This document discusses adaptive behavior and higher cognitive functions from a multidisciplinary perspective, focusing on the social factors that make humans unique. It compares humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques in terms of genetics, brain structure, and social intelligence. While humans and chimpanzees share more genetic similarities, rhesus macaques have social behaviors more like humans. The field of social neuroscience examines how the brain mediates social interactions and behaviors through structures involved in mentalizing and empathizing. Understanding primate social organizations provides insights into the evolution of human societies driven by social intelligence.
This document discusses three key aspects of designing for human error:
1) It examines human capabilities and limitations from physical, cognitive, and social perspectives to understand how design can fit with them.
2) It explores the difference between human errors like mistakes and slips versus design errors, noting people will err and design should account for this.
3) It outlines three approaches to design - technology-oriented, human-centered, and activity-centered - recommending the latter which develops a deep understanding of the activities to be performed.
3 a cognitive heuristic model of community recognition finalAle Cignetti
- The document proposes a cognitive heuristic model for recognizing local communities.
- It describes the ambiguous concept of community and notes communities can be described as a clustering spectrum.
- The model is inspired by human cognitive skills and heuristics for effective community detection. It uses a tri-partite model involving unconscious knowledge, reasoning, and learning modules.
- The paper outlines a simple cognitive algorithm for community detection based on knowledge discovery, learning, inference, and evaluation phases that aims to be inherently local and scalable.
Virtual management involves leading teams that work remotely using online tools. It allows organizations to tap global talent pools and leverage specialized expertise wherever it exists. Key factors for success include motivating virtual teams through intrinsic rather than extrinsic rewards, fostering knowledge sharing and social bonds, encouraging different levels of collaboration, and properly distributing tasks. Organizations should emphasize both task processes and socioemotional connections between team members. With the right approach, virtual teams have been shown to outperform traditional colocated teams.
- The document proposes a cognitive heuristic model for local community recognition based on principles of probabilistic reasoning and learning from human cognition.
- It describes a tripartite model of unconscious knowledge, reasoning processes, and learning evaluation to represent cognitive heuristics for tasks like community detection and definition.
- A simple cognitive algorithm is presented that uses memory vectors and inference rules inspired by cognitive heuristics to recognize communities in a network through local interactions alone.
Expoiting Cognitive Biais - Creating UX for the Irrational Human MindYu Centrik
The document discusses how cognitive biases can be used to create more effective user experiences. It argues that while computers are strictly logical, human minds are irrational, subjective, and prone to cognitive biases. To design for humans, user-facing elements need a psychological approach that accounts for how people actually think, feel, and make decisions based on both logic and a variety of non-logical factors. Understanding cognitive biases can help predict human irrationality and apply specific biases to improve the user experience.
This document contains a self-introduction from an individual who was born in Taipei, Taiwan and has experience in marketing and design communication at an IT company. They have entered graduate programs in industrial design at Cheng-Kung University in Taiwan and a Ph.D. program in design science at Chiba University in Japan. They are a member of a large interaction design interest group and have coordinated several design workshops. They are currently a post-doc researcher at a research institute.
Design Scripts: Designing (inter)action with intent Bas Leurs
The document discusses design scripts, which are ways that artifacts can prescribe or influence how users interact with and behave around the artifact. Some examples are given, like how speed bumps are designed to signal drivers to slow down. The document also discusses how designers aim to predict how users will interact with their designs and shape user behaviors. Finally, it notes that the principles of design scripts can be found in many fields that aim to influence human cognition, attitudes, and behaviors through the design of artifacts and environments.
The document describes eight skills of an innovator: 1) Outreach Engagement, 2) Dispassionate Empathy, 3) Active Exploration, 4) Experimental Imagination, 5) Mental Duality, 6) Qualitative Synthesis, 7) Clarifying Storytelling, and 8) Options Decision Making. Each skill is defined in 1-3 sentences with an emphasis on engaging networks, understanding user motivations, exploring new knowledge, combining ideas creatively, considering multiple levels of a problem simultaneously, synthesizing incomplete information, communicating experiences emotionally and rationally, and making decisions with ambiguity. The skills work together to advance innovation.
This document discusses three key aspects of designing for human error:
1) It examines human capabilities and limitations from physical, cognitive, and social perspectives to understand how design can fit with them.
2) It explores the difference between human errors like mistakes and slips versus design errors, noting people will err and design should account for this.
