk of overweight and obesity at nine-years of age
Cathal McCrory*, Richard Layte 1
The Economic and Social Research Institute, Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Available online 17 April 2012
Keywords:
Ireland
Breastfeeding
Children
Overweight
Obesity
Body mass index (BMI)
Cohort study
* Corresponding author. Tel.: þ353 1 8632027; fax:
E-mail address: [email protected] (C. McCror
1 Tel.: þ353 1 8632027; fax: þ353 1 8632100.
0277-9536/$ e see front matter � 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.048
a b s t r a c t
Whether breastfeeding is protective against the development of childhood overweight and obesity
remains the subject of considerable debate. Although a number of meta-analyses and syntheses of the
literature have concluded that the greater preponderance of evidence indicates that breastfeeding
reduces the risk of obesity, these findings are by no means conclusive. The present study used data from
the Growing Up in Ireland study to examine the relationship between retrospectively recalled breast-
feeding data and contemporaneously measured weight status for 7798 children at nine-years of age
controlling for a wide range of variables including; socio-demographic factors, the child’s own lifestyle-
related behaviours, and parental BMI. The results of the multivariable analysis indicated that being
breastfed for between 13 and 25 weeks was associated with a 38 percent (p < 0.05) reduction in the risk
of obesity at nine-years of age, while being breastfed for 26 weeks or more was associated with a 51
percent (p < 0.01) reduction in the risk of obesity at nine-years of age. Moreover, results pointed towards
a doseeresponse patterning in the data for those breastfed in excess of 4 weeks. Possible mechanisms
conveying this health benefit include slower patterns of growth among breastfed children, which it is
believed, are largely attributable to differences in the composition of human breast milk compared with
synthesised formula. The suggestion that the choice of infant feeding method has important implications
for health and development is tantalising as it identifies a modifiable health behaviour that is amenable
to intervention in primary health care settings and has the potential to improve the health of the
population.
� 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction
The belief that breastfeeding during infancy affords protection
against a number of diseases features prominently in the epide-
miological literature; there is considerable evidence to support this
assertion. Breastfeeding is associated with reduced risk for
a number of neonatal infections including gastro-intestinal infec-
tions, diarrhoeal infections, and types of extra-intestinal infecti ...
The biological perspective in psychology focuses on how physical processes in the body interact with the external environment to influence perceptions, memories, behaviors, and interactions. It examines how genetics and heredity shape individuals as well as the effects of health, illness, and stress on emotions. As humans are diverse, their physiology and environmental stimuli help them constantly adapt to changing situations and survive. The behavioral perspective views behavior as influenced by environmental rewards and punishments that encourage or discourage actions, as observed through social cognitive learning.
Sleep And Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Research Infant Arousals During Mother...Biblioteca Virtual
This study examined how bed sharing impacts infant arousal and sleep stages using polysomnography on 35 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs. The study found that bed sharing promoted more frequent infant arousals, especially during quiet/deep sleep stages. Bed sharing also reduced infants' time spent in quiet/deep sleep stages. By facilitating arousals and reducing deep sleep, bed sharing may enhance infants' ability to arouse in response to dangerous situations, potentially protecting against SIDS. The temporal overlap of infant and mother arousals doubled with bed sharing, suggesting mothers may also be more responsive to infants' needs during co-sleeping.
Delayed Breastfeeding Initiation Increases Risk Of Neonatal MortalityBiblioteca Virtual
This document summarizes a study that investigated the relationship between the timing of breastfeeding initiation and neonatal mortality in Ghana. The study found that initiating breastfeeding within the first day of life reduced the risk of neonatal death, with even earlier initiation (within the first hour) further reducing risk. Delaying breastfeeding initiation beyond 1 day increased the risk of neonatal death. The study suggests that promoting early breastfeeding initiation could significantly reduce neonatal mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa.
This document discusses co-sleeping (sleeping in the same bed as an infant) and the risks versus benefits. It presents research showing that co-sleeping can increase risks like SIDS if unsafe practices are followed, but may also provide benefits like increased breastfeeding and infant arousal if done safely. The document seeks perspectives on whether co-sleeping should be discouraged or if the risks are significantly supported, and cultural factors are also discussed. Responses are requested regarding educating parents on safe co-sleeping practices instead of discouragement.
