Air pollution can harm human health, the environment, and property. The main air pollutants are particulate matter, ground-level ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Short-term exposure to elevated levels can cause respiratory illness while long-term exposure is linked to increased risk of heart and lung disease. Air pollution also harms vegetation and infrastructure. International standards aim to limit human exposure and environmental damage.
Air pollution is defined as the presence of contaminants in the air that can harm humans, animals, plants or property. Major air pollutants include nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. Nitrogen oxides can irritate lungs and damage tissue. Sulfur dioxide forms acids that also irritate lungs. The EPA regulates several air pollutants under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
This document provides information about air pollution including:
- Definitions of air pollution and air pollutants.
- Common air pollutants like nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and ozone and their health effects such as lung and respiratory irritation.
- Natural and human-caused sources of air pollution like vehicle exhaust, factories, mining operations, and natural events.
- Ways to minimize air pollution like improving emissions from factories and vehicles, using cleaner fuels, and increasing green spaces.
The document discusses the composition of the atmosphere and national air quality standards. It also outlines health impacts of various pollutants and effects on plants, materials and visibility.
Brachytherapy involves placing radioactive sources inside or near the target tissue. It began in 1898 with radium and has evolved with different radioactive isotopes and delivery methods. Common isotopes used today include iridium-192, cesium-137, palladium-103, iodine-125, and gold-198, which are used for interstitial, intracavitary, or permanent implantation depending on the clinical application and isotope properties.
Sealed radioactive sources are radioactive material permanently sealed in a capsule. Common sealed sources used in brachytherapy include cesium-137, iridium-192, cobalt-60, iodine-125, gold-198, and radium-226. Each isotope has different properties such as half-life, photon energy emitted, and exposure rate constant. Sources are constructed of radioactive material encapsulated in stainless steel, gold or platinum capsules to prevent leakage and are available in various geometries like seeds, ribbons, or tubes to suit different clinical applications in brachytherapy.
This document discusses quantitative NMR (Q-NMR) experiments. It addresses choosing a reference standard, using an internal standard to quantify analyte concentration, important sample considerations, acquisition parameters, and data processing factors. Choosing a reference standard that does not overlap with analyte signals and has similar properties is important. Integrating analyte and standard signals allows calculating analyte concentration using the known standard concentration. Acquisition parameters like number of scans and acquisition time impact signal-to-noise ratio and precision. Careful sample preparation and parameter selection are necessary for accurate and precise Q-NMR results.
Characterizing Nanoparticles used in Bio ApplicationsHORIBA Particle
Mark Bumiller from HORIBA Particle discusses current measurement technologies for investigating nanoparticles used in biologic and biotech applications.
This presentation is archived with the original webinar video in the Download Center at www.horiba.com/us/particle.
The recent trend of science and technology has shown a convergence from the macroscopic and microscopic levels to the nano and quantum scale. Over the past two decades, nanotechnology, a branch of engineering science that deals with creating objects smaller than 100 nm in dimension, has significantly advanced electronics, medicine, and materials, catalysis, and industrial engineering. This revolution has spawned activities affecting the social, economic, and environmental spheres, often in ways that are entirely unforeseen. Recent advances in material science and nanotechnology have given rise to a myriad of developments, while in the mean time call for research into the impacts of nanomaterials on the environment and human health. Although considerable progress has been made in the past decade concerning the behavior of nanomaterials in biological systems, such understanding is critically lacking with respect to the fate of nanomaterials in ecosystems.Biomaterials are sensitive when they are isolated out of their natural environment, so these applications usually require their integration into biocompatible abiotic matrices,Carbon nanotubes increases photosynthesis in green algae, photosynthesis of algae takes place in limited intensity of light, Carbon nanotubes of different size helps to absorb light of different intensities even UV and infrared also which harms microalgae as they have simple cell structure. Application of carbon nanotubes protect the algal cell from cell damage and enhance the photosynthetic activity .
