The document describes two elephant culling operations witnessed by conservationist Clive Walker in Zimbabwe and South Africa in the 1980s. In Zimbabwe, Walker accompanied sharpshooters who tracked and rapidly shot 17 elephants on foot within 35 seconds. In South Africa, elephants were darted from a helicopter with a paralytic drug and then shot by ground crews. Culling operations aimed to control elephant populations but stirred debate between those who saw it as necessary population management and those who condemned it as inhumane.
The Leopard Project in Sri Lanka studies leopards through camera traps, track identification, and scat analysis to determine the demographics, movements, ranges and behaviors of the species. Led by scientists Andrew Kittle and Anjali Watson, the project seeks to understand leopard populations in order to inform conservation efforts for the endangered species, which faces threats from habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict. Understanding leopard source and sink dynamics could help prioritize protecting habitats where births outnumber deaths or enhancing more marginal habitats. The project's research is critical to ensuring the long-term survival of Sri Lanka's leopards.
Long-range migration in insects : Mechanisms and monitoring techniquesmanjeet singh
It contains the detail about orientation and mechanism of flight of Aphid, Locust, Dragonfly and Monarch butterfly and migration monitoring techniques also described.
The document summarizes butterfly migration in India, focusing on the migration of three Danainae species - Tirumala septentrionis, Euploea core, and Euploea sylvester. These three species migrate together between the Western Ghats and plains of South India twice yearly, covering distances of 350-500 km. Details are provided on the species' life cycles, host plants, migratory routes, timing of migration, and threats such as habitat destruction.
The document provides a plot summary and character details for the 1993 film Jurassic Park, directed by Steven Spielberg. It summarizes the plot in sections, describing how an amusement park featuring cloned dinosaurs goes wrong when the security system is shut off. Key characters like Dr. Alan Grant and Dr. Ellie Sattler must escape dangerous dinosaurs like Velociraptors and Tyrannosaurus rex. It also briefly describes some of the main dinosaur species featured in the film, including Velociraptor, Tyrannosaurus rex, and Brachiosaurus.
Este documento discute si es posible encontrar pareja en Internet. Al principio, el autor tenía dudas sobre usar las redes sociales para este fin, pero descubrió que el Internet puede ayudar a superar obstáculos para encontrar a la pareja ideal. Aunque no todo es lo que parece en Internet, es posible aprender a navegar de manera segura. El autor ahora sabe que sí es posible encontrar pareja en Internet.
Students in Slovakia wrote postcards to their project partners in other European countries to celebrate Europe Day 2013. Europe Day marks the anniversary of the Schuman Declaration, which led to the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community and is seen as the beginning of the European Union. The postcard exchange allowed the Slovakian students to connect with their peers across Europe and share in the spirit of European cooperation and unity.
Este documento describe las características de una casa rural llamada Peña Gaviota en Villavieja de Yeltes. La casa tiene un estilo rústico y varias habitaciones con diferentes colores y personalidades únicas, así como un baño, sala de estar, comedor y desván. El documento proporciona fotos de las diferentes áreas de la casa para mostrar su encanto rústico.
The Leopard Project in Sri Lanka studies leopards through camera traps, track identification, and scat analysis to determine the demographics, movements, ranges and behaviors of the species. Led by scientists Andrew Kittle and Anjali Watson, the project seeks to understand leopard populations in order to inform conservation efforts for the endangered species, which faces threats from habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict. Understanding leopard source and sink dynamics could help prioritize protecting habitats where births outnumber deaths or enhancing more marginal habitats. The project's research is critical to ensuring the long-term survival of Sri Lanka's leopards.
Long-range migration in insects : Mechanisms and monitoring techniquesmanjeet singh
It contains the detail about orientation and mechanism of flight of Aphid, Locust, Dragonfly and Monarch butterfly and migration monitoring techniques also described.
The document summarizes butterfly migration in India, focusing on the migration of three Danainae species - Tirumala septentrionis, Euploea core, and Euploea sylvester. These three species migrate together between the Western Ghats and plains of South India twice yearly, covering distances of 350-500 km. Details are provided on the species' life cycles, host plants, migratory routes, timing of migration, and threats such as habitat destruction.
The document provides a plot summary and character details for the 1993 film Jurassic Park, directed by Steven Spielberg. It summarizes the plot in sections, describing how an amusement park featuring cloned dinosaurs goes wrong when the security system is shut off. Key characters like Dr. Alan Grant and Dr. Ellie Sattler must escape dangerous dinosaurs like Velociraptors and Tyrannosaurus rex. It also briefly describes some of the main dinosaur species featured in the film, including Velociraptor, Tyrannosaurus rex, and Brachiosaurus.
