The document is a project report for an airline reservation system developed by Simran Bani as part of her engineering curriculum at Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College. It outlines the project's objectives, database connectivity using JDBC, methodologies, system requirements, and the software development process. The project aims to enable users to search, book, and cancel flights while providing essential technical details and design architecture.

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELGAUM
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM LAB
A MINI PROJECT REPORT ON
“AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM”
A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the 5th
Semester
Bachelor of Engineering
in
Computer Science and Engineering
Submitted by:
Simran Bani
3GN15CS087
Under the Guidance:
Mr. Suresh Chimkode
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Mailoor Road, Bidar-585 403
2017-2018

2. GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Mailoor Road, Bidar-585403
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled “AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM” has
been successfully carried out by Simran Bani bearing USN 3GN15CS087, student of Guru
Nanak Dev Engineering College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the 5th
semester in
Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering of Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belgaum during academic year 2017-2018. The project report has
been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work for the said
degree.
Prof. Suresh Chimkode Prof. Ramesh Patil
PROJECT GUIDE HOD
Examiner’s Signatures:
1. 2.

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that I feel at the successful completion of my project, “AIRLINE
RESERVATION SYSTEM” would be incomplete if I did not mention the people, whose able
guidance and encouragement, crowned my efforts with success. It is my privilege to express my
gratitude and respect to all those who inspired and helped me in the completion of my Project. All
the expertise in this project belongs to those listed below.
I express my sincere thanks to our Principal Dr. Ashok H Biradar, GNDEC, Bidar for
giving me an opportunity to carry out my academic project.
I am greatly indebted to Prof. Ramesh Patil, HOD, Computer Science and Engineering
Department, GNDEC, Bidar for facilities and support extended to me.
I express my deepest gratitude and thanks to my guide Mr. Suresh Chimkode, Asst. Prof,
GNDEC, Bidar for giving his valuable cooperation and excellent guidance in completing the
project.
I express my sincere thanks to all the teaching & non teaching staff of Computer Science
and Engineering Department and my friends for their valuable cooperation during the development
of the project.
Simran Bani (3GN15CS087)

4. CONTENTS
1. ABSTRACT
2. DATABASE CONNECTIVITY
2.1 What is JDBC?
2.2 JDBC Architecture
2.3 Common JDBC components
2.4 What is JDBC Driver?
2.5 Establish connection using JDBC
2.5.1 Import JDBC Packages
2.5.2 Register JDBC Driver
2.5.3 Database URL Formulation
2.5.4 Create Connection Object
2.6 Closing JDBC Connections
3. METHODS DESCRIPTION
3.1 The Statement objects
3.2 The Prepared Statement objects
4. SCOPE AND NEED
5. PROJECT ANALYSIS
5.1 Problem Definition
5.2 System overview
5.2.1 Existing System
5.2.2 Proposed System
5.3 System Architecture
5.3.1 Schema Diagram
5.3.2 ER Diagram
6. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
6.1 Minimum hardware requirements
6.2 Software requirements
7. OUTPUT SCREENSHOTS
8. LIMITATIONS
9. SUMMARY,CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY

5. 1. ABSTRACT
The objective of the project is to design an Airline Reservation System application which
enables the customers to search , book flights and cancel flights. The project has been designed using
NetBeans IDE and consists of a MySQL Server which acts as the database for the project.
Our motivation for the project came from our enthusiasm and strong urge to learn JAVA
which is one of the fastest growing technologies in today’s world.
The Airline Reservation System project mainly consists of two types of users. The customers
who access the information provided by the website and the administrator who modifies and updates
the information available in the website. All the data needed for the application is stored in the form
of tables in the MySQL Server . The report contains the details of all the tasks carried out during the
entire software development life cycle of the Airline Reservation Project.

6. 2. DATABASE CONNECTIVITY
2.1 Whatis JDBC?
JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity, which is a standard Java API for database-
independent connectivity between the Java programming language and a wide range of databases.
The JDBC library includes APIs for each of the tasks mentioned below that are commonly
associated with database usage.
 Making a connection to a database.
 Creating SQL or MySQL statements.
 Executing SQL or MySQL queries in the database.
 Viewing & Modifying the resulting records.
Fundamentally, JDBC is a specification that provides a complete set of interfaces that allows
for portable access to an underlying database. Java can be used to write different types of
executables, such as −
 Java Applications
 Java Applets
 Java Servlets
 Java ServerPages (JSPs)
 Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs).
All of these different executables are able to use a JDBC driver to access a database, and take
advantage of the stored data.
JDBC provides the same capabilities as ODBC, allowing Java programs to contain database-
independent code.
2.2 JDBCArchitecture
The JDBC API supports both two-tier and three-tier processing models for database access
but in general, JDBC Architecture consists of two layers:-
 JDBC API: This provides the application-to-JDBC Manager connection.
 JDBC Driver API: This supports the JDBC Manager-to-Driver Connection.