3) It outlines three approaches to design - technology-oriented, human-centered, and activity-centered - recommending the latter which develops a deep understanding of the activities to be performed.
3 a cognitive heuristic model of community recognition finalAle Cignetti
- The document proposes a cognitive heuristic model for recognizing local communities.
- It describes the ambiguous concept of community and notes communities can be described as a clustering spectrum.
- The model is inspired by human cognitive skills and heuristics for effective community detection. It uses a tri-partite model involving unconscious knowledge, reasoning, and learning modules.
- The paper outlines a simple cognitive algorithm for community detection based on knowledge discovery, learning, inference, and evaluation phases that aims to be inherently local and scalable.
Virtual management involves leading teams that work remotely using online tools. It allows organizations to tap global talent pools and leverage specialized expertise wherever it exists. Key factors for success include motivating virtual teams through intrinsic rather than extrinsic rewards, fostering knowledge sharing and social bonds, encouraging different levels of collaboration, and properly distributing tasks. Organizations should emphasize both task processes and socioemotional connections between team members. With the right approach, virtual teams have been shown to outperform traditional colocated teams.
- The document proposes a cognitive heuristic model for local community recognition based on principles of probabilistic reasoning and learning from human cognition.
- It describes a tripartite model of unconscious knowledge, reasoning processes, and learning evaluation to represent cognitive heuristics for tasks like community detection and definition.
- A simple cognitive algorithm is presented that uses memory vectors and inference rules inspired by cognitive heuristics to recognize communities in a network through local interactions alone.
Expoiting Cognitive Biais - Creating UX for the Irrational Human MindYu Centrik
The document discusses how cognitive biases can be used to create more effective user experiences. It argues that while computers are strictly logical, human minds are irrational, subjective, and prone to cognitive biases. To design for humans, user-facing elements need a psychological approach that accounts for how people actually think, feel, and make decisions based on both logic and a variety of non-logical factors. Understanding cognitive biases can help predict human irrationality and apply specific biases to improve the user experience.
This document contains a self-introduction from an individual who was born in Taipei, Taiwan and has experience in marketing and design communication at an IT company. They have entered graduate programs in industrial design at Cheng-Kung University in Taiwan and a Ph.D. program in design science at Chiba University in Japan. They are a member of a large interaction design interest group and have coordinated several design workshops. They are currently a post-doc researcher at a research institute.
Design Scripts: Designing (inter)action with intent Bas Leurs
The document discusses design scripts, which are ways that artifacts can prescribe or influence how users interact with and behave around the artifact. Some examples are given, like how speed bumps are designed to signal drivers to slow down. The document also discusses how designers aim to predict how users will interact with their designs and shape user behaviors. Finally, it notes that the principles of design scripts can be found in many fields that aim to influence human cognition, attitudes, and behaviors through the design of artifacts and environments.
The document describes eight skills of an innovator: 1) Outreach Engagement, 2) Dispassionate Empathy, 3) Active Exploration, 4) Experimental Imagination, 5) Mental Duality, 6) Qualitative Synthesis, 7) Clarifying Storytelling, and 8) Options Decision Making. Each skill is defined in 1-3 sentences with an emphasis on engaging networks, understanding user motivations, exploring new knowledge, combining ideas creatively, considering multiple levels of a problem simultaneously, synthesizing incomplete information, communicating experiences emotionally and rationally, and making decisions with ambiguity. The skills work together to advance innovation.
This document discusses ways for academics to maximize their online presence and visibility. It recommends assessing one's current online footprint and digital shadow through regular Google searches and alerts. It suggests improving profiles on sites like Academia.edu, LinkedIn, and one's institution page. The document also recommends making scholarly works openly accessible by self-archiving, using repositories, and publishing in open access journals. Other tips include using social bookmarking sites, academic communities, blogging, and Twitter to connect and communicate with other scholars. The overall goal is to broadly share one's work online to increase citations and scholarly impact.
The document discusses challenges with the traditional view of psychological architecture for behavior, which depicts perception, cognition, and action as distinct sequential processes. It notes that this view was designed to explain human problem-solving and assumes a disembodied mind. The document questions where the "central executive" of cognition is located in the brain, as neural correlates of decision-making are found in many regions. It suggests this traditional view may not adequately explain neural data and that brains could be considered control systems rather than strictly input/output devices.