Este documento discute si es posible encontrar pareja en Internet. Al principio, el autor tenía dudas sobre usar las redes sociales para este fin, pero descubrió que el Internet puede ayudar a superar obstáculos para encontrar a la pareja ideal. Aunque no todo es lo que parece en Internet, es posible aprender a navegar de manera segura. El autor ahora sabe que sí es posible encontrar pareja en Internet.
Students in Slovakia wrote postcards to their project partners in other European countries to celebrate Europe Day 2013. Europe Day marks the anniversary of the Schuman Declaration, which led to the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community and is seen as the beginning of the European Union. The postcard exchange allowed the Slovakian students to connect with their peers across Europe and share in the spirit of European cooperation and unity.
Este documento describe las características de una casa rural llamada Peña Gaviota en Villavieja de Yeltes. La casa tiene un estilo rústico y varias habitaciones con diferentes colores y personalidades únicas, así como un baño, sala de estar, comedor y desván. El documento proporciona fotos de las diferentes áreas de la casa para mostrar su encanto rústico.
O documento analisa as diferenças entre as pesquisas escolares de hoje em dia e no passado. Antigamente, as pesquisas eram realizadas principalmente em bibliotecas e enciclopédias, enquanto hoje em dia os estudantes podem facilmente encontrar informações online. Uma das principais diferenças é que as pesquisas atuais são mais dinâmicas e rápidas, mas os alunos podem perder o foco com tanta informação disponível.
This document summarizes strategies for creating a literate environment for pre-K through 3rd grade students. It discusses gathering data on students' cognitive and noncognitive reading abilities using surveys and assessments. The importance of selecting a variety of leveled texts including narrative, informational, linguistic and semiotic is explained. Teaching methods aligned with the interactive, critical and response perspectives are outlined, including implementing strategies like KWL charts. The document concludes that to create a literate environment, teachers should get to know their students, select diverse texts, teach strategic reading skills, and encourage critical thinking and emotional responses to texts.
Este documento presenta el sitio web de 4Life realizado por Carmen Alfredo Durán Gutiérrez y Guillermo Castellanos Gómez. El sitio web incluye secciones sobre la compañía, productos, contacto, noticias, enlaces importantes, testimonios, eventos y cómo hacer negocio con la compañía. El sitio también incluye información sobre enfermedades y productos, así como la dirección y contactos de la compañía.
Este manual establece las normas para el uso de Internet y correo electrónico en el Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Deporte. Define abreviaturas, objetivos, alcance, responsabilidades y normas generales y específicas relacionadas con el uso de la red, correo electrónico, cuentas de usuario y contraseñas. El manual busca facilitar el intercambio de información a través de estas herramientas de forma segura y eficiente.
Módulo 3 - Búsqueda de información e investigación periodística en la webHernán Di Bello
El documento habla sobre la búsqueda de información e investigación periodística en la web. Explica la importancia de verificar la información encontrada en internet y ofrece herramientas como metabuscadores, buscadores, operadores de búsqueda avanzada y agregadores para optimizar la búsqueda de datos. También menciona métricas como analíticas y posicionamiento web para mejorar el ranqueo de sitios periodísticos en buscadores.
1) The document describes a zoologist observing and photographing a family of bat-eared foxes in their den in Kenya's Masai Mara National Reserve.
2) It details the daily routines of the fox family, including the female foraging at night while the cubs play outside the den in the mornings.
3) The zoologist works to get close-up photos of the cubs by hiding under a vehicle near their den in the early mornings, enduring insects and scat to get fox-eye level shots of their behavior.
El documento describe los diferentes paisajes y climas de América. Explica que debido a la gran variedad de climas en América, existen diversos tipos de paisajes como selvas, desiertos, bosques y praderas. Luego caracteriza las principales zonas climáticas de América - tropical, templado y frío - y los paisajes típicos de cada una. Finalmente, resume las principales formas de relieve en América, incluyendo cordilleras, mesetas y llanuras.
A bucket list of must do's in 2015 in New YorkJustOrbit.com
This document provides a bucket list of 10 things to do in New York City in 2015. The list includes dining at Tavern on the Green for its summer and winter atmosphere, experiencing an opera at the Met Opera House for its architecture, catching a Yankees game at Yankee Stadium for the excitement, ice skating at Rockefeller Center which is a winter tradition, enjoying Coney Island beach on the weekends for activities, seeing a Broadway show for the amazing performances, touring Grand Central Station as an historic landmark, going to the top of the Empire State Building for views, visiting a comedy club to see various shows, and catching the Manhattan skyline sunset from a rooftop with drinks.
