OSGi World Congress 2003

1. Adaptive Network Middleware
CSC (Communication Service Concierge)
Ryutaro Kawamura (NTT Laboratories)
10.23.03

2. Outline
History
What is CSC
Relationship between OSGi and CSC
Requirements -> OSGi specification
Related activities in NTT and Japan
Digital Home-Network Forum in Japan
ECHONET Consortium

3. History
CSC project was started in 1999.
CSC is network middleware.
Not only for “Gateway” but also “end-to-end communication”.
CSC uses software component functionalities based on
Java technologies; we developed the functionalities by
ourselves.
We found out about OSGi in 2001, and decided to replace
our original functionalities with the OSGi framework.
As a result, OSGi is an important part of our middleware.
Also, OSGi itself is very useful for NTT’s service handling.

4. CSC and OSGi framework
CSC internally uses OSGi framework.
CSC OSGi

5. CSC
(Communication Service Concierge)

6. Motivation of CSC development
• Available network technologies are quickly diversifying.
– Remarkable in the access line (Fiber, ADSL, WLAN, etc.).
– Suffering from frequent upgrades.
• Application software and user's objective / requirements also do.
• As a result, everything is diversifying.
• This is causing many network problems.
• NW middleware will adaptively bind
these two areas and enable their
independent growth. NetworksNetworks
Network MiddlewareNetwork Middleware
ApplicationsApplications

7. Typical problem 1 : Nomadic Computing
Airport
Station
Private
Home
Public
Hot Spot
Business
Office
Ethernet
Mobile
Ethernet
802.11b
802.11a 3G, PHS
802.11b, bluetooth
•Available access lines are …? Which one is best?
•Frequent protocol upgrades for new services.

8. Typical problem 2: video stream transmission
HomeNW, NA
Network Provider
ASP
•Bottlenecks are distributed in end-to-end commun.
•Not only access link.
•Heterogeneity of NW and appliances accelerates this trend.
Congestion in Home LAN
Complicated Setting up Congestion
in the Internet
Congestion
in iDC
Overloaded
Server

9. Requirements for NW middleware
Loosely coupling network technologies and applications
to permit their independent evolution
Adaptation to rapid change in both network technologies
and user requirements
Customizability to accommodate diverse user preferences
Seamless support of end-to-end of communication
OS independent
Small processing requirements and footprint
Reasons to select Java and OSGi
Loosely coupling network technologies and applications
to permit their independent evolution
Adaptation to rapid change in both network technologies
and user requirements
Customizability to accommodate diverse user preferences
Seamless support of end-to-end of communication
OS independent
Small processing requirements and footprint

10. What is CSC?
Adaptive network middleware for communication.
Arranges and optimises end-to-end communications by
coordinating various kinds of network resources.
Distributed and user centric network control platform.
Application Application
Network
Network Appliance Communication flow
Root
PI PI
CSC
PI PI
C
R
C
R
C
R
PI
PI: Plug-in Module, CR: Commun. Resource
C
R
PI
Info.(requirements)
Download PIs
coordinate CR
PI
C
R
Network Appliance
Plug-in module server
Plug-in module
Communication
resource
C
R

11. Two Important concepts
CSC tries to coordinate communication as
outside intervention
Keep Loosely coupling networks and applications
CSC is not mandatory
Keep CSC invisible to the application and networks
Best-effort oriented
Pursues improvement rather than a rigorous
guarantee
Because, the possibilities of resource coordination
are restricted in the Internet

12. CSC design principles
• Component structure
• Plug-in module distribution
• Operating system independent and small
footprint
• Security
• Support of existing applications

13. Basic concept for communication control in CSC
Application ApplicationNetwork
NA(Server)NA(Client)
Resource Control Logic Control
Communication flow
CSC
PI PI
PIProcess
control
Process
control
Bandwidth control
PI
Format
conversion
PI PI
encodedecode
•Encryption
•Compression
•Synchronization
•QoS control
•Mobility control
•…..
CRM
(Commun. Resource
Management)
CLM
(Commun. Logic
Management)

14. CSC structure and OSGi
Java VM
Application
Operating System
(including built-in protocols)
Hardware / Network
CR
CR
CR
download
Plug-in
module server
CRM
CLMCLM
Core
CLMM
CRM Core
OSGi
CRMM
CRM: Commun. Resource Management
CLM: Commun. Logic Management
CR: Commun. Resource
CRMM: CRM Module
CLMM: CLM Module
CLMM
CRMM CRMM
CLMM CRMM