7. The JDBC API uses a driver manager and database-specific drivers to provide transparent
connectivity to heterogeneous databases.
The JDBC driver manager ensures that the correct driver is used to access each data source.
The driver manager is capable of supporting multiple concurrent drivers connected to multiple
heterogeneous databases.
Following is the architectural diagram, which shows the location of the driver manager with
respect to the JDBC drivers and the Java application:-
2.3 CommonJDBC Components
The JDBC API provides the following interfaces and classes −
 DriverManager: This class manages a list of database drivers. Matches connection
requests from the java application with the proper database driver using communication sub
protocol. The first driver that recognizes a certain subprotocol under JDBC will be used to
establish a database Connection.
 Driver: This interface handles the communications with the database server. You will
interact directly with Driver objects very rarely. Instead, you use DriverManager objects,
which manages objects of this type. It also abstracts the details associated with working with
Driver objects.
 Connection: This interface with all methods for contacting a database. The connection
object represents communication context, i.e., all communication with database is through
connection object only.

8.  Statement: You use objects created from this interface to submit the SQL statements to the
database. Some derived interfaces accept parameters in addition to executing stored
procedures.
 ResultSet: These objects hold data retrieved from a database after you execute an SQL query
using Statement objects. It acts as an iterator to allow you to move through its data.
 SQLException: This class handles any errors that occur in a database application.
2.4 Whatis JDBCDriver?
JDBC drivers implement the defined interfaces in the JDBC API, for interacting with your
database server.
For example, using JDBC drivers enable you to open database connections and to interact
with it by sending SQL or database commands then receiving results with Java.
The Java.sql package that ships with JDK, contains various classes with their behaviours
defined and their actual implementations are done in third-party drivers. Third party vendors
implements the java.sql.Driver interface in their database driver.
2.5 Establishconnection using JDBC
After you've installed the appropriate driver, it is time to establish a database connection
using JDBC.
The programming involved to establish a JDBC connection is fairly simple. Here are these
simple four steps −
 Import JDBC Packages: Add import statements to your Java program to import required
classes in your Java code.
 Register JDBC Driver: This step causes the JVM to load the desired driver implementation
into memory so it can fulfill your JDBC requests.
 Database URL Formulation: This is to create a properly formatted address that points to the
database to which you wish to connect.
 Create Connection Object: Finally, code a call to the DriverManager
object's getConnection( ) method to establish actual database connection.

9. 2.5.1 ImportJDBCPackages
The Import statements tell the Java compiler where to find the classes you reference in your
code and are placed at the very beginning of your source code.
T o use the standard JDBC package, which allows you to select, insert, update, and delete data
in SQL tables, add the following imports to your source code −
import java.sql.* ; // for standard JDBC programs
import java.math.* ; // for BigDecimal and BigInteger support
2.5.2 RegisterJDBCDriver
You must register the driver in your program before you use it. Registering the driver is the
process by which the Oracle driver's class file is loaded into the memory, so it can be utilized as an
implementation of the JDBC interfaces.
You need to do this registration only once in your program. You can register a driver in one
of two ways.
ApproachI-Class.forName()
The most common approach to register a driver is to use Java's Class.forName() method, to
dynamically load the driver's class file into memory, which automatically registers it. This method is
preferable because it allows you to make the driver registration configurable and portable.
The following example uses Class.forName( ) to register the MySql JDBC driver −
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) {
System.out.println("Error: unable to load driver class!");
System.exit(1);
}
ApproachII-DriverManager.registerDriver()