Este documento describe un caza tesoro sobre el tema de las mujeres y el derecho al voto en México entre 1920-1982. El caza tesoro busca que los estudiantes comprendan el papel de la mujer antes de tener derecho al voto, describan el proceso por el cual se otorgó este derecho, y reconozcan la importancia de que las mujeres tuvieran derecho al voto. Incluye preguntas secundarias, recursos e información sobre el contexto histórico y social.
Essay on Elephants Should be Protected
Essay on Water for Elephants
Elephant Analysis
Elephant Poaching Essay
What Are African Elephants?
Elephant Research Paper
This document provides an overview of visiting Uganda and wildlife viewing opportunities there. It describes a trip to Kibale National Park where visitors were able to observe chimpanzees up close, including a 26-year-old male named Totti who may become the next leader of his group. It also details experiences in Queen Elizabeth National Park, such as witnessing lions hunting and a female lion feeding her cubs an antelope kill. Conservation efforts are discussed to help reduce conflicts between local communities and wildlife by decreasing pressures like livestock killing, poaching, and disruptive tourist activities.
The document discusses extinct and endangered animals. Cave lions and mammoths became extinct due to climate change reducing their habitats. Asiatic lions are endangered due to habitat loss and hunting, while Royal Bengal tigers are endangered because of habitat loss from urbanization and poaching for traditional medicine. Conservation efforts include legal protections, protected areas, financial assistance for protection programs, and strengthening enforcement against poaching.
The document discusses extinct and endangered animals. Cave lions and mammoths became extinct due to climate change reducing their habitats. Asiatic lions are endangered due to habitat loss and hunting, while Royal Bengal tigers are endangered because of habitat loss from urbanization and poaching for traditional medicine. Conservation efforts include legal protections, protected areas, financial assistance for protection programs, and strengthening enforcement against poaching.
Speech On Wildlife Conservation
Effects Of Wildlife Conservation On Wildlife
Descriptive Essay : Wild Animal Tour
Implications Of Wildlife In Wildlife
The World Wildlife Fund ( Wwf ) Essay
Relationship Between Wildlife And Wildlife
Pollution Effect On Wildlife
Effects Of Pollution On Wildlife
Wildlife Preservation Essay examples
The World Wildlife Fund ( Wwf ) Essay
Saving Wildlife: Is It Truly Worth It?
Persuasive Essay On Wildlife Planet
Wildlife Conservation Essay
Nestle is the world's largest food company based in Switzerland. It has nearly 500 factories across 86 countries employing over 328,000 people. Nestle has a wide range of popular brands like KitKat, Nespresso, Nescafe and more. In 2010, Greenpeace accused Nestle of using palm oil from suppliers destroying Indonesian rainforests and threatening orangutans. Greenpeace released a video portraying KitKat fingers as orangutan fingers with blood filling to raise awareness. Nestle's attempts to censor the video backfired, damaging its image and share value until it committed to sustainable palm oil.
This document provides a summary of issues related to elephant poaching and ivory trafficking. It discusses how banning ivory is crucial to ending the elephant extinction crisis as the illegal ivory trade is responsible for the deaths of thousands of elephants each year. While progress has been made, such as publicly destroying ivory carvings in New York City, banning domestic ivory trade in the US will be an important next step to reduce demand and deter poaching. The document advocates for growing support of bans from governments and the public.
Researchers strongly believe that each animal on the planet has distinct tastes and preferences. Therefore, according to them, an Orangutan cannot become friends with an elephant, because they are two distinctly different creatures. The work performed by Doc Bhagavan Antle may just prove those animal experts wrong.
The document discusses several endangered animal species including the African wild dog, tiger, black rhino, Galapagos penguin, and giant panda. For each species, it describes their habitat and population, key threats they face such as habitat loss and poaching, adaptations for survival, and potential recovery strategies. It also provides an overview of the IUCN Red List classification system for categorizing extinction risk levels of species from extinct to least concern.
O documento analisa as diferenças entre as pesquisas escolares de hoje em dia e no passado. Antigamente, as pesquisas eram realizadas principalmente em bibliotecas e enciclopédias, enquanto hoje em dia os estudantes podem facilmente encontrar informações online. Uma das principais diferenças é que as pesquisas atuais são mais dinâmicas e rápidas, mas os alunos podem perder o foco com tanta informação disponível.
This document summarizes strategies for creating a literate environment for pre-K through 3rd grade students. It discusses gathering data on students' cognitive and noncognitive reading abilities using surveys and assessments. The importance of selecting a variety of leveled texts including narrative, informational, linguistic and semiotic is explained. Teaching methods aligned with the interactive, critical and response perspectives are outlined, including implementing strategies like KWL charts. The document concludes that to create a literate environment, teachers should get to know their students, select diverse texts, teach strategic reading skills, and encourage critical thinking and emotional responses to texts.