The document discusses co-sleeping (sleeping in the same bed as an infant), its risks and benefits, and two students' perspectives on the topic. Student One outlines risks of co-sleeping like SIDS but notes research showing benefits like increased breastfeeding and bonding. They say co-sleeping cannot be discouraged but parents must be educated on safe practices. Student Two says the debate should be on what type of co-sleeping (room-sharing, bed-sharing, etc.) and educating parents, not discouraging it. Cultural practices and developmental advantages are discussed, but more research is still needed.
This document reviews the radiographic appearance of the infant chest in cases of cough and fever. It discusses the relevant anatomy, physiology, immunology, and pathology to explain why infant chest radiographs look different than adult chest radiographs during respiratory infections. Specifically, it notes that air trapping is the hallmark of inflammatory lung disease in infants, as their small, compliant airways are prone to narrowing and residual volume increases during infections. Bacterial pneumonia can appear the same in infants and adults on chest radiographs.
Targeting black voters and government officialsRegina Navejar
The document discusses targeting of black voters and government officials during Reconstruction in the South. It describes how the KKK used violence and intimidation tactics to suppress the black vote for Republicans in order to overthrow Republican Reconstruction governments. The KKK's activities included attacking Abram Colby, a leader who threatened white control. Congress authorized President Grant to use troops to suppress the KKK, leading to hundreds of arrests, but the KKK regained strength as Reconstruction efforts weakened.
Math Lesson 1- Advisory--grades 10-12--week of september 15th Regina Navejar
This math enrichment lesson contains 3 multiple choice questions. The first question asks to simplify an expression. The second question is blank. The third question asks how many diagonals a 10 sided shape will have, providing information that triangles have 0 diagonals, quadrilaterals have 2, and pentagons have 5. It then shows the number of sides and diagonals for shapes from 3 to 10 sides.
1. The document analyzes how exposure to air pollution from a coal-fired power plant affects the pulmonary function of schoolchildren living nearby, based on their initial health status.
2. The children were divided into three groups: healthy, those with chest symptoms, and those diagnosed with asthma. Exposure estimates were obtained for each child's home using air quality monitoring data and GIS mapping.
3. Pulmonary function tests conducted in 1996 and 1999 showed that air pollution exposure had the greatest negative impact on the pulmonary function of children with initial chest symptoms, followed by healthy children, while the impact was smallest for children diagnosed with asthma.
Breastfeeding for 4 months or less does not significantly increase the risk of asthma in children at 14 years according to a study of 4964 children. The study found similar rates of asthma whether children were breastfed for 4 months or less or not breastfed after controlling for potential confounding factors like maternal asthma. There was no association found between duration of breastfeeding and reported asthma symptoms, medication use, school days missed, or hospital admissions related to asthma. The study provides evidence that breastfeeding does not impact the prevalence of asthma in late childhood.
Unsafe Sleep Practices And An Analysis Of Bedsharing Among Infants Dying Sudd...Biblioteca Virtual
This study analyzed 119 cases of sudden unexpected infant death in the St. Louis area between 1994-1997. The study found that:
1) 61.1% of infants were found prone, 29.4% had their head or face covered by bedding, and 47.1% were sleeping on an adult bed or other non-approved surface.
2) Only 8.4% of infants were found non-prone, with their head and face uncovered.
3) Similar unsafe sleeping practices were seen in cases diagnosed as SIDS, accidental suffocation, and undetermined cause of death, suggesting these diagnoses may overlap.
4) The findings support public health recommendations encouraging supine sleep on firm
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden, unexplained death of an infant under 1 year of age and is the leading cause of death between 1 month and 1 year old. Risk factors include sleeping on the stomach or soft surfaces, bed-sharing, prematurity, and secondhand smoke exposure. Studies have found correlations between SIDS and alcohol consumption, as rates increased on weekends and among children of alcohol-using mothers. Prone sleeping, bed-sharing, loose bedding, and sleeping away from home increased SIDS risk, while pacifier use decreased risk. Breastfeeding was found to reduce SIDS risk, with a stronger protective effect with exclusive breastfeeding.