Air pollution is defined as the presence of contaminants in the air that can harm humans, animals, plants or property. Major air pollutants include nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. Nitrogen oxides can irritate lungs and damage tissue. Sulfur dioxide forms acids that also irritate lungs. The EPA regulates several air pollutants under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
This document provides information about air pollution including:
- Definitions of air pollution and air pollutants.
- Common air pollutants like nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and ozone and their health effects such as lung and respiratory irritation.
- Natural and human-caused sources of air pollution like vehicle exhaust, factories, mining operations, and natural events.
- Ways to minimize air pollution like improving emissions from factories and vehicles, using cleaner fuels, and increasing green spaces.
The document discusses the composition of the atmosphere and national air quality standards. It also outlines health impacts of various pollutants and effects on plants, materials and visibility.
Brachytherapy involves placing radioactive sources inside or near the target tissue. It began in 1898 with radium and has evolved with different radioactive isotopes and delivery methods. Common isotopes used today include iridium-192, cesium-137, palladium-103, iodine-125, and gold-198, which are used for interstitial, intracavitary, or permanent implantation depending on the clinical application and isotope properties.
Sealed radioactive sources are radioactive material permanently sealed in a capsule. Common sealed sources used in brachytherapy include cesium-137, iridium-192, cobalt-60, iodine-125, gold-198, and radium-226. Each isotope has different properties such as half-life, photon energy emitted, and exposure rate constant. Sources are constructed of radioactive material encapsulated in stainless steel, gold or platinum capsules to prevent leakage and are available in various geometries like seeds, ribbons, or tubes to suit different clinical applications in brachytherapy.
This document discusses quantitative NMR (Q-NMR) experiments. It addresses choosing a reference standard, using an internal standard to quantify analyte concentration, important sample considerations, acquisition parameters, and data processing factors. Choosing a reference standard that does not overlap with analyte signals and has similar properties is important. Integrating analyte and standard signals allows calculating analyte concentration using the known standard concentration. Acquisition parameters like number of scans and acquisition time impact signal-to-noise ratio and precision. Careful sample preparation and parameter selection are necessary for accurate and precise Q-NMR results.
Characterizing Nanoparticles used in Bio ApplicationsHORIBA Particle
Mark Bumiller from HORIBA Particle discusses current measurement technologies for investigating nanoparticles used in biologic and biotech applications.
This presentation is archived with the original webinar video in the Download Center at www.horiba.com/us/particle.
The recent trend of science and technology has shown a convergence from the macroscopic and microscopic levels to the nano and quantum scale. Over the past two decades, nanotechnology, a branch of engineering science that deals with creating objects smaller than 100 nm in dimension, has significantly advanced electronics, medicine, and materials, catalysis, and industrial engineering. This revolution has spawned activities affecting the social, economic, and environmental spheres, often in ways that are entirely unforeseen. Recent advances in material science and nanotechnology have given rise to a myriad of developments, while in the mean time call for research into the impacts of nanomaterials on the environment and human health. Although considerable progress has been made in the past decade concerning the behavior of nanomaterials in biological systems, such understanding is critically lacking with respect to the fate of nanomaterials in ecosystems.Biomaterials are sensitive when they are isolated out of their natural environment, so these applications usually require their integration into biocompatible abiotic matrices,Carbon nanotubes increases photosynthesis in green algae, photosynthesis of algae takes place in limited intensity of light, Carbon nanotubes of different size helps to absorb light of different intensities even UV and infrared also which harms microalgae as they have simple cell structure. Application of carbon nanotubes protect the algal cell from cell damage and enhance the photosynthetic activity .
The document discusses proposed revisions to ambient air quality criteria and standards in India. It reviews the health effects and dose-response relationships of several key air pollutants including benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arsenic, lead, mercury, nickel, vanadium, and oxides of nitrogen. For each pollutant, it discusses current levels in India, existing standards, rationale for proposed new standards based on health risks, and comparisons with standards in other countries. The approach focuses on establishing standards to protect human health based on toxicological data and risk assessments.
