AI: A Key Enabler for Sustainable Development Goals

MUSES_SECRET: ORF-RE Project - © PAMI Research Group – University of Waterloo 1/221
AI: A Key Enabler for Sustainable
Development Goals
Alaa Khamis, PhD, SMIEEE
Senior Advanced Technology Specialist, General Motors
http://www.alaakhamis.org/
BVA 2018 © Dr. Alaa Khamis

2
2018 © Dr. Alaa Khamis
SHORT BIO
• Associate Professor and Head of Engineering Science
Department at Suez University
• Founder and Chair of IEEE RAS Egypt Chapter
• Adjunct Professor - Autonomous Vehicles at Zewail City of
Science and Technology
• Adjunct Professor - Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems
Center - Nile University
• Head of Advanced Development Division at Sypron
Solution
• Associate Professor and Director of Robotics and
Autonomous Systems Research Group at German
University in Cairo
• M.Sc. Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University in 1998
• B.Sc. Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University in 1993
• Senior AI/ML Specialist at General Motors
Canada, July 2017-present
• Research Assistant Professor, AI Lecturer and
Smart Mobility Group Coordinator at University of
Waterloo
• Senior Research Scientist at Vestec, Inc.
• AI Consultant, MenyaSolutions
• Director of Engineering R&I - Canada Marques
Aviation Ltd
• Visiting Professor Université de Sherbrooke
Distinguished Scholar at FH Ravensburg-Weingarten, Germany
Visiting Researcher at University of Reading, UK
• Visiting Professor at Carlos
III University of Madrid
• Post-doctoral Fellow at
Carlos III University of
Madrid
• M.Sc. in 2010 and Ph.D. in
2003, Carlos III University
of Madrid

3
OUTLINE
AI Power and Limitations
A Closer Look at Machine Learning (ML)
AI for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Summary

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AI POWER AND LIMITATIONS

5
Robotics Self-Driving
Voice Assistants
Healthcare
Consumer Electronics Financial Advisor

6
Photo: Neota Logic

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Topic
High-level Functions
• Partially understood
• Not fully localized
o Perception
o Situation awareness
o Decision making under
uncertainty
o Learning
o Adaptation
o etc.
There is more we do NOT
know about the brain, than
what we do know
Low-level Functions
• Fully understood
• Localized
o Sensory functions (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch)
o Motor functions (object grasping)
o Sensorimotor functions (obstacle avoidance)
• i-level Intelligence

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Collective behavior is NOT simply
the sum of each participant’s
behavior, as others emerge at the
society level.
Low-level Functions
o Cooperative data gathering
o Information Exchange
o Cooperative object detection
o Cooperative Manipulation
High-level Functions
o Shared situation awareness
o Consensus finding
o Cooperative decision
making
o Group formation
o Multiagent learning
• g-level Intelligence

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• Weak/Narrow AI versus Strong/AGI and ASI
AI Wave Domain Brain Power
Artificial Narrow
Intelligence
(AI)
Domain-specific
(image recognition,
speech recognition, text
mining, etc.)
Looks similar but not
at the same level
(supresses brainpower
of mouse)
Artificial General
Intelligence
(AGI)
Cross-domain
capability (i-level)
Supresses brainpower
of human
Artificial
Superintelligence
(ASI)
Cross-domain
capability (i-level and
g-level)
Supresses brainpower
equivalent to all
human brains
combined
Mouse brain
Human brain
.
.
.
.
.
.
Super brain

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A CLOSER LOOK AT ML

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Source: Vishakha Jha, "Machine Learning Algorithm -
Backbone of emerging technologies", TechLeer, 2017.

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A CLOSER LOOK AT ML
• Datafication: Data is the new oil

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A CLOSER LOOK AT ML
• Robustness

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A CLOSER LOOK AT ML
• Trends in 2018

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AI FOR SDGS

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AI FOR SDGS
Benefits to the humanity
Sebastian Thrun Ray Kurzweil
Bill GatesStephen Hawking Elon Musk
Andrew Ng
Significant existential risk to humanity
• AI: Benefits or Risks?