1) The document discusses best practices for integrating human factors into system design to ensure reliability and robustness.
2) It presents a model that shows the relationships between human capabilities, tasks, displays, machines, and the environment.
3) The principles of human factors design are that systems must be compatible with human capabilities and limitations and enable humans to handle non-routine situations and recover from errors.
The document discusses different value creation logics including the industrial logic focused on economies of scale, standardization, and automation; the dream society logic prioritizing emotions and branding over functionality; the creative man logic emphasizing individualized production and innovation; and the knowledge society logic centered around developing and commercializing new knowledge. It also examines trends like digitalization, decentralization, and the transition towards more diverse, personalized, and experience-based forms of production and consumption.
The document discusses awareness in autonomous systems. It covers general properties of self-awareness like perception and collectivity. It also discusses the short-term impacts of self-awareness like safety and sustainability and long-term open issues. Key aspects of self-awareness are levels ranging from ecological to conceptual awareness. Distributed emergence of self-awareness is possible through collective systems though parts exhibit less awareness. Internal models are important for self-aware systems to represent themselves and environments to test possibilities.
Augmenting Compassion Using Intimate Digital Media to Parallel Traditional D...Christine Rosakranse
This document summarizes a proposed framework for augmenting human compassion using intimate digital media. The framework is grounded in theories of emotional design, value-sensitive design, and grounded theory. It reviews approaches to measuring compassion cognitively and physiologically by examining brain activity. Studies on compassion meditation and empathy for pain are discussed to identify the neural regions involved in compassion. The framework aims to parallel traditional methods of developing compassion by modulating neural networks through exposure to intimate media stimuli and facilitating reflective coherence. The goal is to discover how to lower the activation energy required for compassionate states and prosocial behavior.
Future Interface : What the last 50+ Years of Modern Computing History May Te...CA API Management
The age of modern computing is now dates back than half a century. What key accomplishments in the field over these past decades have notably shaped computing today? And what trends and practices today are likely to have an affect on the future of computing?
In this lively presentation, Mike Amundsen - author, presenter, and software architect - highlights key trends in the past fifty years; drawing from diverse sources including physical architecture, industrial design, the psychology of perception, and cross-cultural mono-myth that helped to shape both the art and business of computing today and discusses current social and technological trends that may have a hand in shaping the future of computing. He asks attendees to consider what the future of computing will look like and what business and individuals can do today to prepare for, and influence, computing's future. Amundsen, whose latest book "Building Hypermedia APIs with HTML5 and Node" has been called "[O]ne of the biggest conceptual advances since Roy Fielding first defined the REST architectural style" will focus on the role APIs can play and how hypermedia and other non-linear, collaborative models can influence the way humans and machines communicate in a future "programmable civilization."
This document summarizes Marina Brant's MS thesis from Pratt Institute on using design to promote human connection. It discusses how digital technology is isolating and the goal of using human-centered design to create analog experiences that stimulate participation and interaction. The research covers post-digital, interaction design and participatory design approaches. Case studies show how installations translate digital to physical or analog media to involve people. The thesis proposes creating an installation in a public space that invites collaborative interaction through analog tools or translating digital attributes into a tactile library collection co-created by an audience.
Experience based Personal Multimedia Content Management SystemAdrian Hornsby
The document discusses personal content management through sensing and experience. It outlines moving from raw sensing to life sensing to gaining a continuum experience. This involves sensing data, analyzing patterns in behavior, social judgement and context to create living metadata. An experience-based ontology is proposed to organize multimedia content and close the loop between sensing, experience and personal content management.
Network Learning: AI-driven Connectivist Framework for E-Learning 3.0Neil Rubens
This document discusses the evolution of eLearning and introduces a connectivist framework for eLearning 3.0. It summarizes eLearning 1.0 which focused on reading content and behaviorism/cognitivism theories. eLearning 2.0 allowed writing and social interaction and incorporated constructivism and social learning theories. However, most created content is unused, redundant, or results in information overload. The document proposes connectivism which views knowledge as distributed across networks and learning as constructing/navigating these networks. It introduces a conceptual framework using AI to connect content, people, and models through different layers and modules.
Understanding what is needed to turn data in to information, information into knowledge, and knowledge into wisdom is important for transmedia storytellers (and information designers in general). This short presentation is part of an in-class lecture by Peter von Stackelberg.