Breastfeeding Patterns In Relation To Thumb Sucking And Pacifier UseBiblioteca Virtual
This document describes a study examining the relationship between breastfeeding patterns, thumb sucking, and pacifier use in 506 mother-infant pairs in Sweden. The study found that pacifier use was associated with fewer breastfeeds per 24 hours, shorter suckling duration, shorter exclusive breastfeeding duration, and shorter total breastfeeding duration compared to no pacifier use. These associations were not found for thumb sucking. The negative effects of pacifiers on breastfeeding seemed related to frequency of pacifier use.
The document summarizes changes in the understanding of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) since 1992, including:
1) The SIDS rate has decreased 53% since 1992, likely due to the recommendation that infants sleep supine, though some decrease may be due to diagnostic coding shifts.
2) Side sleeping has a higher risk than supine sleeping, so supine sleeping is now recommended.
3) Soft bedding and bed sharing, especially with smokers or on soft surfaces, increase the risk of SIDS.
4) Room sharing without bed sharing and pacifier use may reduce the risk of SIDS.
This study analyzed data from over 15,000 infants in the UK Millennium Cohort Study to examine the relationship between breastfeeding and hospitalization for diarrhea and respiratory infections in the first 8 months of life. The results showed that exclusive breastfeeding, compared to no breastfeeding, was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for both diarrhea and respiratory infections after adjusting for various confounding factors. Partial breastfeeding also showed a protective effect, but it was weaker than exclusive breastfeeding. The protective effects of breastfeeding decreased after breastfeeding cessation. The study suggests that increased rates of exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding could significantly reduce hospitalizations in the UK.
BIOPHILIC DESIGN IN THE OTIS CLASSROOMTino, Antonella, H.docxrichardnorman90310
BIOPHILIC DESIGN
IN THE OTIS CLASSROOM
Tino, Antonella, Helen & Sam
INTRO TO BIOPHILIA
Biophilia (meaning love of nature) focuses on human’s innate attraction to nature and natural
processes. It suggests that we all have a genetic connection to the natural world built up
through hundreds of thousands of years of living in agrarian settings. Biophilic design dates
back to the early '80s when a biologist named Edward Wilson hypothesized that humans
have an innate biological affinity for the natural world. A survey on human activity deemed
that humans spend 90% of our time indoors which makes it a necessity for the outdoors to be
brought in and create environments that reference nature.
“Quite a few studies show how a proximity
to nature, or even a visual image, helps
foster a more positive outlook. If you ask
someone to give you an image of
something inspiring, nine out of ten people
will show you a landscape, so there’s
something innate in nature that equals
happiness.”
How can we redesign or add elements to the Otis
College campus that reinforce the positive values
of helping students relax, reflect, and mentally
rejuvenate. How can we design it to reflect
principles of Biophilia or nature inspired design?
By redesigning the basic principles of a classroom
at Otis, we can change the environment to be
more conducive to learning and mental health
benefits.
Having an environment that promotes wellness
affects us all in a positive way. Our happiness levels
increase, we feel more optimistic and we will most
likely work better too.
DESIGN BRIEF
NEGATIVES
The windows of the classroom are a problem for most students. The sunlight is very dazzling and hot
when it comes through the glass. Students will cover the windows with cardboard to avoid sunlight.
When the classrooms are full, the air becomes very stagnant and hot due to poor ventilation and no
circulation.
Open ceilings can see all the pipes, and harsh lighting also makes the rooms feel cold and uninviting.
The furniture and desks are very small and uncomfortable and are made of plastic and metal. They
also make it very hard to collaborate.
Finally, the flooring is a white linoleum that make the room feel clinical.
All of these aspects are examples of why these classrooms are not conducive to a learning
environment. A classroom should be comfortable, calming and should support collaboration.
OTIS CLASSROOM
OTIS CLASSROOM
In the current classroom environment, it can be hard to work or focus due to the very artificial
elements of the room.
By adding different elements of Biophilic design to the current classroom, we can greatly change the
work environment. Using biological patterns, such as those found in leaves or plant life, we can come
up with beautiful designs that reflect nature which will create a new work environment for us.