This document discusses occupational exposure limits for dusts. It notes that even relatively low exposure to low-toxicity dust may cause adverse health effects, and current exposure limits are probably not protective enough. The document examines factors like dust surface area and composition that influence health impacts. It also estimates that over 9 million UK workers are exposed to dusts on the job in various industries. The Institute of Occupational Medicine recommends reducing dust exposures below current limits if possible.
Why ultrafines? Dr. Lei Dong presented by Markku RajalaCLEEN_Ltd
CLEEN's MMEA program organised an international seminar on cleaner air - Outdoor and indoor air quality together with Zhejiang University and assistant organizer Insigma group.
This is one of the presentations in the seminar.
More info in www.mmea.fi
The cleantech field is expanding rapidly and Finnish companies are committed to working for a better environment in the fields of energy efficiency, air quality and monitoring. The world-class Cleantech know-how from Finland and the cooperation with Chinese partners and the results were highlighted in the MMEA seminar. Some of the leading Finnish cleantech companies together with Finnish and Chinese research institutions were present at the event. The seminars focused on cooperation between Finland and China concerning indoor and outdoor air quality and solutions to make them better.
The health implications associated with short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter measuring less than 2.5 microns (PM 2.5) continues to raise concern. Certain health effects, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have long been associated with PM 2.5 exposure. Research into the association between respiratory conditions and PM 2.5 have been the basis for air quality regulations; however, recent literature suggests that PM 2.5 exposure may lead to far more adverse health effects such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and low birth weight. Additionally, it now appears that PM 2.5 may follow a non-threshold linear dose-response model, meaning there may be no safe level of PM 2.5. If this is the case, even stricter regulations will follow, putting more pressure on industry to lower the output of PM 2.5. It will also pave the way for unlimited litigation for personal harm and liability. As research involving PM 2.5 exposure and human health continues, businesses must be prepared for the coming onslaught of law suits and ever-increasing demands to remain in compliance with stricter regulations.
Low toxicity dusts: new concerns for old stuff. Retired
This document discusses the health risks posed by exposure to low toxicity dusts and argues that current exposure limits are not sufficiently protective of worker health. It notes that even relatively low exposures to dusts can harm the lung and that the surface area of dust particles, rather than just the concentration, is an important factor influencing health effects. The document recommends reducing workplace dust exposures as far below current limits as feasible and suggests aiming to keep respirable dust levels below 1 mg/m3.
Civic Exchange 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - WHO Guidelines & HowCivic Exchange
Civic Exchange 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - Experts Symposium 9 January 2009
WHO Guidelines & How
presented by Ross Anderson (St George's, University of London)
http://air.dialogue.org.hk
This document provides an overview of pharmaceutical inhalation technology. It discusses why inhalation is an effective drug delivery method, focusing on the lungs' ability to absorb molecules. Different dosage forms for inhalers are described, including metered dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizers. Key parameters for successful inhalers include reproducibility, purity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Characterization techniques are outlined, such as measuring aerodynamic particle size distribution using cascade impactors to determine particle deposition in the lungs. Overall, the document covers the fundamentals of inhalation technology and characterization methods for developing effective inhaled pharmaceutical products.
Civic Exchange - 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - Science to Policy - pre...Civic Exchange
Civic Exchange 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - Experts Symposium 9 January 2009
Science to Policy
presented by Ross Anderson (St George's, University of London)
http://air.dialogue.org.hk
The document discusses the health effects of traffic-related air pollution. It finds that exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) from traffic is associated with increased mortality and hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Ultrafine particles from traffic emissions promote early atherosclerosis and systemic oxidative stress. Studies show increased risks of childhood asthma and cardiovascular diseases for those living near busy roads. Further research is needed to identify the most toxic pollutant sources and biological mechanisms of health impacts.
A Combined Ozone Remedy for a Mixed VOC DNAPL Source ZoneChapman Ross, P.E.
Background/Objectives. In 2003, 1,300 drums and over 3,000 tons of soil were excavated from a drum disposal area in New England. Residual DNAPL created a 2,500 foot long plume that includes chlorobenzenes, toluene, and chlorinated ethenes. The plume discharges to a wetland and has led to vapor intrusion concerns at downgradient properties. Full-scale source zone remediation has been implemented to mitigate potential risks to ecological and human receptors.
