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![(1)Parliamentary elections were held in Italian Trust
Territory of Somaliland in February 1956.[1]
The Territorial Council had a total of 70 seats, of which 60 were
elected in 25 constituencies ranging in size from one to five seats.
The other ten seats were reserved for minority groups; four for
Italians, four for Arabs, one for Indians and one for Pakistanis.
Only men over the age of 21 were allowed to vote, whilst
candidates had to be at least 30, literate in both Arabic and
Roman alphabets, and have been resident in Somalia for at least a
year prior to the elections.[3]
The elections were direct in towns and municipalities, but indirect
in rural areas, where members were elected by 613 "shirs" (open
councils) between November 1955 and January 1956.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ahmedfoodcadepresentation-250525104243-3699baa4/85/Ahmed-Foodcade-Presentation-cantigate-pptx-11-320.jpg)
![Results
1. Somali Youth league 69
2. Somali National Congress 22
3. Somali Democratic Union 15
4. Somali Independent Constitutional Party 9
(4)Parliamentary elections were held in Somalia on 26 March 1969. A total
of 64 parties ran in the election, many of which had been formed shortly
beforehand.[1] The result was a victory for the Somali Youth League (SYL),
which won 73 of the 123 seats. In total, 27 parties won seats, but
immediately after the elections, most of the MPs for the smaller parties
joined the Somali Youth League. The SYL held 109 seats by the end of May,
in addition to being in a coalition with the Somali National Congress. This
gave the SYL control of 120 of the 123 seats.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ahmedfoodcadepresentation-250525104243-3699baa4/85/Ahmed-Foodcade-Presentation-cantigate-pptx-15-320.jpg)
Ahmed Foodcade Presentation cantigate .pptx
- 1. Phd Candidate inPublic policy and Governance Kyambogo University 2021----2024 Master of Science in Leadership and Governance Joma Kenyatta university of agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) 2015 – 11.2018 Master of Business Administration (MBA) 2012---10.2014 University of Somalia (UNISO) Bachelor of Arts in general social science and Humanities 2009 – 10.2012 University of Somalia (UNISO) Bachelor of Education in History and Geography 2005 – .2008 University of Somalia (UNISO)
- 2. Understanding the PoliticalParty Objectives 1. Political party. 2. Functions of political parties. 3. Types of political parties 4. Challenges facing political parties 5. Creating a successful political party 6. Political parties in some countries 7. Political Parties in Somalia 1955—1969 8. Leadership within Political Parties 9. The Role and Impact of Leadership of political party
- 3. 1. Political party •Apolitical party is an organized group of individuals who share common beliefs, values, and goals regarding governance and public policy. Political parties seek to influence government policy by getting their candidates elected to public office. Bridge between People and Government – Parties allow citizens to get their needs and wishes heard by government
- 4. 2. Functions ofParty • Representation: Political parties represent diverse groups and interests within society, providing a platform for various viewpoints and concerns. • Mobilization: Parties mobilize voters, encouraging participation in elections and political processes, thereby enhancing democratic engagement. • Recruitment and Training: They identify and support candidates for public office, offering training and resources to prepare them for political roles. • Government Organization: In legislative bodies, parties organize the government by forming coalitions, establishing leadership roles, and facilitating cooperation among elected officials. • Social Integration: They promote political stability by integrating various segments of society
- 5. 3.Types of Parties •Mass parties – well organized, and strive for large and ideologically committed membership • Cadre parties – weakly organized, based on a politically active elite, like the Republican and Democratic parties • Devotee parties – the party is built around one (usually charismatic) person, like the Nazis and Hitler--Personalistic parties, such as Perón’s in Argentina, and Saddam’s Ba’ath Party, are similar --Personalistic parties don’t last much beyond their founders Fluid Party Systems – typical of many new and unstable democracies, parties come and go, and have no fixed structure
- 6. 4.The challenges facingpolitical party Public Trust: Many voters have lost faith in political parties due to corruption scandals, perceived ineffectiveness, or failure to represent constituents' interests. Internal Conflicts Disagreements within parties over ideology or strategy can lead to fragmentation and weaken overall effectiveness. Changing Demographics Parties must adapt to a more diverse population with varying needs and priorities, including younger voters with different values. Urban vs. Rural Dynamics: Balancing interests between urban and rural constituents can be challenging. Leadership Challenges: Succession crises and leadership disputes can destabilize party unity. without Funding and Resources: Campaign Financing: Raising funds for campaigns is increasingly challenging, especially for smaller parties.
- 7. 5. Creating asuccessful political party Define Core Values, Vision and Mission Establish a clear set of values and principles that resonate with potential supporters. Build a Strong Leadership Team Assemble a diverse group of leaders with expertise in various areas (politics, economics, and social issues). Engage with the Community Foster connections with local communities to understand their needs and concerns.
- 8. Develop a ComprehensivePlatform Create policies that address key issues (e.g., healthcare, education, environment) and appeal to a broad audience. Effective Communication Strategy Utilize social media, traditional media, and community events to disseminate the party's message.
- 9. Grassroots Organizing Mobilize volunteersand supporters to engage in door-to-door canvassing. Fundraising and Resource Management Develop a robust fundraising strategy that includes small donations, events, and major donors. Strategic Alliances Collaborate with community leaders to enhance credibility and reach. and other political entities to expand influence. Candidate Recruitment and Training Identify and recruit candidates who embody the party's values and can effectively represent constituents.