HOW NATURE INSPIRES BIOPHILIC DESIGN
Biophilic designs are not just fixtures
with greenscape and plants..
at SciVerse ScienceDirectSocial Science & Medicine 75 (201.docxikirkton
at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Social Science & Medicine 75 (2012) 323e330
Contents lists available
Social Science & Medicine
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/socscimed
Breastfeeding and risk of overweight and obesity at nine-years of age
Cathal McCrory*, Richard Layte 1
The Economic and Social Research Institute, Whitaker Square, Sir John Rogerson’s Quay, Dublin 2, Ireland
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Available online 17 April 2012
Keywords:
Ireland
Breastfeeding
Children
Overweight
Obesity
Body mass index (BMI)
Cohort study
* Corresponding author. Tel.: þ353 1 8632027; fax:
E-mail address: [email protected] (C. McCror
1 Tel.: þ353 1 8632027; fax: þ353 1 8632100.
0277-9536/$ e see front matter � 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.048
a b s t r a c t
Whether breastfeeding is protective against the development of childhood overweight and obesity
remains the subject of considerable debate. Although a number of meta-analyses and syntheses of the
literature have concluded that the greater preponderance of evidence indicates that breastfeeding
reduces the risk of obesity, these findings are by no means conclusive. The present study used data from
the Growing Up in Ireland study to examine the relationship between retrospectively recalled breast-
feeding data and contemporaneously measured weight status for 7798 children at nine-years of age
controlling for a wide range of variables including; socio-demographic factors, the child’s own lifestyle-
related behaviours, and parental BMI. The results of the multivariable analysis indicated that being
breastfed for between 13 and 25 weeks was associated with a 38 percent (p < 0.05) reduction in the risk
of obesity at nine-years of age, while being breastfed for 26 weeks or more was associated with a 51
percent (p < 0.01) reduction in the risk of obesity at nine-years of age. Moreover, results pointed towards
a doseeresponse patterning in the data for those breastfed in excess of 4 weeks. Possible mechanisms
conveying this health benefit include slower patterns of growth among breastfed children, which it is
believed, are largely attributable to differences in the composition of human breast milk compared with
synthesised formula. The suggestion that the choice of infant feeding method has important implications
for health and development is tantalising as it identifies a modifiable health behaviour that is amenable
to intervention in primary health care settings and has the potential to improve the health of the
population.
� 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction
The belief that breastfeeding during infancy affords protection
against a number of diseases features prominently in the epide-
miological literature; there is considerable evidence to support this
assertion. Breastfeeding is associated with reduced risk for
a number of neonatal infections including gastro-intestinal infec-
tions, diarrhoeal infections, and types of extra-intestinal infecti ...
The biological perspective in psychology focuses on how physical processes in the body interact with the external environment to influence perceptions, memories, behaviors, and interactions. It examines how genetics and heredity shape individuals as well as the effects of health, illness, and stress on emotions. As humans are diverse, their physiology and environmental stimuli help them constantly adapt to changing situations and survive. The behavioral perspective views behavior as influenced by environmental rewards and punishments that encourage or discourage actions, as observed through social cognitive learning.
Sleep And Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Research Infant Arousals During Mother...Biblioteca Virtual
This study examined how bed sharing impacts infant arousal and sleep stages using polysomnography on 35 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs. The study found that bed sharing promoted more frequent infant arousals, especially during quiet/deep sleep stages. Bed sharing also reduced infants' time spent in quiet/deep sleep stages. By facilitating arousals and reducing deep sleep, bed sharing may enhance infants' ability to arouse in response to dangerous situations, potentially protecting against SIDS. The temporal overlap of infant and mother arousals doubled with bed sharing, suggesting mothers may also be more responsive to infants' needs during co-sleeping.
Delayed Breastfeeding Initiation Increases Risk Of Neonatal MortalityBiblioteca Virtual
This document summarizes a study that investigated the relationship between the timing of breastfeeding initiation and neonatal mortality in Ghana. The study found that initiating breastfeeding within the first day of life reduced the risk of neonatal death, with even earlier initiation (within the first hour) further reducing risk. Delaying breastfeeding initiation beyond 1 day increased the risk of neonatal death. The study suggests that promoting early breastfeeding initiation could significantly reduce neonatal mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa.
This document discusses co-sleeping (sleeping in the same bed as an infant) and the risks versus benefits. It presents research showing that co-sleeping can increase risks like SIDS if unsafe practices are followed, but may also provide benefits like increased breastfeeding and infant arousal if done safely. The document seeks perspectives on whether co-sleeping should be discouraged or if the risks are significantly supported, and cultural factors are also discussed. Responses are requested regarding educating parents on safe co-sleeping practices instead of discouragement.