This document discusses regenerative organizations and leadership. It begins by contrasting linear models of operation with integrated systems approaches. It then presents a framework for regenerative leadership with 4 quadrants focusing on individual and collective behaviors and mindsets. The final sections discuss other frameworks for sustainability and the principles of sustainability put forth by the Brundtland Commission.
The Pervasive Experience - project review July 2010Rob Manson
This document reviews the Pervasive Experience project. In this project the driving assumption is that increasingly pervasive, networked technologies are impacting our lives. The research question is: How is Pervasive Computing changing you?
The document discusses theories of objects from STS scholars like Heidegger, Ihde, and Latour, and how they can inform our understanding of objects in an Internet of Things world. It explores how STS theories view the composition, position, and relations of objects. The researchers are working on a model and application to implement objects in IoT, and are drawing on lessons from these theorists about how technologies mediate our relations with objects and environments. They are still working through questions about how users can define, share, and search for IoT objects.
This document outlines the Stress Management And Resiliency Training (SMART) Program. It discusses [1] what causes stress, focusing on perception rather than external events, [2] the two brain modes of focused and default, and [3] a model of the mind involving attention and interpretation. It then provides instructions for daily exercises to [1] train joyful and kind attention, focusing outwardly rather than inwardly, and [2] interpret situations based on principles like gratitude rather than prejudices. Practicing these techniques can help manage stress and increase resilience.
Using Web 2.0 Teaching Tools for Motivating Students and Engaging Them in Cre...ilkyen
Using Web 2.0 Teaching Tools for Motivating Students and Engaging Them in Creative Thinking @
The 20th International Conference on Computers in Education
(ICCE 2012)
This slide-show discusses habit 3 from the series: the 7 habits of highly effective decision makers. It shows how the great decision makers use the power of visualisation to combat complexity, clarify communication and catalyse creativity.
This document summarizes Wenzhuo Duan's master's thesis project on designing an online interactive system using metaphors and photography. The project involved a literature review on imaging technologies, metaphor, and interaction design. An empirical study was conducted involving graduate students classifying and evaluating photographs based on a metaphor definition. Results showed metaphorical stimuli affected perceptions of usefulness and engagement. The design phase incorporated tagging, sharing, guessing and collecting based on research results. Future work could involve more participant testing and feedback to iterate the design.
Katie King discusses her research into distributed animality and cognition using her avatar in the virtual world Second Life. She explores how identities and knowledge can be distributed across both human and non-human actors through practices like transgendering and interactions with virtual dogs in Second Life. King draws from theorists like Haraway who discuss how human and non-human bodies and cognitions are entangled in complex ways.
If there is a dumb meta-narrative acting as the framework of our experiences, actions, and life, then we need a more detailed theoretical explanation of how capitalism provides us with social cohesion.
One attempt at this explanation is developed in the Theory of Social Imaginaries by contemporary thinkers such as Gilbert Durand, Michel Maffesoli, Cornelius Castoriadis, and Charles Taylor.
This document discusses ways for academics to maximize their online presence and visibility. It recommends assessing one's current online footprint and digital shadow through regular Google searches and alerts. It suggests improving profiles on sites like Academia.edu, LinkedIn, and one's institution page. The document also recommends making scholarly works openly accessible by self-archiving, using repositories, and publishing in open access journals. Other tips include using social bookmarking sites, academic communities, blogging, and Twitter to connect and communicate with other scholars. The overall goal is to broadly share one's work online to increase citations and scholarly impact.
The document discusses challenges with the traditional view of psychological architecture for behavior, which depicts perception, cognition, and action as distinct sequential processes. It notes that this view was designed to explain human problem-solving and assumes a disembodied mind. The document questions where the "central executive" of cognition is located in the brain, as neural correlates of decision-making are found in many regions. It suggests this traditional view may not adequately explain neural data and that brains could be considered control systems rather than strictly input/output devices.
1) The document discusses best practices for integrating human factors into system design to ensure reliability and robustness.
2) It presents a model that shows the relationships between human capabilities, tasks, displays, machines, and the environment.
3) The principles of human factors design are that systems must be compatible with human capabilities and limitations and enable humans to handle non-routine situations and recover from errors.
The document discusses different value creation logics including the industrial logic focused on economies of scale, standardization, and automation; the dream society logic prioritizing emotions and branding over functionality; the creative man logic emphasizing individualized production and innovation; and the knowledge society logic centered around developing and commercializing new knowledge. It also examines trends like digitalization, decentralization, and the transition towards more diverse, personalized, and experience-based forms of production and consumption.