Este documento presenta el sitio web de 4Life realizado por Carmen Alfredo Durán Gutiérrez y Guillermo Castellanos Gómez. El sitio web incluye secciones sobre la compañía, productos, contacto, noticias, enlaces importantes, testimonios, eventos y cómo hacer negocio con la compañía. El sitio también incluye información sobre enfermedades y productos, así como la dirección y contactos de la compañía.
Este manual establece las normas para el uso de Internet y correo electrónico en el Ministerio del Poder Popular para el Deporte. Define abreviaturas, objetivos, alcance, responsabilidades y normas generales y específicas relacionadas con el uso de la red, correo electrónico, cuentas de usuario y contraseñas. El manual busca facilitar el intercambio de información a través de estas herramientas de forma segura y eficiente.
Módulo 3 - Búsqueda de información e investigación periodística en la webHernán Di Bello
El documento habla sobre la búsqueda de información e investigación periodística en la web. Explica la importancia de verificar la información encontrada en internet y ofrece herramientas como metabuscadores, buscadores, operadores de búsqueda avanzada y agregadores para optimizar la búsqueda de datos. También menciona métricas como analíticas y posicionamiento web para mejorar el ranqueo de sitios periodísticos en buscadores.
1) The document describes a zoologist observing and photographing a family of bat-eared foxes in their den in Kenya's Masai Mara National Reserve.
2) It details the daily routines of the fox family, including the female foraging at night while the cubs play outside the den in the mornings.
3) The zoologist works to get close-up photos of the cubs by hiding under a vehicle near their den in the early mornings, enduring insects and scat to get fox-eye level shots of their behavior.
El documento describe los diferentes paisajes y climas de América. Explica que debido a la gran variedad de climas en América, existen diversos tipos de paisajes como selvas, desiertos, bosques y praderas. Luego caracteriza las principales zonas climáticas de América - tropical, templado y frío - y los paisajes típicos de cada una. Finalmente, resume las principales formas de relieve en América, incluyendo cordilleras, mesetas y llanuras.
A bucket list of must do's in 2015 in New YorkJustOrbit.com
This document provides a bucket list of 10 things to do in New York City in 2015. The list includes dining at Tavern on the Green for its summer and winter atmosphere, experiencing an opera at the Met Opera House for its architecture, catching a Yankees game at Yankee Stadium for the excitement, ice skating at Rockefeller Center which is a winter tradition, enjoying Coney Island beach on the weekends for activities, seeing a Broadway show for the amazing performances, touring Grand Central Station as an historic landmark, going to the top of the Empire State Building for views, visiting a comedy club to see various shows, and catching the Manhattan skyline sunset from a rooftop with drinks.
Este documento describe un caza tesoro sobre el tema de las mujeres y el derecho al voto en México entre 1920-1982. El caza tesoro busca que los estudiantes comprendan el papel de la mujer antes de tener derecho al voto, describan el proceso por el cual se otorgó este derecho, y reconozcan la importancia de que las mujeres tuvieran derecho al voto. Incluye preguntas secundarias, recursos e información sobre el contexto histórico y social.
Essay on Elephants Should be Protected
Essay on Water for Elephants
Elephant Analysis
Elephant Poaching Essay
What Are African Elephants?
Elephant Research Paper
This document provides an overview of visiting Uganda and wildlife viewing opportunities there. It describes a trip to Kibale National Park where visitors were able to observe chimpanzees up close, including a 26-year-old male named Totti who may become the next leader of his group. It also details experiences in Queen Elizabeth National Park, such as witnessing lions hunting and a female lion feeding her cubs an antelope kill. Conservation efforts are discussed to help reduce conflicts between local communities and wildlife by decreasing pressures like livestock killing, poaching, and disruptive tourist activities.
The document discusses extinct and endangered animals. Cave lions and mammoths became extinct due to climate change reducing their habitats. Asiatic lions are endangered due to habitat loss and hunting, while Royal Bengal tigers are endangered because of habitat loss from urbanization and poaching for traditional medicine. Conservation efforts include legal protections, protected areas, financial assistance for protection programs, and strengthening enforcement against poaching.
The document discusses extinct and endangered animals. Cave lions and mammoths became extinct due to climate change reducing their habitats. Asiatic lions are endangered due to habitat loss and hunting, while Royal Bengal tigers are endangered because of habitat loss from urbanization and poaching for traditional medicine. Conservation efforts include legal protections, protected areas, financial assistance for protection programs, and strengthening enforcement against poaching.
