The document discusses the global trend of population aging as mortality rates decline and birth rates fall. It notes populations are aging rapidly in countries like Japan and South Korea. This aging poses challenges like a declining labor force to support retired populations, increasing numbers of elderly living in poverty, and potential shortages in welfare and healthcare systems if the growth of the elderly population outpaces preparations. To address these issues, the document recommends encouraging higher birth rates, later retirement ages, job creation for older workers, and growing industries that serve aging populations.