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Advance Tree Fruit Production........ppt
- 1. Tree Fruit Production Part1 Teryl R. Roper And Robert Tomesh Dept. of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-Madison
- 2. General Considerations • Doyou have: –Time –Space –Expertise –Realistic expectations
- 3. Backyard Fruit TreeManagement • Tree cultivar selection – Select to extend the season • Proper planting • Training trunk and scaffold branches • Pest Management – Diseases: Scab, rust, fireblight – Insects: Curculio (Pre-Bloom), apple maggot, codling moth, leaf rollers, Japanese beetle
- 4. Site considerations • AppropriateSoils • Air and water drainage • Wind protection • Water • Sunlight • Previous crop
- 5. Soils for TreeFruits • Well drained loamy soils • High organic matter – Amend with compost, etc. • pH between 6.0 and 7.0
- 6. Air drainage Frost Pockets Coldair Warm air
- 7. Soil Drainage is SoilDrainage is important important
- 9. Site Preparation • Themost common mistake gardeners make is to not begin soon enough to prepare the site adequately for planting fruit trees.
- 10. Site preparation • Beginthe year before planting • Soil test & add P, K fertilizer if needed • Adjust pH (if needed & possible) • Control perennial weeds – Cultivation – Non-residual herbicides • Add organic matter – Manure, green manures, compost
- 11. Choosing a Crop •Hardiness • Productivity • Taste, appearance, texture, season • Intended use • Ease of culture • Pollination requirements
- 12. Tree Fruit Crops •Apples • Pears • Quince • Cherries • Apricots • Plums • Peach??
- 13. Rootstock Selection • Hardiness •Size Control • Precocity • Anchorage & root strength • Disease or insect resistance
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- 16. Apple Rootstock Size 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Relativesize Seedling MM.111 M.7 M.26 M.9 M.27
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- 22. Recommended rootstocks • Apples –Dwarf—M.9, Bud.9, M.26 – Semi-dwarf—G.30, M.7 – Standard—Not recommended • Pears – Domestic seedling – OH x F 57 or 333
- 23. Recommended rootstocks • TartCherry – Mahaleb • Plums – Myrobolan seedling • Apricot – Manchurian seedling • Peach – Bailey or ??
- 24. Propagation • Don’t cometrue from seed • Must be propagated asexually –Stool layering (rootstocks) –Grafting & budding
- 25. Fruit from asingle cross
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- 47. Whip and TongueGraft
- 50. Propagation timeline 1. Linerproduced in stoolbed Dug and stored 2. Liner set and budded 3. Tree grown in field Dug, stored, shipped
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- 54. All fruit plantsare perennial • Buds produced one year • Fruit produced the following year • Plant and buds must overwinter
- 55. Tree Fruit Botany •Pome Fruits – Inferior ovary – Fruit from accessory tissue • Stone Fruits – Superior ovary – Fruit from ovarian tissue
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- 60. Fruit set requires: •Flowers • Pollination with compatible pollen • Double fertilization –Egg –Central cell (endosperm)
- 61. Pollination issues • Triploids(3n) –Jonagold –Gravenstein • Season of bloom –Early –Late • Sports –Delicious –McIntosh –Cortland
- 62. Fruit No. vs.Fruit size Fruit size 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 100 110 120 130 140 Fruit wt. (g) Fruit per tree
- 63. Thinning apples • Hand •Chemical –Sevin –Florel • Within 3 weeks of petal fall to get fruit size & return bloom response.
- 64. Weeks after fullbloom 2002
- 65. Seeds release hormonesthat cause cells to divide and expand. When seeds are only on one side lopsided fruit results.
- 67. Pollination Requirements Crop RequiredNot required Beneficial Apple Pear Asian Pear Tart cherry Sweet cherry Peach/ nectarine
- 68. Pollination Requirements Crop RequiredNot required Beneficial Apricot Euro.Plum Hybrid plums
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- 71. Steps in treeplanting • Wide shallow hole • Prune off long or damaged roots • The roots should be spread, not circling • Backfill with the original soil • Graft union 2-3” above soil • Water immediately
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- 77. Scion Rooting If scionsare allowed to root, the dwarfing influence of the rootstock is lost.
- 78. Nutrition Principles • Allnutrients don’t come from the soil each year –Perennial plant parts hold nutrients • Soil test preplant –Add required P & K preplant • Tissue test
- 79. Mineral Nutrition • 1oz actual N per year of tree growth – More for stone fruits • < ½ lb actual N per tree per year • 15-20 inches of new growth on young trees • 8-12 inches on bearing trees
- 80. Mineral Nutrition • Ifthe site was properly prepared you should only need to add nitrogen • Generally tree fruits don’t need micronutrients or other expensive nutrient materials • Foliar applications alone usually are not sufficient to meet the needs of the trees
- 81. Tissue Testing • Sampletree fruits midsummer • Fully expanded leaves from the middle of current season growth • Sample throughout the planting • Submit promptly to a lab
- 83. Weed Management • Whatis a weed to a tree? –Annual broadleaf weeds –Woody perennials –Grasses
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