The document discusses awareness in autonomous systems. It covers general properties of self-awareness like perception and collectivity. It also discusses the short-term impacts of self-awareness like safety and sustainability and long-term open issues. Key aspects of self-awareness are levels ranging from ecological to conceptual awareness. Distributed emergence of self-awareness is possible through collective systems though parts exhibit less awareness. Internal models are important for self-aware systems to represent themselves and environments to test possibilities.
Augmenting Compassion Using Intimate Digital Media to Parallel Traditional D...Christine Rosakranse
This document summarizes a proposed framework for augmenting human compassion using intimate digital media. The framework is grounded in theories of emotional design, value-sensitive design, and grounded theory. It reviews approaches to measuring compassion cognitively and physiologically by examining brain activity. Studies on compassion meditation and empathy for pain are discussed to identify the neural regions involved in compassion. The framework aims to parallel traditional methods of developing compassion by modulating neural networks through exposure to intimate media stimuli and facilitating reflective coherence. The goal is to discover how to lower the activation energy required for compassionate states and prosocial behavior.
Future Interface : What the last 50+ Years of Modern Computing History May Te...CA API Management
The age of modern computing is now dates back than half a century. What key accomplishments in the field over these past decades have notably shaped computing today? And what trends and practices today are likely to have an affect on the future of computing?
In this lively presentation, Mike Amundsen - author, presenter, and software architect - highlights key trends in the past fifty years; drawing from diverse sources including physical architecture, industrial design, the psychology of perception, and cross-cultural mono-myth that helped to shape both the art and business of computing today and discusses current social and technological trends that may have a hand in shaping the future of computing. He asks attendees to consider what the future of computing will look like and what business and individuals can do today to prepare for, and influence, computing's future. Amundsen, whose latest book "Building Hypermedia APIs with HTML5 and Node" has been called "[O]ne of the biggest conceptual advances since Roy Fielding first defined the REST architectural style" will focus on the role APIs can play and how hypermedia and other non-linear, collaborative models can influence the way humans and machines communicate in a future "programmable civilization."
This document summarizes Marina Brant's MS thesis from Pratt Institute on using design to promote human connection. It discusses how digital technology is isolating and the goal of using human-centered design to create analog experiences that stimulate participation and interaction. The research covers post-digital, interaction design and participatory design approaches. Case studies show how installations translate digital to physical or analog media to involve people. The thesis proposes creating an installation in a public space that invites collaborative interaction through analog tools or translating digital attributes into a tactile library collection co-created by an audience.
Experience based Personal Multimedia Content Management SystemAdrian Hornsby
The document discusses personal content management through sensing and experience. It outlines moving from raw sensing to life sensing to gaining a continuum experience. This involves sensing data, analyzing patterns in behavior, social judgement and context to create living metadata. An experience-based ontology is proposed to organize multimedia content and close the loop between sensing, experience and personal content management.
Network Learning: AI-driven Connectivist Framework for E-Learning 3.0Neil Rubens
This document discusses the evolution of eLearning and introduces a connectivist framework for eLearning 3.0. It summarizes eLearning 1.0 which focused on reading content and behaviorism/cognitivism theories. eLearning 2.0 allowed writing and social interaction and incorporated constructivism and social learning theories. However, most created content is unused, redundant, or results in information overload. The document proposes connectivism which views knowledge as distributed across networks and learning as constructing/navigating these networks. It introduces a conceptual framework using AI to connect content, people, and models through different layers and modules.
Understanding what is needed to turn data in to information, information into knowledge, and knowledge into wisdom is important for transmedia storytellers (and information designers in general). This short presentation is part of an in-class lecture by Peter von Stackelberg.
This document discusses regenerative organizations and leadership. It begins by contrasting linear models of operation with integrated systems approaches. It then presents a framework for regenerative leadership with 4 quadrants focusing on individual and collective behaviors and mindsets. The final sections discuss other frameworks for sustainability and the principles of sustainability put forth by the Brundtland Commission.
The Pervasive Experience - project review July 2010Rob Manson
This document reviews the Pervasive Experience project. In this project the driving assumption is that increasingly pervasive, networked technologies are impacting our lives. The research question is: How is Pervasive Computing changing you?