Speech On Wildlife Conservation
Effects Of Wildlife Conservation On Wildlife
Descriptive Essay : Wild Animal Tour
Implications Of Wildlife In Wildlife
The World Wildlife Fund ( Wwf ) Essay
Relationship Between Wildlife And Wildlife
Pollution Effect On Wildlife
Effects Of Pollution On Wildlife
Wildlife Preservation Essay examples
The World Wildlife Fund ( Wwf ) Essay
Saving Wildlife: Is It Truly Worth It?
Persuasive Essay On Wildlife Planet
Wildlife Conservation Essay
Nestle is the world's largest food company based in Switzerland. It has nearly 500 factories across 86 countries employing over 328,000 people. Nestle has a wide range of popular brands like KitKat, Nespresso, Nescafe and more. In 2010, Greenpeace accused Nestle of using palm oil from suppliers destroying Indonesian rainforests and threatening orangutans. Greenpeace released a video portraying KitKat fingers as orangutan fingers with blood filling to raise awareness. Nestle's attempts to censor the video backfired, damaging its image and share value until it committed to sustainable palm oil.
This document provides a summary of issues related to elephant poaching and ivory trafficking. It discusses how banning ivory is crucial to ending the elephant extinction crisis as the illegal ivory trade is responsible for the deaths of thousands of elephants each year. While progress has been made, such as publicly destroying ivory carvings in New York City, banning domestic ivory trade in the US will be an important next step to reduce demand and deter poaching. The document advocates for growing support of bans from governments and the public.
Researchers strongly believe that each animal on the planet has distinct tastes and preferences. Therefore, according to them, an Orangutan cannot become friends with an elephant, because they are two distinctly different creatures. The work performed by Doc Bhagavan Antle may just prove those animal experts wrong.
The document discusses several endangered animal species including the African wild dog, tiger, black rhino, Galapagos penguin, and giant panda. For each species, it describes their habitat and population, key threats they face such as habitat loss and poaching, adaptations for survival, and potential recovery strategies. It also provides an overview of the IUCN Red List classification system for categorizing extinction risk levels of species from extinct to least concern.
Wildlife Photographer Of The Year: 10 Stunning Shortlisted ImagesTatiana Kukanova
Now in its 55th year, Wildlife Photographer of the Year has announced the first cut of highly-commended images that have made it into the final stretch of the London Natural History Museum’s showcase for the world's 100 best nature photography and photojournalism photos.
Wildlife Photographer Of The Year: 10 Stunning Shortlisted ImagesTatiana Kukanova
Now in its 55th year, Wildlife Photographer of the Year has announced the first cut of highly-commended images that have made it into the final stretch of the London Natural History Museum’s showcase for the world's 100 best nature photography and photojournalism photos.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF TIGER CONSERVATION IN TELANGANA (Maloth Suresh- Quli Si...MalothSuresh2
The document discusses tiger conservation efforts in Telangana, India, describing three tiger reserves in the region - Amrabad Tiger Reserve, the second largest in India, Kawal Tiger Reserve which was declared in 2012, and Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve. It provides details on the threats to tigers, conservation programs and methods used like patrolling, monitoring, and prevention of activities like poaching, habitat loss, and human-wildlife conflict.
The document describes a three-day visit to Reilly's Rock, a lodge located within Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary in Swaziland. The lodge and surrounding sanctuary provide a peaceful oasis surrounded by nature, where guests can observe various wildlife from their rooms or during guided tours. Ted Reilly, who grew up on the property and established the sanctuary, gives tours highlighting the sanctuary's conservation efforts and successes in protecting and propagating threatened species.
This document summarizes a thesis submitted by Cheryl-Samantha Owen in partial fulfillment of a masters degree in Conservation Biology at the University of Cape Town. The thesis examines whether the supply of trophy elephants to the Botswana hunting market is sustainable. It develops a population model to simulate elephant population dynamics in northern Botswana under different hunting pressures, calf survival rates, and carrying capacity limits. The model suggests the current hunting quota is sustainable and unlikely to threaten the availability of trophy-quality elephants. Increased quotas could reduce large trophy animals but not compromise male elephants suitable for trophy hunting. However, a decrease in calf survival could greatly reduce the trophy elephant supply.
Cheryl-Samantha Owen is a conservation photographer from Kenya who uses her photography to inspire conservation action. She believes that for people to want to save something, they first need to love it. Her photos capture animals and environmental issues in a way that highlights both beauty and threats. Currently, she is leading a campaign to protect coastal wilderness in Kenya where biodiversity and culture are endangered.