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AI FOR SDGS

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AI FOR SDGS
Sharing economy as a business model
Mapping poverty with big data
analytics
Job increase in non-routine cognitive jobs
Source: US Population Survey; Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

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AI FOR SDGS
Satellite images analytics and
Agro-meteorological monitoring
In-field monitoring, harvesting
and picking, weed control,
autonomous mowing, sorting
and packing, etc.
Predict crop/animal
diseases, pesticide planning,
livestock management, etc.
Assessing
Soil/Crop/Livestock
Health

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AI FOR SDGS
Preventive Healthcare
(Discover measures to disease
prevention, as opposed to disease
treatment)
Predictive
Healthcare
(analyzes historical
data to prevent
future target events
Cognitive Healthcare
(automates decisions using
human-like analysis)
Personalized Healthcare
(Right patient, right drug,
right dose and the right time)

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AI FOR SDGS
Personalized Learning
• Interactive Massive Open
Online Courses (MOOC)
• Intelligent tutoring system
(ITS)
• Machine Teaching
. . .
Challenge-
based
Learning
(CBL)
Global Classroom
(Mixed reality,
computer vision and
monitoring
performance)

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AI FOR SDGS
• Monitoring and track gender bias and provide actionable
insights to the decision makers to drive balanced hiring
• Women economic empowerment (innovative technologies for skill
development and training women in vocational trades)

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AI FOR SDGS
• Smart water monitoring and management systems
• Smart renewable energy grids

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AI FOR SDGS
• AI keeps humans away from inhumane jobs (4D tasks:
Dangerous, Dull, Dirt and Dumb).
• AI creates new products and services resulting in
economic growth.
Source: US Population Survey; Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

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AI FOR SDGS
• AI plays instrumental role in the 4th industry revolution
Industry 4.0 that relies on digitalization, automation,
connectivity and analytics.
• It’s a key enabler for smart factories.
Better Quality
Increased
Productivity
Sharing
Economy
Improved
Decision
Making
Mass
Customization
Faster
Production
Industry 4.0

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AI FOR SDGS
• Robotic assistive systems will empower elderly and
physically challenged leading to more equal and inclusive
society.
MIT AgeLabUCL
wiredPinterest

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AI FOR SDGS
• Multimodal smart sensors to monitor different aspects in
the city/community and manage assets and resources
efficiently
• Smart cities to bring in efficiency and bottom-line benefits
as well as environmental improvements.
• Monitor consumption levels
• Predict optimal production levels to reduce waste.
• Global Earth Observation System of Systems
• Track stratospheric ozone depletion
• Model climate change to predict disasters such as
windstorms

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AI FOR SDGS
• Track illegal fishing activities through pattern recognition
• Track marine-life migration
• Underwater exploration using submarine robots
(example: Stanford OceanOne).
• Monitor airborne, marine, water pollutants, species
health, land-use change, food security and nutrition, noise
levels, weather-related stresses and disease vectors.
• Predict population trends, desertification trends,
epidemics, etc.
• Better surveillance, reconnaissance, demining, counter-
IEDs, planning and decision making technologies
• Enable efficiencies, transparency, engagement,
personalized and responsive intelligent services via
Smart Governance.

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SUMMARY

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SUMMARY
• The next wave of strong/general AI and superintelligence
will open the doors to create machines able to behave
cognitively like a super human at both individual level and
group level in unstructured, dynamic and partially observable
environments.
• Like any other technology, superintelligence is a double-
edged sword. It may represent a significant existential risk to
humanity if not regulated and smartly directed toward the
benefit of humanity.
• Aligned with 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
adopted by UN Member States, next wave of AI can play
instrumental roles in achieving these goals.

AI: A Key Enabler for Sustainable Development Goals

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