Approach/Activities. Following extensive site characterization, bench-scale testing, and a successful field pilot test, the full-scale source zone remedy began in November 2010. The combined remedy approach uses physical, chemical, and biological treatment mechanisms to destroy the residual DNAPL in the vadose and saturated zones. Soil vapor extraction (SVE) and air sparging target the more volatile compounds, while in situ ozone injection (IOI) targets the less volatile compounds such as chlorobenzenes. Aerobic biological activity is also likely enhanced as a result of oxygen injection from IOI and air sparging. Three ozone injection systems deliver a total of 100 lbs of ozone per day to the subsurface; the SVE system extracts soil vapor at a rate of 650 scfm; the air sparge system continuously sparges air at 50 scfm at approximately 30 psi.
Results/Lessons Learned. Performance monitoring includes analysis of VOC concentrations in soil, soil gas, and groundwater. Quarterly low-flow groundwater sampling has shown substantial decreases in groundwater VOC concentrations relative to baseline. In the first six months of operation, 18 of the 20 monitoring wells sampled showed decreases in total VOC concentrations ranging from 14 to 97% with an average decrease of 57%. Furthermore, the mass discharge of total VOCs in groundwater from the source area has decreased from approximately 105 g/day before pilot-test start-up to less than 4 g/day. Concentrations of VOCs in soil gas are monitored in real-time by an automated soil gas monitoring system equipped with a photoionization detector (PID), and on a periodic basis with Waterloo Membrane Samplers™ that provide a speciated analysis of VOCs in soil gas. Of the 47 soil gas monitoring points that were sampled during the first six months of operation, 36 show decreasing trends in soil gas TVOC concentrations. Minimal rebound was observed in soil gas concentrations after treatment was temporarily suspended. Performance monitoring data have informed periodic system optimization to increase the efficiency of the remedy. These results indicate that the combined remedial technologies are effectively reducing source mass and mass discharge, and that the aggressive two year remedial time-frame will likely be met.
This document provides information about air and noise pollution over 12 hours of instruction. It discusses types of air pollutants such as primary and secondary pollutants. Measurement techniques for particulate and gaseous pollutants are described. Effects of air pollution like acid rain are outlined. Methods for air quality control through treatment of emission products using devices like settling chambers, cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, and bag filters are examined. Sample problems related to these topics are provided.
The document discusses mercury as a problem in indoor air. It provides 3 main points:
1) Mercury vaporizes from spills and contaminates indoor air, posing health risks especially to children and fetuses. Small spills can cause levels exceeding health guidelines.
2) Common sources of indoor mercury include thermometers, thermostats, fluorescent bulbs, and some religious practices.
3) Studies show that even minor spills can cause prolonged elevated indoor air levels, potentially exceeding occupational health standards and persisting for years. Children playing with mercury can be highly exposed.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
The document discusses proposed revisions to ambient air quality criteria and standards in India. It reviews the health effects and dose-response relationships of several key air pollutants including benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arsenic, lead, mercury, nickel, vanadium, and oxides of nitrogen. For each pollutant, it discusses current levels in India, existing standards, rationale for proposed new standards based on health risks, and comparisons with standards in other countries. The approach focuses on establishing standards to protect human health based on toxicological data and risk assessments.
This document discusses occupational exposure limits for dusts. It notes that even relatively low exposure to low-toxicity dust may cause adverse health effects, and current exposure limits are probably not protective enough. The document examines factors like dust surface area and composition that influence health impacts. It also estimates that over 9 million UK workers are exposed to dusts on the job in various industries. The Institute of Occupational Medicine recommends reducing dust exposures below current limits if possible.
Why ultrafines? Dr. Lei Dong presented by Markku RajalaCLEEN_Ltd
CLEEN's MMEA program organised an international seminar on cleaner air - Outdoor and indoor air quality together with Zhejiang University and assistant organizer Insigma group.
This is one of the presentations in the seminar.