- 10. 6. Political partiesin some countries • One-Party Systems – A 20th century phenomenon that includes totalitarian systems like the USSR and China, as well as emerging nations in Asia and Africa • Dominant-Party Systems – opposition parties may contest elections but rarely win • Two-Party Systems – two major parties have a roughly equal chance of winning and Third parties have little chance of winning but they remind major parties when voters very discontented • Multiparty Systems – Several parties compete, though seldom does one party gain a majority • Two-Plus Party Systems – Some countries now have two major parties and one or more relevant smaller parties – Germany has the Christian Democrats and the Social
- 11. (1)Parliamentary elections wereheld in Italian Trust Territory of Somaliland in February 1956.[1] The Territorial Council had a total of 70 seats, of which 60 were elected in 25 constituencies ranging in size from one to five seats. The other ten seats were reserved for minority groups; four for Italians, four for Arabs, one for Indians and one for Pakistanis. Only men over the age of 21 were allowed to vote, whilst candidates had to be at least 30, literate in both Arabic and Roman alphabets, and have been resident in Somalia for at least a year prior to the elections.[3] The elections were direct in towns and municipalities, but indirect in rural areas, where members were elected by 613 "shirs" (open councils) between November 1955 and January 1956.
- 12. The result wasa victory for the Somali Youth League (SYL), which won 43 of the 60 elected seats in the Territorial Council. Results 1. Somali Youth league 43 2. Hisbia Digil and Mirilfe 13 3. Somali Democratic Movement 3 (2)Parliamentary elections were held in the Italian Trust Territory of Somaliland on 8 March 1959. Amidst a boycott by the Somali Independent Constitutional Party and the Greater Somalia League, the result was a victory for the ruling Somali Youth League, which won 83 of the 90 seats in the enlarged Legislative Council Results 1. Somali Youth league 83 2. Somali Independent Constitutional Party 5 3. Liberal party 2
- 13. Parliamentary elections wereheld in British Somaliland on 18 March 1959, the first elections in the territory and were significant as they were the first democratic elections held in the British Somaliland Protectorate and Council had a total of 33 seats The Somali National League emerged as the dominant party, winning a significant number of seats 20 in the Legislative Council. Results 1. Somali National League 20 2. United Somali Party 12
- 14. (3)The elections werethe first to be held since the merger of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland created Somalia in 1960. After the union the two territories' parliaments had merged, retaining the same number of seats as in the 1960 elections in British Somaliland and the 1959 elections in Italian Somaliland. The first post-independence parliamentary elections were held in March 1964, under Law n. 4 of January 1964. The country was divided into 47 electoral districts, and the number of deputies for each district was specified in a schedule annexed to the electoral law. political party was entitled to present a list of candidates in any or all electoral districts; however, each list had to be accompanied by the signature of at least five hundred supporting voters and by a deposit of 5,000 shillings as security (equivalent to $700 at the time) Legislative elections were held on March 30, 1964, and the Somali Youth League (SYL) won 69 out of 123 seats in the National Assembly.
- 15. Results 1. Somali Youthleague 69 2. Somali National Congress 22 3. Somali Democratic Union 15 4. Somali Independent Constitutional Party 9 (4)Parliamentary elections were held in Somalia on 26 March 1969. A total of 64 parties ran in the election, many of which had been formed shortly beforehand.[1] The result was a victory for the Somali Youth League (SYL), which won 73 of the 123 seats. In total, 27 parties won seats, but immediately after the elections, most of the MPs for the smaller parties joined the Somali Youth League. The SYL held 109 seats by the end of May, in addition to being in a coalition with the Somali National Congress. This gave the SYL control of 120 of the 123 seats.
- 16. Political party leadershiprefers to the individuals or groups within a political party who hold significant authority and influence over the party's direction, policies, and strategies. This leadership typically includes: Party Leaders Executive Committees: Legislative Leaders:. Influence and Authority
- 17. The Role ofLeadership in Political Parties Vision and Direction Setting goals and objectives for the party Strategic Decision- Making. Navigating political challenges Representation and Advocacy Representing party interests and values Types of Leadership in Political Parties Formal Leadership Elected officials (e.g., party leaders, chairpersons) Informal Leadership Influential party members, activists Collective Leadership Leadership teams and committees
- 18. : Leadership Stylesin Political Parties Authoritarian Leadership Centralized control, quick decision-making Democratic Leadership Inclusive decision-making, encourages participation Transformational Leadership Inspiring change and innovation
- 19. : Impact ofLeadership on Party Dynamics Party Cohesion, Role in unifying members and fostering loyalty Electoral Success, Influence on election outcomes and voter engagement, Policy Development, Shaping party platforms and legislative agendas Case Studies Successful Leadership Examples Highlight specific leaders and their impact (e.g., Barack Obama, Angela Merkel) Nelson Mandella, Challenges Faced
- 20. :Challenges in PoliticalLeadership Internal Conflicts, Managing differing views within the party Public Trust and Credibility Public Perception, Impact of media and public opinion on leadership effectiveness Adaptation to Change, Responding to societal shifts and new political landscapes Leading effectively during crises can enhance a leader's reputation and trustworthiness. Discuss instances of leadership failures (e.g., party splits, loss of elections
- 21. :Questions and Discussion Inviteaudience questions Engage in a discussion on leadership experiences