Plan the shoot, shoot the plan. The article discusses the importance of planning in photography, using the analogy of planning dives to avoid decompression issues. It describes how award-winning photojournalist Sam Owen planned her shot of penguins being released after an oil spill, practicing with a toy penguin and sketching the shot before capturing what she envisioned. Some level of planning, like researching sun/moon times, local events, and compiling shooting lists, can improve travel photography results.
Uganda has a tumultuous political history but is emerging as a nature tourism destination with its unspoiled wilderness areas still holding Africa's original allure. The author visits Kidepo Valley National Park where she witnesses abundant wildlife including lions, elephants, and rare shoebill storks. She also tracks mountain gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, an important habitat for the endangered species. While responsible tourism can help conservation, the author hopes Uganda's forests and savannahs are protected from overdevelopment as the country grows.
Dwesa Nature Reserve is a small protected area along the Wild Coast of South Africa that packs a mighty biodiversity punch. Despite its small size, it is home to nearly 300 bird species, large mammals like rhinos, eland and leopards, and diverse coastal and forest habitats. The reserve protects one of the few places in the world where rhinos can be seen grazing against an Indian Ocean backdrop. It also hosts nocturnal "beach parties" where rhinos spend nights on the sand to escape parasites. Dwesa faces challenges like poaching but remains a treasure along the Wild Coast where wildlife still moves freely between habitats along the coastline.
The Tana River Delta in Kenya is an important wetland ecosystem that is home to diverse habitats and over 22 species of internationally important birds. It is a critical area for thousands of resident and migratory waterbirds, as well as a vital breeding and nursery ground for fish. The delta supports significant wildlife such as elephant, crocodile, hippo, and the rare East African coastal subspecies of topi. However, the delta is currently facing destruction from a major sugar cane project that would convert over 33,000 hectares of wetland. Conservationists are fighting to save the delta from this threat.
Bird Island is a small uninhabited island in the Seychelles that is home to over 1.5 million sooty terns as well as other seabirds and marine animals. The island was facing environmental degradation until a 40-year restoration plan was implemented, which has led to a thriving colony of sooty terns and the return of other species. The island is now an ecotourism destination that balances conservation efforts with sustainable tourism through practices like controlling vegetation to provide suitable breeding habitat and supplying a limited number of sooty tern eggs to satisfy local culture while preventing overcollection.
This document provides an overview of tiger sharks and new research enhancing understanding of them. It discusses how tiger sharks have an undeserved reputation as man-eaters, and how a research team in South Africa is using tagging and observation to learn about tiger shark behavior, movements, habitat use, and diet. Their findings reveal that tiger sharks play an important role in regulating dolphin populations and consume a wide variety of prey. This research is improving knowledge of tiger sharks and aiding conservation efforts for the species.
Nairobi, Kenya's capital city, has transformed dramatically over the past century from an unplanned railhead settlement to a modern metropolis of over 3.5 million people. A 48-hour visit offers a taste of Nairobi's contrasts - from the bustling city streets to nearby natural areas hosting diverse wildlife. Key sights include the National Museum, Nairobi Arboretum, Railway Museum, and day trips to Nairobi National Park and the Giraffe Center to see elephants, giraffes and other native species. Meals provide flavors from local coffee to Indian curries, while craft markets and art galleries offer glimpses into Kenyan culture.
The document discusses several contributors' favorite places in Tanzania. Dean Polley describes communing with chimpanzees in Mahale Mountains National Park and the strict viewing protocols. Cheryl-Owen discusses the variety of habitats and wildlife in Arusha National Park, including flamingos, giraffes, and recommending Maps Edge for local operators. Tim Jackson highlights the unique coastal location and wildlife of Saadani National Park.
1) Divers in South Africa regularly encounter sevengill sharks in the kelp forests off Miller's Point. The sharks are bold and inquisitive.
2) Researchers are studying these sharks to learn more about their population dynamics, as commercial fishing threatens the species. Divers help by photographing the sharks' unique markings to identify individuals.
3) The area around Miller's Point appears to be an important pupping ground for sevengill sharks, though more research is needed to confirm this. The sharks' long gestation period and late maturity make them vulnerable to overfishing.
The document summarizes the work of photojournalist Cheryl-Samantha Owen who has been diving and documenting reefs along East Africa's Swahili Coast. Some of the most vulnerable and overfished reefs in Africa, scientists have made important discoveries about how to strengthen their resilience to climate change. The photographs show researchers measuring coral size in Kenya, a fisherman catching coral grouper, acropora coral spotted in Aldabra Atoll, and scientists monitoring whale sharks in the Gulf of Tadjoura to better conserve the species.