15. CSC architecture overview
Application Application
Network
NA(Server)NA(Client)
Commun.
flow
NE(router,GW)
CRM Core
CRMM
(root) CRMM CRMM
CRM
CRM Core
CRMM CRMM
CLM
Core
CLMM
CLM
Core
CLM
Core
CLMM
CLMM
CR CR CR
CRMM CLMM Plug-in module
server
CLMMCLMM
OSGi OSGi
CLM
CRM Core
OSGi
CRMM CRMM

16. CRM: Communication Resource Management
• Framework to coordinate the resources distributed along the
end-to-end
• CRM Core formulates the distributed object environment
• CRM modules have semantics of resource control
• Security functionalities are key issues
• OSGi is utilized in CRM Core
Application Application
Network
NA(Server)NA(Client)
Commun.
flow
CRM Core
CRMM
(root) CRMM CRMM
CRM
CRM Core
CRMM CRMM
CLM
Core
CLMM CLM
Core
CLM
Core
CLMM
CLMM
CR CR CR
CLMMCLMM
OSGi OSGi
CLM
CRM Core
OSGi
CRMM CRMM

17. CLM: Communication Logic Management
• Control the communication
data directly
• CLM module examples
– encryption, compression, QoS
monitoring, shaping, policing,
synchronization, packet filtering,
dynamic transcoding
• Uses socket abstraction for
the API to the applications
• Data is processed
sequentially in each CLMM in
the chain
Java socket API
Application
CLM
Core
Java socket API
(CSC socket API)
downstream
chain
upstream
chain
data stream
CLMM
CLMM
CLMM
CLMM
CLMM

18. Performance evaluation of CLM
GigE
AP
GigE-SW
CLMM
PC PC
AP
PC Spec
Pentium4, 2.4 GHz,
memory 1GB
OS: Windows XP Pro.
200
cpuload(%)
AES(s)
AES(s)
Gzip(r)
Gzip(s)
no-module(r)
no-module(s)
JavaSocket(r)
JavaSocket(s)
5 10 20 50 100
0
20
40
60
80
100
bandwidth(Mbps)
AES(r)
AES(r)
Gzip(r)
Gzip(s)
no-module(r)
no-module(s)
JavaSocket(r)
JavaSocket(s)
)
Cammelia(r)
Cammelia(r)
Cammelia(s)
Cammelia(s)
Bandwidth （Mbps）
CPUload（％）
s: sender
r: receiver
CLMM
senderreceiver
Test CLM modules
(1) Compression (Gzip)
(2) Cipher
• AES
• Camellia

19. Example 1: Nomadic Appliance
Airport
Station
Private
Home
Public
Hot Spot
Business Office
Ethernet
Mobile
Ethernet
802.11b
802.11a
3G, PHS
802.11b, bluetooth

20. Example2: ASP
Application Application
Network
CRM Core
CRMM
CRM Core
CRMM
CLM
Core
CLM
Core
CLMMCLMM
subscriber ASP
CRMM
(root)
CRMM CLMM
Plug-in module
server
download
download
Push the modules
to subscribers
E.g.
Encryption
E.g.
Decryption

21. Example 3: QoS control for video stream transmission
Application Application
NE(router)
CRM Core
CRMM
(root)
CRMM
CRM Core
CRMM CRMM
CLM
Core
CLM
Core
CLMM
CR
CLMM
CRM Core
CRMM
bottleneck
ServerPC,Internet TV, etc
NW resource control
(packet priority)
Change video
source quality
Observe
transmission
quality
CR

22. Example 4: Home Security / Automation
HR
PC
AV
White goods
GW
Sensor
Data center
HGW
•Remote control
•Alarm
•Remote control
•Alarm
•Home Control•Home Control
•Module download
•Remote management
•Module download
•Remote management
CRM Core
CRMM CRMM CRMM
CRMM
CRM Core
CRMM
CRM Core
CRMM
CRM Core
CRMM
CRM Core
CRMM
Some
appliances
support CSC
Target:
Power Mgt., Security, Healthcare, Remote Mgt.,
Home Automation, Telematics, …

23. Communication Network
Plug-in Module Providers
•Service arrangement
•Increase User satisfaction
•Fast provisioning
•Efficient NW resource allocation
•Unattended service provisioning
•Time to market service provisioning
•E.g. Special Encryption for secure
transaction
•Automatic configuration of user appliance
•Application/Hardware
quick implementation by
reusing CSC modules
•Automatic configuration of communication
appliances
•No Technical knowledge or experience
•Easy upgrade to new internet services
Vendors
User
Plug-in
Module
Network
Provider
ASP (Application Service Provider)