More info in www.mmea.fi
The cleantech field is expanding rapidly and Finnish companies are committed to working for a better environment in the fields of energy efficiency, air quality and monitoring. The world-class Cleantech know-how from Finland and the cooperation with Chinese partners and the results were highlighted in the MMEA seminar. Some of the leading Finnish cleantech companies together with Finnish and Chinese research institutions were present at the event. The seminars focused on cooperation between Finland and China concerning indoor and outdoor air quality and solutions to make them better.
The health implications associated with short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter measuring less than 2.5 microns (PM 2.5) continues to raise concern. Certain health effects, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have long been associated with PM 2.5 exposure. Research into the association between respiratory conditions and PM 2.5 have been the basis for air quality regulations; however, recent literature suggests that PM 2.5 exposure may lead to far more adverse health effects such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and low birth weight. Additionally, it now appears that PM 2.5 may follow a non-threshold linear dose-response model, meaning there may be no safe level of PM 2.5. If this is the case, even stricter regulations will follow, putting more pressure on industry to lower the output of PM 2.5. It will also pave the way for unlimited litigation for personal harm and liability. As research involving PM 2.5 exposure and human health continues, businesses must be prepared for the coming onslaught of law suits and ever-increasing demands to remain in compliance with stricter regulations.
Low toxicity dusts: new concerns for old stuff. Retired
This document discusses the health risks posed by exposure to low toxicity dusts and argues that current exposure limits are not sufficiently protective of worker health. It notes that even relatively low exposures to dusts can harm the lung and that the surface area of dust particles, rather than just the concentration, is an important factor influencing health effects. The document recommends reducing workplace dust exposures as far below current limits as feasible and suggests aiming to keep respirable dust levels below 1 mg/m3.
Civic Exchange 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - WHO Guidelines & HowCivic Exchange
Civic Exchange 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - Experts Symposium 9 January 2009
WHO Guidelines & How
presented by Ross Anderson (St George's, University of London)
http://air.dialogue.org.hk
This document provides an overview of pharmaceutical inhalation technology. It discusses why inhalation is an effective drug delivery method, focusing on the lungs' ability to absorb molecules. Different dosage forms for inhalers are described, including metered dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizers. Key parameters for successful inhalers include reproducibility, purity, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Characterization techniques are outlined, such as measuring aerodynamic particle size distribution using cascade impactors to determine particle deposition in the lungs. Overall, the document covers the fundamentals of inhalation technology and characterization methods for developing effective inhaled pharmaceutical products.
Civic Exchange - 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - Science to Policy - pre...Civic Exchange
Civic Exchange 2009 The Air We Breathe Conference - Experts Symposium 9 January 2009
Science to Policy
presented by Ross Anderson (St George's, University of London)
http://air.dialogue.org.hk
The document discusses the health effects of traffic-related air pollution. It finds that exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) from traffic is associated with increased mortality and hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Ultrafine particles from traffic emissions promote early atherosclerosis and systemic oxidative stress. Studies show increased risks of childhood asthma and cardiovascular diseases for those living near busy roads. Further research is needed to identify the most toxic pollutant sources and biological mechanisms of health impacts.
A Combined Ozone Remedy for a Mixed VOC DNAPL Source ZoneChapman Ross, P.E.
Background/Objectives. In 2003, 1,300 drums and over 3,000 tons of soil were excavated from a drum disposal area in New England. Residual DNAPL created a 2,500 foot long plume that includes chlorobenzenes, toluene, and chlorinated ethenes. The plume discharges to a wetland and has led to vapor intrusion concerns at downgradient properties. Full-scale source zone remediation has been implemented to mitigate potential risks to ecological and human receptors.
Approach/Activities. Following extensive site characterization, bench-scale testing, and a successful field pilot test, the full-scale source zone remedy began in November 2010. The combined remedy approach uses physical, chemical, and biological treatment mechanisms to destroy the residual DNAPL in the vadose and saturated zones. Soil vapor extraction (SVE) and air sparging target the more volatile compounds, while in situ ozone injection (IOI) targets the less volatile compounds such as chlorobenzenes. Aerobic biological activity is also likely enhanced as a result of oxygen injection from IOI and air sparging. Three ozone injection systems deliver a total of 100 lbs of ozone per day to the subsurface; the SVE system extracts soil vapor at a rate of 650 scfm; the air sparge system continuously sparges air at 50 scfm at approximately 30 psi.