This document discusses issues facing the West Coast rock lobster fishing industry in South Africa. It notes that rock lobster populations have declined dramatically to only 3% of original levels due to overfishing. While the fishery has been carefully managed, a recent dispute emerged when government disregarded scientific advice and maintained catch limits, damaging conservation efforts. Additionally, rock lobsters are shifting locations and growing more slowly due to climate change and overfishing. Conservation groups are working to raise awareness of sustainable seafood choices.
The document summarizes the author's 47 visits to and deep love for the Seychelles islands over 24 years. It describes the natural beauty and marine life the author discovered underwater, as well as the complex history and politics of the islands. The author formed close connections with the Seychellois people and culture, viewing the islands as an "emotional centre" where they found balance.
The document provides an overview of the Tana River in Kenya and the threats facing its way of life. It describes the Tana River Delta's unique ecosystems and the communities that depend on it, including the Pokomo people. However, the delta is now under threat from large development projects, including a proposed super-port. While such projects could bring economic growth, they risk damaging the environment and disrupting the livelihoods of local communities. The document advocates for protecting the delta through conservation efforts that would allow sustainable development while preserving the region's ecological and cultural heritage.
The document summarizes the decline of the African penguin population due to various environmental pressures. It notes that their numbers have dropped by over 95% since the early 1900s due to overfishing reducing their food supply, climate change altering ocean currents and temperatures which affects fish distribution, and pollution like oil spills that can contaminate penguins. Conservation efforts aim to rehabilitate oiled or abandoned penguins and help manage fisheries and reduce pollution to improve conditions for the endangered penguins.
This document summarizes the photographer's experience documenting an oil-covered Cape gannet being treated at the Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB). The photographer was drawn to the bird's "tragic beauty" and followed its recovery. Though too weak to be cleaned initially, the gannet grew stronger with rehydration treatments and swims. The photographer waited for moments to photograph the gannet, such as when it slept with the sun highlighting its oil-coated feathers.
1. 70 A F R I C A G E O G R A P H I C • apri l 2 0 0 6 71w w w. africageographic . co m
above the elephants. I could smell
them. The pilot announced that we
were going in and the ranger checked
his immobilising gun.
Five minutes later a big cow and sub-
adult had been darted, a minute later
another two were immobilised. Five
more went down, but the matriarch was
still on her feet. One cow fell on top of
her baby as we circled left and right,
holding the herd together. Finally, the
matriarch was darted and went down.
Two calves stood pressed against their
fallen mothers.
The vehicles moved in and within
10 minutes all had been shot, bar the
calves, which were given tranquillisers
and later sold. From the first dart to
final shot, the operation took just
35 minutes.
*The use of scoline was suspended in 1990
after it was discovered to be inhumane.
Thereafter elephants were killed by a brain
shot fired directly from the air.
Conservationist and wildlife artist Clive
Walker founded the Endangered Wildlife
Trust and is a co-founder of the Rhino &
Elephant Foundation.
Hwange National Park
Zimbabwe, 1982
I needed a first-hand account of how
elephant populations were managed
for a research project, and was granted
permission to accompany a team of park
staff members and a pilot on a culling
operation in what was then Wankie
National Park (now Hwange).
The pilot, flying a SuperCub aeroplane
and acting as a spotter, radioed that a
herd of 17 elephants was about two
kilometres ahead of us and moving
away. We set off at a run and managed
to get ahead of them. Soon the lead
elephant came into view, moving
towards us at a fair pace. The scene
felt unreal as the herd had no idea of
our presence. The three sharpshooters
took up their positions. I stuck close
behind the main gun as he ran forward.
The matriarch came steadily towards
us, only to be felled in seconds. Other
elephants started to mill around, then
also fell under the fusillade.
All 13 adult elephants were down
within 35 seconds and three small
females were captured to be sold later.
The fourth youngster, a male, was also
shot as the buyers only wanted females.
I remember no trumpeting or screaming,
except from the young elephants which
were chased, then restrained.
Then everyone sat down to wait for
the tractor bringing the team who would
set up a bush abattoir. Our part was over.
From the take-off of the SuperCub to the
firing of the last shot, the operation took
less than three hours.
Kruger National Park
South Africa, 1980
The Zimbabwe experience was quite
different to a culling operation that I
had witnessed in the Kruger two years
previously. There elephants were
darted from a helicopter with scoline*,
a compound that causes paralysis,
allowing ground crews to move in.