10. The second approach you can use to register a driver, is to use the
static DriverManager.registerDriver() method.
You should use the registerDriver() method if you are using a non-JDK compliant JVM, such
as the one provided by Microsoft.
The following example uses registerDriver() to register the Oracle driver
try {
Driver myDriver = new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver();
DriverManager.registerDriver( myDriver );
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) {
System.out.println("Error: unable to load driver class!");
System.exit(1);
}
2.5.3DatabaseURLFormulation
After you've loaded the driver, you can establish a connection using
the DriverManager.getConnection() method. For easy reference, let me list the three overloaded
DriverManager.getConnection() methods −
 getConnection(String url)
 getConnection(String url, Properties prop)
 getConnection(String url, String user, String password)
Here each form requires a database URL. A database URL is an address that points to your
database.
Formulating a database URL is where most of the problems associated with establishing a
connection occurs.
Following table lists down the popular JDBC driver names and database URL.

11. RDBMS JDBC driver name URL format
MySQL com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc:mysql://hostname/ databaseName
ORACLE oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver jdbc:oracle:thin:@hostname:port
Number:databaseName
DB2 COM.ibm.db2.jdbc.net.DB2Driver jdbc:db2:hostname:port
Number/databaseName
Sybase com.sybase.jdbc.SybDriver jdbc:sybase:Tds:hostname: port
Number/databaseName
All the highlighted part in URL format is static and you need to change only the remaining part as
per your database setup.
2.5.4CreateConnectionObject
We have listed down three forms of DriverManager.getConnection()method to create a connection
object.
a) Usinga Database URL with a usernameand password
The most commonly used form of getConnection() requires you to pass a database URL,
a username, and a password:
Assuming you are using Oracle's thin driver, you'll specify a host:port:databaseName value
for the database portion of the URL.
If you have a host at TCP/IP address 192.0.0.1 with a host name of amrood, and your Oracle
listener is configured to listen on port 1521, and your database name is EMP, then complete database
URL would be −
jdbc:oracle:thin:@amrood:1521:EMP
Now you have to call getConnection() method with appropriate username and password to
get a Connection object as follows −
String URL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@amrood:1521:EMP";
String USER = "username";
String PASS = "password"
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASS);

12. b) Using Only aDatabaseURL
A second form of the DriverManager.getConnection( ) method requires only a database URL
−
DriverManager.getConnection(String url);
However, in this case, the database URL includes the username and password and has the
following general form −
jdbc:oracle:driver:username/password@database
So, the above connection can be created as follows −
String URL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:username/password@amrood:1521:EMP";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL);
c)Using aDatabaseURLand a PropertiesObject
A third form of the DriverManager.getConnection( ) method requires a database URL and a
Properties object −
DriverManager.getConnection(String url, Properties info);
A Properties object holds a set of keyword-value pairs. It is used to pass driver properties to
the driver during a call to the getConnection() method.
To make the same connection made by the previous examples, use the following code −
import java.util.*;
String URL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@amrood:1521:EMP";
Properties info = new Properties( );
info.put( "user", "username" );
info.put( "password", "password" );
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, info);

13. 2.6 Closing JDBC Connections
At the end of your JDBC program, it is required explicitly to close all the connections to the
database to end each database session. However, if you forget, Java's garbage collector will close the
connection when it cleans up stale objects.
Relying on the garbage collection, especially in database programming, is a very poor
programming practice. You should make a habit of always closing the connection with the close()
method associated with connection object.
To ensure that a connection is closed, you could provide a 'finally' block in your code.
A finally block always executes, regardless of an exception occurs or not.
To close the above opened connection, you should call close() method as follows −
conn.close();

14. 3) METHODS DESCRIPTION
JDBC-Statement,PreparedStatementandCallableStatement
Once a connection is obtained we can interact with the database. The
JDBC Statement,CallableStatement, and PreparedStatement interfaces define the methods and
properties that enable you to send SQL or PL/SQL commands and receive data from your database.
They also define methods that help bridge data type differences between Java and SQL data
types used in a database.
The following table provides a summary of each interface's purpose to decide on the interface
to use.
Interfaces Recommended Use
Statement Use the for general-purpose access to your database. Useful when you are
using static SQL statements at runtime. The Statement interface cannot accept
parameters.
PreparedStatement Use the when you plan to use the SQL statements many times. The
PreparedStatement interface accepts input parameters at runtime.
CallableStatement Use the when you want to access the database stored procedures. The
CallableStatement interface can also accept runtime input parameters.
3.1 The StatementObjects
a) Creating Statement Object
Before you can use a Statement object to execute a SQL statement, you need to create one using the
Connection object's createStatement( ) method, as in the following example −
Statement stmt = null;
try {
stmt = conn.createStatement( );
. . .
}
catch (SQLException e) {