The document discusses co-sleeping (sleeping in the same bed as an infant), its risks and benefits, and two students' perspectives on the topic. Student One outlines risks of co-sleeping like SIDS but notes research showing benefits like increased breastfeeding and bonding. They say co-sleeping cannot be discouraged but parents must be educated on safe practices. Student Two says the debate should be on what type of co-sleeping (room-sharing, bed-sharing, etc.) and educating parents, not discouraging it. Cultural practices and developmental advantages are discussed, but more research is still needed.
This document reviews the radiographic appearance of the infant chest in cases of cough and fever. It discusses the relevant anatomy, physiology, immunology, and pathology to explain why infant chest radiographs look different than adult chest radiographs during respiratory infections. Specifically, it notes that air trapping is the hallmark of inflammatory lung disease in infants, as their small, compliant airways are prone to narrowing and residual volume increases during infections. Bacterial pneumonia can appear the same in infants and adults on chest radiographs.
Targeting black voters and government officialsRegina Navejar
The document discusses targeting of black voters and government officials during Reconstruction in the South. It describes how the KKK used violence and intimidation tactics to suppress the black vote for Republicans in order to overthrow Republican Reconstruction governments. The KKK's activities included attacking Abram Colby, a leader who threatened white control. Congress authorized President Grant to use troops to suppress the KKK, leading to hundreds of arrests, but the KKK regained strength as Reconstruction efforts weakened.
Math Lesson 1- Advisory--grades 10-12--week of september 15th Regina Navejar
This math enrichment lesson contains 3 multiple choice questions. The first question asks to simplify an expression. The second question is blank. The third question asks how many diagonals a 10 sided shape will have, providing information that triangles have 0 diagonals, quadrilaterals have 2, and pentagons have 5. It then shows the number of sides and diagonals for shapes from 3 to 10 sides.
This document provides two links to online videos about mathematics topics. The first link is about data collection, representation, and interpretation in pre-algebra. The second link starts at the 0:30 mark and also covers pre-algebra concepts.
How to take notes-advisory week of september 15Regina Navejar
The document provides guidance on how to take effective notes in different contexts. It recommends keeping an organized notebook in advisory class and bringing it to data chats. In classes, the key is to write down important information in your own words, using abbreviations and drawings if helpful. When reading, you should interact with the text by writing notes, asking questions, and connecting ideas. For math, the document advises writing down definitions, sample problems, and the process for solving problems, and keeping notes organized by date and topic. In social studies, Cornell Notes and outlines are common note taking methods.
Lesson 03 -_time_managementj week of september 15Regina Navejar
This document outlines a lesson plan to teach students time management skills. The goal is for students to learn how to organize their time to prepare for academic success. Students will use time management tools like schedules, calendars, assignment sheets, and goal setting to manage their responsibilities. They will practice applying these skills by ordering a list of tasks and discussing time management strategies. Completing accompanying worksheets will allow students to implement these skills in planning their own schedules.
The document provides the schedule and lesson plans for an English class across two days. On the first day, students will be learning about figurative language and paraphrasing. They will analyze poems that use similes, metaphors, and personification. The next day, students will continue practicing paraphrasing and analyzing poetry through examining the poem "Morning" and discussing a documentary about poetry slams.
This document provides schedules for English 9, English 10, and sponge classes for the week of September 30th. It outlines activities and assignments for each day, including reviewing terms and stories, note-taking, outlining papers, reading assignments, and tests. Students are expected to complete notes, outlines, reader's logs, and begin drafting papers in English while answering reflection questions in sponge.
This document provides schedules and lesson plans for English classes at Hamilton High School. On Mondays, Wednesdays and Thursdays, English 9 classes will focus on writing an analytical paper, including reviewing notes, outlining, drafting and revising. English 10 classes will discuss literary elements like themes and characters in short stories, and complete reading comprehension activities. Both classes include daily "sponge" questions to start class discussions.