Results/Lessons Learned. Performance monitoring includes analysis of VOC concentrations in soil, soil gas, and groundwater. Quarterly low-flow groundwater sampling has shown substantial decreases in groundwater VOC concentrations relative to baseline. In the first six months of operation, 18 of the 20 monitoring wells sampled showed decreases in total VOC concentrations ranging from 14 to 97% with an average decrease of 57%. Furthermore, the mass discharge of total VOCs in groundwater from the source area has decreased from approximately 105 g/day before pilot-test start-up to less than 4 g/day. Concentrations of VOCs in soil gas are monitored in real-time by an automated soil gas monitoring system equipped with a photoionization detector (PID), and on a periodic basis with Waterloo Membrane Samplers™ that provide a speciated analysis of VOCs in soil gas. Of the 47 soil gas monitoring points that were sampled during the first six months of operation, 36 show decreasing trends in soil gas TVOC concentrations. Minimal rebound was observed in soil gas concentrations after treatment was temporarily suspended. Performance monitoring data have informed periodic system optimization to increase the efficiency of the remedy. These results indicate that the combined remedial technologies are effectively reducing source mass and mass discharge, and that the aggressive two year remedial time-frame will likely be met.
This document provides information about air and noise pollution over 12 hours of instruction. It discusses types of air pollutants such as primary and secondary pollutants. Measurement techniques for particulate and gaseous pollutants are described. Effects of air pollution like acid rain are outlined. Methods for air quality control through treatment of emission products using devices like settling chambers, cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, and bag filters are examined. Sample problems related to these topics are provided.
The document discusses mercury as a problem in indoor air. It provides 3 main points:
1) Mercury vaporizes from spills and contaminates indoor air, posing health risks especially to children and fetuses. Small spills can cause levels exceeding health guidelines.
2) Common sources of indoor mercury include thermometers, thermostats, fluorescent bulbs, and some religious practices.
3) Studies show that even minor spills can cause prolonged elevated indoor air levels, potentially exceeding occupational health standards and persisting for years. Children playing with mercury can be highly exposed.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
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Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
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Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
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Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
2. Definition
Air pollution may be defined as the presence
in the air (outdoor atmosphere) of one or
more contaminants or combinations
thereof in such quantities and of such
durations as may be or tend to be
injurious to human, animal or plant life,
or property, or which unreasonably
interferes with the comfortable
enjoyment of life or property or
conduct of business.
3. Air Pollutant
It is a substance or effect dwelling temporarily or
permanently in the air , which adversely alters the
environment by interfering with the health, the
comfort, or the food chain, or by interfering with the
property values of people.
A pollutant can be solid (large or sub-molecular), liquid
or gas .
It may originate from a natural or anthropogenic source
(or both).
It is estimated that anthropogenic sources have changed
the composition of global air by less than 0.01%.
However, it is widely accepted that even a small change
can have a significant adverse effect on the climate,
ecosystem and species on the planet.
Examples of these are acid rain, ozone in the lower
atmosphere, and photochemical smog.
4. Composition of
dry atmosphere, by volume
ppmv: parts per million by volume
Gas Volume
Nitrogen (N2) 780,840 ppmv (78.084%)
Oxygen (O2) 209,460 ppmv (20.946%)
Argon (Ar) 9,340 ppmv (0.9340%)
Carbon dioxide
375 ppmv
(CO2)
Neon (Ne) 18.18 ppmv
Helium (He) 5.24 ppmv
Methane (CH4) 1.745 ppmv
Krypton (Kr) 1.14 ppmv
Hydrogen (H2) 0.55 ppmv
Not included in above dry atmosphere:
Water vapor
typically 1%
(highly variable)
Mean Atmospheric Water Vapor.