15. . . .
}
finally {
. . .
}
Once you've created a Statement object, you can then use it to execute an SQL statement with
one of its three execute methods.
 boolean execute (String SQL): Returns a boolean value of true if a ResultSet object can be retrieved;
otherwise, it returns false. Use this method to execute SQL DDL statements or when you need to use truly
dynamic SQL.
 int executeUpdate (String SQL): Returns the number of rows affected by the execution of the SQL
statement. Use this method to execute SQL statements for which you expect to get a number of rows
affected - for example, an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement.
 ResultSet executeQuery (String SQL): Returns a ResultSet object. Use this method when you expect to
get a result set, as you would with a SELECT statement.
b)ClosingStatementObject
Just as you close a Connection object to save database resources, for the same reason you
should also close the Statement object.
A simple call to the close() method will do the job. If you close the Connection object first, it
will close the Statement object as well. However, you should always explicitly close the Statement
object to ensure proper cleanup.
Statement stmt = null;
try {
stmt = conn.createStatement( );
. . .
}
catch (SQLException e) {
. . .
}
finally {

16. stmt.close();
}
3.2 The PreparedStatementObjects
The PreparedStatement interface extends the Statement interface, which gives you added
functionality with a couple of advantages over a generic Statement object.
This statement gives you the flexibility of supplying arguments dynamically.
a)CreatingPreparedStatementObject
PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
String SQL = "Update Employees SET age = ? WHERE id = ?";
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(SQL);
. . .
}
catch (SQLException e) {
. . .
}
finally {
. . .
}
All parameters in JDBC are represented by the ? symbol, which is known as the parameter
marker. You must supply values for every parameter before executing the SQL statement.
b)ClosingPreparedStatementObject
Just as you close a Statement object, for the same reason you should also close the
PreparedStatement object.
A simple call to the close() method will do the job. If you close the Connection object first, it
will close the PreparedStatement object as well. However, you should always explicitly close the
PreparedStatement object to ensure proper cleanup.

17. PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
try {
String SQL = "Update Employees SET age = ? WHERE id = ?";
pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(SQL);
. . .
}
catch (SQLException e) {
. . .
}
finally {
pstmt.close();
}

18. 4) SCOPE AND NEED
Scope of the System
This Project is not only restricted to Computer Reservation Systems, but also other systems
dedicated to the optimal performance in the airline industry; airline agencies and their customers
inclusive. The outcome of this study will provide a basis for developing the appropriate approach to
the problems associated with air travelling operations in relation to Airline Reservation Systems. This
presentation will be beneficial to all those who make use of Airline Reservation Systems, flight
operators, air travelling operators, travel agents and airline agencies. The project is aimed at exposing
the relevance and importance of Airline Reservation Systems. It is projected towards enhancing the
relationship between customers and airline agencies, thereby easing the flight ticketing and selling
process and all air traveling operations.
Need of Airlines system
A few factors that direct us to develop a new system are given below:-
(a) Faster System
(b) Accuracy
(c) Reliability
(d) Informative
(e) Reservations and cancellations from anywhere to any place.

19. 5) PROJECT ANALYSIS
5.1) Problem Definition
Airline Reservation System contains the details about flight schedules and its fare tariffs,
passenger reservations and ticket records. An airline’s inventory contains all flights with their
available seats. The inventory of an airline service is generally divided into three category of classes
(e.g. First, Business or Economy class) and each category is having seats up to a certain
availability(as per the airline admin), along with prices. Inventory data is imported and maintained
through a Schedule Distribution System over standardized interfaces. One of the core functions of the
inventory management of airline reservations is the inventory control. Inventory control steers how
many seats are available for the different booking classes, by opening and closing individual booking
classes. In combination with the fares and booked seats, the price for each sold seat is determined.
The customer can also cancels his/her ticket by using TicketId. The management staff or
administrator can modify the details of the flight by using particular login details.
5.2) System overview
5.2.1) EXISTING SYSTEM:
In few countries if a person wants to book a flight ticket, he use to follow one of these things:
 Manually goes to the Airport and book his ticket.
 Downloading the ticket form as paper document, filling it manually and submitting it at
Airport.
 Fill the Ticket form on system and get the print out as paper documents to submit it at Airport.
 Booking the Ticket at some particular registered ticket counters in online.
 Even above approaches make a ticket booking online, it was not completely done on online.
Passenger may not have much freedom over this approach.
 Hence the Passenger may or may not be satisfied withthis approach as it includes manual
intervention like travelling to Airport for booking his ticket.
5.2.2) PROPOSED SYSTEM:
The Proposed system ensures the complete freedom for users, where user at his/her own
system can book ticket. Our proposed system allows users to book the tickets, view timings and

