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‫نادری‬ ‫فائزه‬
‫استاد‬
:
‫کراری‬ ‫حبیب‬ ‫دکتر‬
https://mfinet.ir
https://www.aparat.com/iran5.0
Agile supply chain
‫چابک‬ ‫تامین‬ ‫زنجیره‬
‫مقدمه‬
‫جهان‬
‫در‬
‫عصر‬
‫رقابت‬
‫در‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تأمین‬
‫قرار‬
‫دارد‬
.
‫جایی‬
‫که‬
‫ها‬‫سازمان‬
‫دیگر‬
‫با‬
‫ماهیت‬
‫مستقل‬
‫و‬
‫جداگانه‬
‫وجود‬
‫نخواهند‬
،‫داشت‬
‫بلکه‬
‫در‬
‫قالب‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تأمین‬
‫فعالیت‬
‫کنند‬‫می‬
‫تا‬
‫نظام‬
‫آفرینی‬‫ارزش‬
‫را‬
‫ایجاد‬
‫کنند‬
‫که‬
‫در‬
‫مقابل‬
‫تغییرات‬
‫سریع‬
‫بازار‬
‫امکان‬
‫پاسخگویی‬
،
‫دوام‬
‫و‬
‫اطمینان‬
‫بیشتری‬
‫داشته‬
‫باشند‬
.
‫های‬‫سازمان‬
‫چابک‬
‫نه‬
‫تنها‬
‫توانند‬‫می‬
‫تغییرات‬
‫مداوم‬
‫را‬
‫تجربه‬
،‫کنند‬
‫بلکه‬
‫توانند‬‫می‬
‫به‬
‫تغییرات‬
‫شدید‬
‫مورد‬
‫نیاز‬
‫بازار‬
‫نیز‬
‫واکنش‬
‫نشان‬
‫دهند؛‬
‫بنابراین‬
‫برای‬
‫های‬‫محیط‬
‫در‬
‫حال‬
‫تغییر‬
‫این‬
،‫دوران‬
‫چابکی‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تأمین‬
‫عاملی‬
‫است‬
‫حیاتی‬
‫که‬
‫بر‬
‫پذیری‬‫رقابت‬
‫ها‬‫سازمان‬
‫اثرگذار‬
‫باشد‬‫می‬
.
‫برای‬
‫کسب‬
‫مزیت‬
‫رقابتی‬
‫در‬
‫محیط‬
‫تعریف‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تأمین‬
‫چابک‬
‫یکی‬
‫از‬
‫انواع‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تأمین‬
‫است‬
‫که‬
‫به‬
‫پذیری‬‫انعطاف‬
‫نگرد‬‫می‬
‫و‬
‫بر‬
‫پاسخگویی‬
‫به‬
‫تغییرات‬
‫پیشبینی‬‫غیرقابل‬
‫بازار‬
‫و‬
‫سود‬
‫جستن‬
‫از‬
‫این‬
‫تغییرات‬
‫به‬
‫وسیله‬
‫تحویل‬
‫سریع‬
‫و‬
‫پذیری‬‫انعطاف‬
‫در‬
‫حجم‬
‫و‬
‫نوع‬
‫محصول‬
‫متمرکز‬
‫است‬
.
‫ساختار‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تأمین‬
‫به‬
‫وسیله‬
‫چهار‬
‫اصل‬
‫حمایت‬
‫شود‬‫می‬
‫که‬
‫عبارتند‬
‫از‬
:
•
‫کنترل‬
‫تغییر‬
‫جامع‬
‫و‬
‫عدم‬
‫اطمینان‬
•
‫ساختارهای‬
‫مدیریت‬
‫نوآوری‬
‫و‬
‫سازمان‬
‫مجازی‬
•
‫روابط‬
‫همکارانه‬
•
‫فناوری‬
‫های‬
‫انعطاف‬
‫پذیر‬
‫و‬
‫هوشمند‬
‫این‬
‫چهار‬
‫اصل‬
‫از‬
‫طریق‬
‫یک‬
‫متدولوژی‬
‫به‬
‫هم‬
‫گره‬
‫خورند‬‫می‬
‫تا‬
‫ها‬‫آن‬
‫را‬
‫در‬
‫یک‬
‫سیستم‬
‫هماهنگ‬
‫و‬
،‫یکپارچه‬
‫به‬
‫های‬‫قابلیت‬
‫رقابتی‬
‫استراتژیک‬
‫منتقل‬
‫سازد‬
.
‫یکی‬
‫از‬
‫گذاران‬‫بنیان‬
‫و‬
‫نظران‬‫صاحب‬
‫مهم‬
‫نهضت‬
‫چابکی‬
‫پرفسور‬
‫ریک‬
‫داو‬
‫باشد‬‫می‬
.
‫داو‬
‫چابکی‬
‫را‬
‫توانایی‬
‫مدیریت‬
‫و‬
‫به‬
‫کارگیری‬
‫مؤثر‬
‫دانش‬
‫داند‬‫می‬
.
،‫چابکی‬
‫مؤسسات‬
‫را‬
‫برای‬
‫کامیابی‬
‫در‬
‫محیطی‬
‫مملو‬
‫از‬
‫به‬ ‫دستیابی‬ ‫ملزومات‬
‫سازمان‬ ‫در‬ ‫چابکی‬