I was in the Kruger’s Bell JetRanger
helicopter when we picked up an
elephant herd just after 15h00. Within
10 minutes, the herd had been broken
up into small groups with the bulls
running ahead. Occasionally a big
elephant would turn and face the
helicopter. All the pilot’s skills and years
of flying in culling operations came into
play. Apart from the occasional word on
the radio to the ranger sitting behind
him, he concentrated on manoeuvring
the group toward a firebreak where the
ground crew was waiting. The elephants
were clearly very conscious of the sound
of the chopper – two slipped in the
mud and agitated cows occasionally
placed their trunks across the backs of
calves. Emptying their bowels, they
fled towards a dry river bed where they
paused for a moment. We were very
close to the firebreak and nine metres
the reality
CULLING
In Kruger National Park, culling
operations were conducted from the air.
Culling stirs huge debate, from animal
rights campaigners who condemn it to
researchers who cannot agree on its
scientific merits.
D. & S. Balfour/www.darylbalfour.com (3)
Does it work?
Culling not only provokes a strong emotional response, but also stirs debate
within scientific circles. Despite diverging views, however, there does seem to be
consensus that it should be considered only as a last resort.
No say Rudi van Aarde & Tim Jackson
Culling seems to be founded in the quest
to control, an activity that conservation
managers inherited from ‘problem animal
control’ departments. These were established
by colonial governments to deal with nuisance
animals and crop-raiders and later developed
into a tool of wildlife management.
Culling aims to reduce numbers and,
consequently, the ecological impact that
target species have on an area. However,
culling may disrupt the ranging behaviour
of elephants in an unpredictable manner. In
Kruger National Park, for example, elephant
numbers decreased as predicted within
specified management blocks immediately
after culling. Surprisingly, though, the
following year elephant numbers had
increased to above pre-culling levels. How
was this possible? The answer lies in the
movement of elephants from areas that were
not part of the culling programme into the
culling block. In other words, elephants in
the Kruger simply seem to have redistributed
themselves and local impacts which should
have been reduced, became worse.
Other elephants have also responded to
a sudden and drastic reduction in numbers.
The last cull in Zimbabwe’s Hwange National
Park took place in 1995. Just six years
later, the elephant population there had
doubled, whereas in that same period other
Zimbabwean populations had grown by just
28 per cent. Similarly, in the Kruger, we believe
year-to-year growth rates during periods of
culling to be some of the highest on record.
Rapid recoveries in elephant numbers also
followed the cessation of culling in several
other parks. Moreover, culling elephants
to reduce impact ignores the role of other
herbivores as agents of ecosystem change.
When considering the response of
elephants and other species to culling it
follows that this method seldom achieves the
goal of reducing impact. For conservation to
succeed we must consider the full suite of
management tools.
Rudi van Aarde and Tim Jackson are
conducting research into elephant con
servation at the Conservation and Ecology
Research Unit at the University of Pretoria.
Yes says Ian Whyte
Kruger National
Park needs to
be managed
for the benefit
of all species,
in other words
biodiversity
needs to be
maintained. Research conducted in Kruger
and Tsavo national parks in 1963 concluded
that a maximum density of about one
elephant per square mile should achieve this.
In the Kruger, a slightly more conservative
level (7 000 elephants in 8 000 square miles)
was adopted.
Between 1967 and 1995, this number
was maintained through a combination of
culling and translocation, a policy that was
successful in that no other species were lost
from the system during this time (although
there were indications that even at this level
tall trees were disappearing from some
landscapes).
It is true that, one year after a cull, there
were more elephants in the zone where
the culling was conducted. This is not an
increase in population, but reflects elephant
movements from one zone of the park
to another. These are movements across
administrative boundaries (SANParks has
divided the park into four management
zones) and have nothing to do with elephant
home ranges. In fact, the stated intention
of the policy to conduct culls was to induce
local fluctuations in numbers. In this, the
policy was very successful.
There is no data to support the suggestion
that elephants increase their birth rates
in response to culling. In fact, for the five
years following the moratorium on culling,
growth rates were almost the lowest on
record. Since 2000, however, the Kruger’s
elephant population has been increasing at
close to the maximum possible rate of seven
per cent per year, as has the population of
Addo Elephant Park, where there has been
no culling.
Scientist Ian Whyte has been responsible for
elephant research in Kruger National Park
since 1986.
From the 1960s to the mid-1990s, culling – which actually means ‘to remove’ –
was the principal tool of wildlife managers across most of southern Africa.
Vegetation needed to be maintained and culling was believed to be the only
solution to prevent some species from compromising others. Methods varied from
country to country – in Zimbabwe highly skilled sharpshooters tracked elephants on
foot; in South Africa, culling teams relied more on helicopters. But, as conservationist
Clive Walker remembers, neither way made this unpleasant task any easier.