The document discusses theories of objects from STS scholars like Heidegger, Ihde, and Latour, and how they can inform our understanding of objects in an Internet of Things world. It explores how STS theories view the composition, position, and relations of objects. The researchers are working on a model and application to implement objects in IoT, and are drawing on lessons from these theorists about how technologies mediate our relations with objects and environments. They are still working through questions about how users can define, share, and search for IoT objects.
This document outlines the Stress Management And Resiliency Training (SMART) Program. It discusses [1] what causes stress, focusing on perception rather than external events, [2] the two brain modes of focused and default, and [3] a model of the mind involving attention and interpretation. It then provides instructions for daily exercises to [1] train joyful and kind attention, focusing outwardly rather than inwardly, and [2] interpret situations based on principles like gratitude rather than prejudices. Practicing these techniques can help manage stress and increase resilience.
Using Web 2.0 Teaching Tools for Motivating Students and Engaging Them in Cre...ilkyen
Using Web 2.0 Teaching Tools for Motivating Students and Engaging Them in Creative Thinking @
The 20th International Conference on Computers in Education
(ICCE 2012)
This slide-show discusses habit 3 from the series: the 7 habits of highly effective decision makers. It shows how the great decision makers use the power of visualisation to combat complexity, clarify communication and catalyse creativity.
This document summarizes Wenzhuo Duan's master's thesis project on designing an online interactive system using metaphors and photography. The project involved a literature review on imaging technologies, metaphor, and interaction design. An empirical study was conducted involving graduate students classifying and evaluating photographs based on a metaphor definition. Results showed metaphorical stimuli affected perceptions of usefulness and engagement. The design phase incorporated tagging, sharing, guessing and collecting based on research results. Future work could involve more participant testing and feedback to iterate the design.
Katie King discusses her research into distributed animality and cognition using her avatar in the virtual world Second Life. She explores how identities and knowledge can be distributed across both human and non-human actors through practices like transgendering and interactions with virtual dogs in Second Life. King draws from theorists like Haraway who discuss how human and non-human bodies and cognitions are entangled in complex ways.
If there is a dumb meta-narrative acting as the framework of our experiences, actions, and life, then we need a more detailed theoretical explanation of how capitalism provides us with social cohesion.
One attempt at this explanation is developed in the Theory of Social Imaginaries by contemporary thinkers such as Gilbert Durand, Michel Maffesoli, Cornelius Castoriadis, and Charles Taylor.
1) The document discusses embracing neurodiversity and an "all-inclusive" society that recognizes different types of intelligence.
2) It argues that societies have become toxic for human beings by not acknowledging neurodiversity and pushing a one-dimensional view of IQ.
3) The author dreams of a society that cleans up "mental environments" through a national campaign, in order to establish a culture that supports neurodiversity and inclusion. This would help transform societies and restore balance within the biosphere.
The document discusses recent scientific findings that show daydreaming serves important cognitive functions. It may be essential for consciousness, creativity, and social skills rehearsal. Studies find people spend 15-50% of waking hours daydreaming. Far from being a waste, daydreaming helps generate identity and may be key to problem solving. It allows rehearsing of social situations without risk. More research is needed to fully understand its benefits.
The document discusses memes as conceptualized by Richard Dawkins as units of cultural transmission or imitation that replicate and evolve through social learning in a similar way that genes replicate and evolve biologically. Key points include:
- Memes include ideas, beliefs, fashion trends, and other cultural phenomena that spread from person to person via imitation.
- Memes operate through natural selection and compete to spread more successfully through populations like genes.
- Religion and religious beliefs can be understood as particularly successful memes that confer advantages to aid their replication such as faith-based thinking and linking altruism to religious affiliation.
The document discusses memes as conceptualized by Richard Dawkins as units of cultural transmission or imitation that replicate and evolve through social learning in a similar way that genes replicate and evolve biologically. Key points include:
- Memes include ideas, beliefs, fashion trends, and other cultural phenomena that spread from person to person via imitation.
- Memes operate through natural selection and compete to spread more successfully through populations like genes.
- Religion and religious beliefs can be understood as particularly successful memes that confer advantages to aid their replication such as faith-based thinking and linking altruism to religious affiliation.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in semiotics and ideology analysis including:
- Denotation refers to the literal or obvious meaning of a sign, while connotation refers to cultural interpretations and associations.