Source for figures above: NASA. Carbon dioxide and methane updated (to 1998) by IPCC TAR table 6.1 [1]. The NASA total was 17 ppmv
over 100%, and CO2 was increased here by 15 ppmv. To normalize, N2 should be reduced by about 25 ppmv and O2 by about 7 ppmv.
Minor components of air not listed above include:
Gas Volume
nitrous
0.5 ppmv
oxide
xenon 0.09 ppmv
ozone 0.0 to 0.07 ppmv
nitrogen
0.02 ppmv
dioxide
iodine 0.01 ppmv
carbon
trace
monoxide
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Pollutant Primary Stds. Averaging Times Secondary
Stds.
1
Carbon Monoxide 9 ppm (10 8-hour None
3
mg/m )
1
35 ppm 1-hour None
3
(40 mg/m )
3
Lead 1.5 µg/m Quarterly Average Same as
Primary
Nitrogen Dioxide 0.053 ppm Annual (Arithmetic Same as
3
(100 µg/m ) Mean) Primary
Particulate Matter 50 µg/m3 Annual2 (Arith. Same as
(PM10) Mean) Primary
3 1
150 ug/m 24-hour
3 3
Particulate Matter 15.0 µg/m Annual (Arith. Same as
(PM2.5) Mean) Primary
3 4
65 ug/m 24-hour
5
Ozone 0.08 ppm 8-hour Same as
Primary
Sulfur Oxides 0.03 ppm Annual (Arith. Mean) -------
1
0.14 ppm 24-hour -------
1
------- 3-hour 0.5 ppm
3
(1300 ug/m )
1
Not to be exceeded more than once per year.
2
To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the weighted annual mean PM10 concentration at
3
each monitor within an area must not exceed 50 ug/m .
3
To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the weighted annual mean PM2.5 concentrations
3
from single or multiple community-oriented monitors must not exceed 15.0 ug/m .
4
To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations at
3
each population-oriented monitor within an area must not exceed 65 ug/m .
5
To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average
ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not exceed
0.08 ppm.
10. Index PSI Cautionary
Value Descriptor
General Statements
Health
Effects
Up to 50 Good None for the None required.
general population.
50 to 100 Moderate Few or none for None required.
the general
population.
100 to Unhealthful Mild aggravation of Persons with
200 symptoms among existing heart or
susceptible people, respiratory
with irritation ailments should
symptoms in the reduce physical
healthy population. exertion and
outdoor activity.
General population
should reduce
vigorous outdoor
activity.
200 to Very Significant Elderly and
300 Unhealthful aggravation of persons with
symptoms and existing heart or
decreased exercise lung disease
tolerance in should stay
persons with heart indoors and reduce
or lung disease; physical activity.
widespread General population
symptoms in the should avoid
healthy population. vigorous outdoor
activity.
Over 300 Hazardous Early onset of Elderly and
certain diseases in persons with
addition to existing diseases
significant should stay
aggravation of indoors and avoid
symptoms and physical exertion.
11.
12.
13.
14. Health Effects of Nitrogen
Oxides
• Short-term exposure at concentrations greater than
3 parts per million (ppm) can measurably decrease
lung function.
• Concentrations less than 3 ppm can irritate lungs.
• Concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm cause lung
irritation and measurable decreases in lung function
in asthmatics.
• Long-term lower level exposures can destroy lung
tissue, leading to emphysema.
• Children may also be especially sensitive to the
effects of nitrogen oxides.
15. Other Effects
• Seriously injure vegetation at certain
concentrations. Effects include:
– Bleaching or killing plant tissue.
– Causing leaves to fall.
– Reducing growth rate.
• Deteriorate fabrics and fade dyes.
• Corrode metals (due to nitrate salts
formed from nitrogen oxides).
• Reduce visibility.
16. Other Effects (Continued)
• Oxides of nitrogen, in the presence of
sunlight, can also react with
hydrocarbons, forming photochemical
oxidants or smog.