‫ارزیابی‬
‫مستمر‬
‫از‬
‫عملکرد‬
‫کارکنان‬
‫و‬
‫ارزش‬
‫محصوالت‬
‫و‬
‫خدمات‬

‫پاسخگوی‬
‫تغییرات‬
‫دائم‬
‫در‬
‫نیازهای‬
‫مشتریان‬

‫سازمان‬
‫یادگیرنده‬
‫باشد‬

‫دارای‬
‫محتوای‬
‫اطالعاتی‬
‫باال‬

‫آمادگی‬
‫پاسخگویی‬
‫به‬
‫تغییرات‬
‫و‬
‫اتفاقات‬
‫ناگهانی‬

‫استفاده‬
‫از‬
‫های‬‫فناوری‬
‫پیشرفته‬

‫استفاده‬
‫از‬
‫های‬‫فرصت‬
‫سودآور‬
‫چابكی‬
‫تأمین‬ ‫زنجیره‬ ‫اجزای‬ ‫در‬
‫عرضه‬ ‫و‬ ‫خرید‬ ‫مدیریت‬ ‫در‬ ‫چابکی‬
‫تولید‬ ‫در‬ ‫چابکی‬
‫فیزیکی‬ ‫توزیع‬ ‫مدیریت‬ ‫در‬ ‫چابکی‬
‫عوامل‬
‫چابکی‬
‫در‬
‫مدیریت‬
‫خرید‬
‫و‬
‫عرضه‬
‫مدیریت‬
‫خرید‬
‫و‬
‫عرضه‬
‫اولین‬
‫بخش‬
‫یک‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تأمین‬
‫باشد‬‫می‬
‫که‬
‫به‬
‫عنوان‬
‫سنگ‬
‫زیربنایی‬
‫نقش‬
‫اساسی‬
‫در‬
‫چابک‬
‫شدن‬
‫یک‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تأمین‬
‫ایفا‬
‫کند‬‫می‬
.
‫این‬
‫قسمت‬
‫شامل‬
،‫کنندگان‬‫عرضه‬
‫نحوه‬
‫انتخاب‬
،‫آنان‬
‫دریافت‬
،‫مواد‬
‫مدیریت‬
‫ونقل‬‫حمل‬
‫مواد‬
‫به‬
‫قسمت‬
،‫تولید‬
‫نحوه‬
‫ارتباط‬
‫با‬
‫کنندگان‬‫عرضه‬
‫و‬
‫داشتن‬
‫های‬‫سیاست‬
‫مناسب‬
‫در‬
‫همه‬
‫این‬
‫ها‬‫قسمت‬
‫باشد‬‫می‬
.
‫به‬
‫عبارتی‬
‫دیگر‬
‫مدیریت‬
‫خرید‬
‫و‬
‫عرضه‬
‫شامل‬
‫مدیریت‬
،‫مواد‬
،‫ورودی‬
‫انتخاب‬
،‫کنندگان‬‫عرضه‬
‫روابط‬
‫با‬
‫کنندگان‬‫عرضه‬
‫و‬
‫پیمان‬
‫با‬
‫آنان‬
‫باشد‬‫می‬
.
.1
‫ریزی‬‫برنامه‬
‫و‬
‫بندی‬‫بخش‬
‫مجدد‬
‫سفارشات‬
‫خرید‬
.2
‫جایابی‬
‫و‬
‫تشخیص‬
‫کنندگان‬‫عرضه‬
‫برای‬
‫خریدمواد‬
،
‫قطعات‬
‫و‬
‫اجزاء‬
‫محصول‬
.3
‫توانمندکردن‬
‫کنندگان‬‫عرضه‬
‫در‬
‫به‬
‫کارگیری‬
‫تغییرات‬
‫در‬
‫طراحی‬
‫های‬‫ومشخصه‬
‫اقالم‬
‫خریداری‬
‫شده‬
‫چابک‬ ‫تولید‬ ‫معیارهای‬
‫در‬
‫این‬
‫شیوه‬
،‫تولید‬
‫مفاهیمی‬
‫چون‬
‫ارتباط‬
‫نزدیک‬
‫با‬
،‫مشتری‬
‫یکپارچگی‬
‫منابع‬
‫داخلی‬
‫سازمان‬
‫و‬
‫نیز‬
‫یکپارچگی‬
‫با‬
‫منابع‬
‫های‬‫سازمان‬
‫دیگر‬
‫از‬
‫اهمیت‬
‫خاصی‬
‫برخوردارند‬
.
.1
‫ساختار‬
‫سازمانی‬
.2
‫تفویض‬
‫اختیار‬
.3
‫جریان‬
‫فیزیکی‬
‫تولید‬
.4
‫وضعیت‬
‫و‬
‫مشارکت‬
‫کارکنان‬
.5
‫پذیرش‬
‫پاسخ‬
‫مشتری‬
.6
‫چرخه‬
‫عمر‬
‫و‬
‫دوره‬
‫خدمت‬
‫محصول‬
.7
‫بهبود‬
‫طراحی‬
.8
‫روش‬
‫و‬
‫برنامه‬
‫ریزی‬
‫تولید‬
.9
‫مدیریت‬
‫زمان‬
.10
‫اتوماسیون‬
.11
‫وضعیت‬
‫کیفیت‬
‫و‬
‫وری‬‫بهره‬
‫توزیع‬ ‫مدیریت‬ ‫در‬ ‫چابکی‬ ‫عوامل‬
‫فیزیکی‬
‫برداشت‬ ،‫مشتری‬ ‫سفارشات‬ ‫مدیریت‬ ‫شامل‬ ‫فیزیکی‬ ‫توزیع‬ ‫مدیریت‬