20. cancel their tickets. In this Proposal the entire work is done on online and ticket with id is also
provided for passengers if in case, they want to cancel their tickets.
MODULES: There is mainly 3 modules in our project:-
1. Ticket Booking module
2. Ticket Cancelling module
3. Administrative module
1. Ticket Booking module
In Ticket Booking module first we ask passenger to give his/her boarding details such as the
destinations, type of class and the day of boarding. After giving necessary details the passenger will
search for the flight. If the flight is available, the passenger has to select the flight, he/she wanted and
then proceed. After giving all necessary details, the passenger can book tickets with unique ticket id.
The passenger can book any number of seats. The total fare of the flight will be displayed at the end.
2. Ticket Cancelling module
In Ticket Cancelling module, the passenger can cancel his/her ticket by using ticket id. The
number of seats cancelled, thereafter will be added in the respective flight classes.
3. Administrative module
Administrative module is provided for the sake of administrators to manage the site and
update the content at regular intervals. The major operations included in this module are:
 Create and maintain airline schedule, fare and timings of the Flight.
 View the passenger list.
 View the available seats in the flights.
 Cancel the flights.
 Updating the flight schedule and timings and fare.

21. 6) SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
For the implementation of this project the minimum Hardware & Software requirements are
as follows:
6.1) Minimum Hardware Requirements:
 Pentium III @500 MHz or above,
 RAM 256 MB
 HD space required:
Space required for installation: 500 MB.
Space required after installation: 6 GB
 CD Rom drive 24x
6.2) Software Requirements:
 Windows 7 or Windows 8
 NetBeans IDE 8.2
 MySQL Server 5.1
 rs2xml.jar
 com.mysql.jdbc_5.1.5.jar
 jcalendar-1.4.jar

22. 7) OUTPUT SCREENSHOTS
 WELCOME PAGE
 If you go to TICKET BOOKING Module:-

24.  If you go to TICKET CANCELLATION MODULE:-

25.  If you SIGN IN As ADMIN:-

27. 8) LIMITATIONS
Even though the aim of the Developing team is to develop a software that is easy to use and
user friendly in nature but the level of abstraction can only be maintained up to a certain extent and
eventually properly trained user is recommended over a naïve one administer the software.
The Software may have to undergo rigorous testing before the actual implementation because
the scale on which it has to be implemented is vast and regular updates of the software will be
available to reduce the possibility of the existence of bugs in the system.
Compatibility issues may arise in the system regarding its functional behavior on various
platforms of operating system.
The database storage and retrieval shall be managed by either MySQL or Oracle database
management software's depending on their compatibility and ease of use with keeping the features
and need of the system in mind. The database may still have issues persisting like redundancy of
data which will be addressed by the developing team in the later versions of the software.
To execute the system properly, some of the Executable jar files have to included in the
project library.

28. 9) SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
This thesis proves beyond reasonable doubt, the impact of computerized airline reservation system on the
growth of the aviation industry in terms of accurate record keeping, speed in response to ticketing/ticket
reservation, efficiencyininformationhandlingandreliabilityandcost effectiveness.
CONCLUSION
Airline Reservation System has led to ease ofairline ticketing, flight scheduling and also provided a means
for customers to access and book flights with ease and in time. It has also increased the speed with which
informationabout customersareretrievedandhandledandflight scheduling is tasked.
RECOMMENDATION
Owing to the ease and comfort of Airline Reservation Systems, local flights which are not
on the system should be encouraged to compensate the system. Secondly, the system should be made
affordable so as to encourage consumers and travel agents on patronizing the system.

29. 10) BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Wikipedia page for
ARS:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airline_Reservation_System
 Further reading: Winston, Clifford, "The Evolution of the Airline
Industry"
 www.StackOverflow.com
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/jdbc/jdbc-result-sets.htm