• Also, NOx is a precursor to acidic
precipitation, which may affect both
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
17. Sulfur Dioxide
Ninety-five percent of pollution related sulfur
oxide emissions are in the form of sulfur
dioxide (SO2), a heavy, colorless gas with an
odor like a struck match.
This gas combines easily with water vapor,
forming aerosols of sulfurous acid (H2SO3), a
colorless, mildly corrosive liquid.
This liquid may then combine with oxygen in
the air, forming the even more irritating and
corrosive sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
18. Other sulfur-containing
compounds
• Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas - rotten eggs.
• Mercaptans - skunk spray or decayed
garbage. (Added in trace amounts to natural
gas, providing a leak-detecting warning
odor.)
Note: The amount of SO2 released from coal
fired power plants depends on the sulfur
content of coal, normally 0.7% to 2% by
weight. High sulfur coal sometimes contains
as much as 6% sulfur by weight. In India,
sulfur content is quite low.
19. Health Effects of Sulfur Oxides
• Sulfur dioxide not only has a bad odor, it can
irritate the respiratory system.
• Exposure to high concentrations for short
periods of time can constrict the bronchi and
increase mucous flow, making breathing
difficult.
• Children, the elderly, those with chronic lung
disease, and asthmatics are especially
susceptible to these effects.
20. Sulfur dioxide can also:
• Immediately irritate the lung and throat at
concentrations greater than 6 parts per
million (ppm) in many people.
• Impair the respiratory system's defenses
against foreign particles and bacteria, when
exposed to concentrations less than 6 ppm
for longer time periods.
• Apparently enhance the harmful effects of
ozone. (Combinations of the two gases at
concentrations occasionally found in the
ambient air appear to increase airway
resistance to breathing.)
21. • Sulfur dioxide tends to have more toxic effects when acidic
pollutants, liquid or solid aerosols, and particulates are also
present. (In the past, thousands of excess deaths occurred in
areas where SO2 concentrations exceeded 1 ppm for a few days
and other pollutants were also high.) Effects are more
pronounced among mouth breathers, e.g., people who are
exercising or who have head colds.
These effects include:
• Health problems, such as episodes of bronchitis requiring
hospitalization associated with lower-level acid concentrations.
• Self-reported respiratory conditions, such as chronic cough and
difficult breathing, associated with acid aerosol concentrations.
(Asthmatic individuals are especially susceptible to these effects.
The elderly and those with chronic respiratory conditions may
also be affected at lower concentrations than the general
population.)
• Increased respiratory tract infections, associated with longer
term, lower-level exposures to SO2 and acid aerosols.
• Subjective symptoms, such as headaches and nausea, in the
absence of pathological abnormalities, due to long-term
exposure.
22. Sulfur oxides Effects on Plants
• Sulfur dioxide easily injures many plant species and
varieties, both native and cultivated. Some of the
most sensitive plants include various commercially
valuable pines, legumes, red and black oaks, white
ash, alfalfa and blackberry. The effects include:
• Visible injury to the most sensitive plants at
exposures as low as 0.12 ppm for 8 hours.
• Visible injury to many other plant types of
intermediate sensitivity at exposures of 0.30 ppm for
8 hours.
• Positive benefits from low levels, in a very few
species growing on sulfur deficient soils.
23. Other Effects
• Increases in sulfur dioxide concentrations
accelerate the corrosion of metals, probably
through the formation of acids. (SO2 is a
major precursor to acidic deposition.) Sulfur
oxides may also damage stone and masonry,
paint, various fibers, paper, leather, and
electrical components.
• Increased SO2 also contributes to impaired
visibility. Particulate sulfate, much of which
is derived from sulfur dioxide emissions, is a
major component of the complex total
suspended particulate mixture.
24. Health Effects of Ozone
• Ozone acts as a powerful respiratory irritant
at the levels frequently found in most of the
nation's urban areas during summer months.
• Ozone exposure may lead to:
– Shortness of breath.
– Chest pain when inhaling deeply.
– Wheezing and coughing.
Long-term, repeated exposure to high levels
of ozone may lead to large reductions in
lung function, inflammation of the lung
lining, and increased respiratory
discomfort.