24. Relationship between CSC and OSGi
CSC (Communication Service Concierge)
Adaptive and distributed
network middleware for “end-to-
end” communication.
Proprietary NTT product
Internally uses OSGi
Framework (CRM)
OSGi (Open Service Gateway Initiative)
Gateway oriented centralized
control model.
Standardized specification in
OSGi alliance.
CSC OSGi

25. Requirements to OSGi Specification
Security Functions
Bundle mgt. on remote framework with security.
Authentication between frameworks and/or bundles.
Bundle with digital signature(s).
Need to simplify the complicated security framework for
framework security by Java Security and bundle security
by PermissionAdmin.
Service call between remote bundles
Service export/use between bundles running on other
frameworks.
Should be completely the same as those in local bundles.

26. Charter
• Design networks for IT and Network appliances at home.
• Define a Digital Home-network System that well uses
communications and broadcasting services
• Promote standardization of system components and development of
new technologies
Related activities in NTT Lab. and Japan (1)
Digital Home-network Forum in Japan
Establishment
• 1999.7 as a private forum
• 66 companies or organizations (2003.8)
Scope
Application / Total Architecture / Home Gateway / Middleware /
Hardware, Links / Cabling and Construction

27. ◆ Class of System Component
HA (Home Access): Home Gateway
HB (Home Bridge): Intelligent Hub
HC (Home Client): IP Consumer Electrics
HD (Home Device): Consumer Eclectics
◆ Logical Element
PS (portal Services)
LC (Layer-1/2 Converter)
BP (Boundary Point)
EP (End Point)
EP
Proprietary technology
domainIP technology domain
Home Client Class
(HC)
Home Device Class
(HD)
Home Access Class
(HA)
Home Bridge Class
(HB)
LC
Communications Network
Broadcast Network
IP Protocol Individual Proptcols
TV
STB
AV-HDD D-VHS
DVD Digital AV
Plane
PC
Plane
Tel・FAX
Plane
Home
Appliance
Plane
PC
Printer
DSC
DVC
Semicon Audio
Cordless Phone
Cordless FAX
Video Phone
Air-CON
Microwave-
Oven Light Browser
Monitor-CameraRefrigerator
Health-checker
EP
EP
EP
LC
Access Network
Gateway
PS LC
C-GW
BP
STB
BP
PC
BP
Tel／FAX
BP
Controller
B-GW
Based on ITU-T SG9 Study
Systems Architecture of the Forum
OSGi is one way to
add adaptability and
customizability to the
gateways.

28. Establishment
1997 established.
106 companies or organizations (2003.4).
Charter
Define multiple layer protocol structure and control object that
allow interconnection to the devices/services using different
protocols (incl. non-IP protocols).
Designed for detached homes, collective housing, shops, and
small office buildings.
Open APIs and protocols
Scope
energy conservation, home security, home health care, white
goods networking,…
Related activities in NTT Lab. and Japan (2) :
EHONET Consortium (http://www.echonet.gr.jp)

29. Related activities in NTT Lab. and Japan :
Vision of EHONET
OSGi is one way to add
adaptability and customizability
to the gateways.
ECHONET
gateway/router
Power line
Broadband access
NW terminator
Home appliance Network

30. Related activities in NTT Lab. and Japan :
Scope of EHONET development
Echonet Communications
Absorption of Protocol Differences
Layer
3-7
Layer
1,2
Power
Line
Low-
power
RF
Cable IrDA Lon
Service
Middleware
Communication
Middleware
Transmission
media
Lower-level
Communications IFs
Application Softeware

31. Conclusion
NTT has developed adaptive middleware CSC for smart
communications.
OSGi is an important part of CSC.
CSC is seeking to become a de facto standard or open
specification.
Also, OSGi itself is very useful for NTT’s service handling.
Reference
H. Maeomichi et. al, “A QoS Management Framework based on COP oriented Communication
Resource Coordination,” ACM/IFIP/USENIX Middleware 2003.
(http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~corsaro/papers/RM2003/p23-hiroyuki.pdf)
A. Tsutsui et. al, “An Adaptive Communication Middleware for Network Service Coordination,”
IEEE CCNC 2004.

32. Thank you
Questions?
Contact Info.:
Ryutaro Kawamura
Senior Manager,
NTT Cyber Solutions Laboratories
kawamura.ryutaro@lab.ntt.co.jp