‫است‬ ‫ها‬‫آن‬ ‫مدیریت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬‫کننده‬‫حمل‬ ‫انتخاب‬ ،‫توزیع‬ ‫و‬ ‫انبار‬ ‫از‬
.
.1
‫و‬ ‫عملیات‬ ‫در‬ ‫انعطافپذیری‬
‫تحویل‬
.2
‫تواناییهای‬
IT
.3
‫ثابت‬ ‫داراییهای‬ ‫کیفیت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اندازه‬
.4
‫خدمات‬ ‫دامنه‬ ‫و‬ ‫جغرافیایی‬ ‫توزیع‬
.5
‫اعتماد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اطالعات‬ ‫توزیع‬
.6
‫شهرت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اعتبار‬
.7
‫بلندمدت‬ ‫روابط‬
.8
‫خدمات‬ ‫کیفیت‬
.9
‫بحران‬ ‫ظرفیت‬
.10
‫تحویل‬ ‫عملکرد‬
.11
‫مالی‬ ‫تثبیت‬
‫بندی‬‫جمع‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تأمین‬
‫برای‬
‫بقا‬
‫در‬
‫بازارهای‬
‫پویا‬
‫و‬
‫متغیر‬
‫نیازمند‬
‫ابزاری‬
‫است‬
‫که‬
‫بتواند‬
‫با‬
‫کمک‬
‫آن‬
‫بر‬
‫های‬‫چالش‬
‫محیطی‬
‫فائق‬
‫آید‬
.
‫چنین‬
‫ابزاری‬
‫چابکی‬
‫است‬
.
‫فاکتورهای‬
‫اصلی‬
‫موفقیت‬
‫در‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تأمین‬
،‫چابک‬
‫به‬
‫کارگیری‬
‫تکنولوژی‬
،‫اطالعاتی‬
‫ادغام‬
،‫فرآیندها‬
‫برنامه‬
‫ریزی‬
،‫متناسب‬
‫توسعه‬
‫مهارت‬
‫های‬
،‫کارکنان‬
‫حساسیت‬
‫و‬
‫پاسخگویی‬
‫به‬
،‫بازار‬
‫معرفی‬
‫محصول‬
،‫جدید‬
‫انعطاف‬
،‫پذیری‬
‫سرعت‬
،‫تحویل‬
‫کاهش‬
‫هزینه‬
،‫ها‬
‫کیفیت‬
‫محصول‬
‫و‬
‫رضایت‬
‫مشتری‬
‫است‬
.
‫همانطور‬
‫که‬
‫می‬
،‫دانیم‬
‫یک‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تامین‬
‫با‬
‫انعطاف‬
‫پذیری‬
‫و‬
‫توانایی‬
‫واکنش‬
‫سریع‬
‫به‬
‫شرایط‬
‫اضطراری‬
‫می‬
‫تواند‬
‫به‬
‫کسب‬
‫و‬
‫کار‬
‫کمک‬
‫کند‬
‫تا‬
‫به‬
‫نیازهای‬
‫مشتریان‬
‫پاسخ‬
‫مناسب‬
‫دهد‬
.
‫به‬
‫غیر‬
‫از‬
‫انعطاف‬
،‫پذیری‬
‫سرعت‬
‫و‬
‫دقت‬
‫نیز‬
‫از‬
‫ویژگی‬
‫های‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تامین‬
‫چابک‬
‫هستند‬
.
‫برای‬
‫شناخت‬
‫مزایای‬
‫یک‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تامین‬
،‫چابک‬
‫ما‬
‫باید‬
‫عناصر‬
‫هر‬
‫نوع‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تامین‬
‫را‬
‫بشناسیم‬
.
‫اینها‬
‫شامل‬
‫عناصری‬
‫نظیر‬
‫جمع‬
‫آوری‬
‫سفارشات‬
‫و‬
،‫پردازش‬
‫تهیه‬
‫مواد‬
‫برای‬
‫ساخت‬
‫کاالهای‬
‫مورد‬
،‫استفاده‬
‫بسته‬
‫بندی‬
‫و‬
‫حمل‬
‫و‬
‫نقل‬
‫کاالها‬
‫و‬
‫کیفیت‬
‫خدمات‬
‫مشتری‬
‫است‬
.
،‫بنابراین‬
‫برای‬
‫توجه‬
‫به‬
‫عملکرد‬
‫زنجیره‬
‫تامین‬

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