This document contains information about classroom procedures and assignments for Mrs. Navejar's English class during the week of September 2nd through September 13th. It outlines the daily sponge questions and assignments for each day, including reading Walter Mitty and completing vocabulary and grammar activities. It also lists the common core standards that will be covered during the unit, such as citing textual evidence, determining themes, and analyzing characters.
The document provides lesson plans for English 9 and 10 classes on two separate days. For English 9, the plan includes reviewing terms, completing a reading log for a short story, identifying literary elements, and practicing a reading strategy. Vocabulary work involves an "Immersed in Words Chart". For English 10, the plan consists of a sponge activity, reviewing a research article and citation styles, and beginning a new short story while completing another reading log. Both classes involve vocabulary development through a similar chart activity.
The document provides schedules and instructions for English 9, 10, and Reader's Log classes on September 20th. For English 9, students will review learning intentions, terms, and continue reading "The Most Dangerous Game" using context clues and identifying suspense and central conflict. English 10 will review a test, questions, and begin reading "Contents of a Dead Man's Pocket" starting the reader's log. The reader's log directs creating an "Immersed in Words Chart" and connecting, background, literary analysis, reading strategy, and vocabulary sections.
This document contains the weekly schedule and lesson plans for English classes at an unspecified school during the week of September 9th. On Mondays, the English 9 class covered point of view, characters, Latin roots, and synonyms. The English 10 class reviewed a short story and focused on foreshadowing, safety instructions, and vocabulary. Subsequent days covered topics like short story analysis, grammar, and comparing/contrasting characters. The schedule provides an overview of the instructional focus for each English class each day that week.
This document provides a weekly schedule for English classes during the week of September 9th. On Mondays, English 9 students learned about point of view, character types, Latin roots, subjects and predicates, and synonyms. English 10 students reviewed "The Monkey's Paw" and read "The Bridegroom". Tuesday's English 9 class involved writing stories and reviewing grammar terms, while English 10 practiced identifying subjects and predicates. The schedule outlined activities for each day that week.
Welcome to english 9 week of tuesday september 4thRegina Navejar
This document contains the lesson plans and instructions for an English 9 class over the course of one week. On the first day, the instructors are introduced and the course expectations and materials are reviewed. Students complete an introductory activity and homework is assigned on punctuation. Subsequent lessons cover assessments, curriculum maps, textbooks, and persuasive writing techniques, with homework assigned each day focusing on language skills.
Navejar english 09_curriculum_map_semester_1Regina Navejar
The document outlines the curriculum for an English 10 semester 1 course. It includes units on short stories, poetry, and preparing for standardized tests. For each unit, it lists the common core standards covered, titles of readings with lexile levels, literary focuses, and reading and writing strategies. It also includes sections on assessments, learner objectives, correctives and enrichments, teacher reflection, ESL/special education support, and RTI monitoring.
This document provides an overview of a professional development session on processing the Common Core ELA shifts. It discusses the three main instructional shifts required by CCSS: building knowledge through nonfiction, reading and writing grounded in evidence from texts, and regular practice with complex texts. It then covers why each shift is important and provides examples of scaffolding strategies for complex texts. The document outlines the session agenda, which includes analyzing sample texts to determine complexity, working with text-dependent questions, and debriefing lessons learned.
The document outlines writing portfolio requirements for students including 5 assignments that must be typed: 1) a timed writing on overcoming an obstacle with 3 paragraphs, 2) a summary of a Lancet article, 3) a poetry analysis, 4) a personal essay, and 5) a personal narrative. It provides formatting instructions for typed papers including font, spacing, indentation, and file saving. Students are directed to type and print their papers, saving them with their student ID number and assignment title. Directions are also given for a 4 paragraph personal narrative on a chosen prompt.
The document outlines the expectations and schedule for an English 9 semester 2 class, including arriving on time, having no cell phones, and being respectful. It also provides the reading standards and objectives for the week, which include analyzing themes, characters, and language in literature as well as writing skills. The schedule details activities for each day such as reading poems, learning about literary elements, and drafting a personal essay.
This document outlines the weekly plan and expectations for an English 9 semester 2 class. The week will focus on poetry about memory and family. Students will read and analyze poems such as "My Papa's Waltz" in small groups, learning about literary elements like imagery and figurative language. They will write a draft poetry analysis and get peer feedback. The plan provides learning objectives, activities, and resources for each day.
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
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Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
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In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.