- Mythologizing and "naturalization" obscure the ideological function of signs by making beliefs seem natural and unquestioned.
- Dominant ideologies shape consciousness and are maintained through institutions like media and education.
- Hegemony describes how dominant groups use culture to establish and maintain power and control over subordinate groups.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in semiotics and ideology analysis including:
- Denotation refers to the literal or obvious meaning of a sign, while connotation refers to cultural interpretations and associations.
- Mythologizing and "naturalization" obscure the ideological function of signs by making beliefs seem natural and unquestioned.
- Dominant ideologies shape consciousness and are maintained through institutions like media and education.
- Hegemony describes how dominant groups use culture to establish and maintain power and control over subordinate groups.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in semiotics and ideology analysis including:
- Denotation refers to the literal or obvious meaning of a sign, while connotation refers to cultural interpretations and associations.
- Mythologizing and "naturalization" obscure the ideological function of signs by making beliefs seem natural and unquestioned.
- Dominant ideologies shape consciousness and are maintained through institutions like media and education.
- Hegemony describes how dominant groups use culture to establish and maintain power and control over subordinate groups.
Spiral dynamics and the art of thinkingFrances Kazan
This document discusses how consciousness and human perspectives are constantly shifting and evolving. It introduces the concept of levels of consciousness, with people operating from different levels or worldviews that influence how they think and make decisions. Spiral Dynamics is presented as a model that maps these evolving levels of consciousness as an individual's values and beliefs progress through different stages of complexity. The document suggests that training emotional intelligence can allow more people to achieve higher levels of consciousness associated with uncommon thinkers and visionary leaders who approach problems creatively. It promotes understanding different levels of consciousness to navigate today's complex world and invites the reader to learn more about Spiral Dynamics through an upcoming seminar.
Culture links society and individuals by shaping how we behave. We learn cultural values and norms through socialization, which helps us fit into society and gives us a sense of identity. Socialization occurs through primary socialization like family and secondary socialization like school or peers. It influences how we see ourselves in relation to others and society. Culture and identity are complex concepts with ongoing debates around their formation and relationship to modern social structures.
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY
Joost Abraham Maurits Meerloo (March 14, 1903 â November 17, 1976) was a Dutch Doctor of Medicine and psychoanalyst.
Born as Abraham Maurits 'Bram' Meerloo in The Hague, Netherlands, he came to United States in 1946, was naturalized in 1950, and resumed Dutch citizenship in 1972. Dr. Meerloo was a practicing psychiatrist for over forty years. He did staff psychiatric work in Holland and worked as a general practitioner until 1942 under Nazi occupation, when he assumed the name Joost to fool the occupying forces and in 1942 fled to England (after barely eluding death at the hands of the Germans). He was chief of the Psychological Department of the Dutch Army-in-Exile in England.
After the war he served as High Commissioner for Welfare in Holland, and was an advisor to UNRRA and SHAEF. An American citizen since 1950, Dr. Meerloo was a member of the faculty at Columbia University and Associate Professor of Psychiatry at the New York School of Psychiatry. He was the author of many books, including Rape of the Mind, the classic work on brainwashing, Conversation and Communication, and Hidden Communion.
He was the son of Bernard and Anna (Benjamins) Meerloo. He married Louisa Betty Duits (a physical therapist), May 7, 1948.
Education: University of Leiden, M.D., 1927; University of Utrecht, Ph.D., 1932.
Meerloo specialized in the area of thought control techniques used by totalitarian regimes.
This book has regained prominence because of the Barack H, Obama regime, and the methods that were used to establish it. One can gain many useful insights into Obama's campaign strategy by reading this book.
Old humanism placed humans at the center of the cosmic order and saw them as essentially rational. It became secularized in the early-to-mid 20th century as secular humanism. Critics argued it was a secular version of theism and reduced humans to biological beings. More recent approaches reject humanism's universalizing and essentializing of humans, instead seeing them as socially constructed and recognizing humanity's potential beyond current social and biological constraints. The question of what obstructs humans from being fully human, versus what institutions define them as human beings, is a key inquiry in rethinking humanism.
Making sense through the struggle of memesKate Jones
All human thought, reasoning, belief is built of little electromagnetic bits of data called "memes"--the human software--in contrast with genes that build the human hardware. A new theory and explanation of human behavior as a combination of feeling and thinking is proposed and illustrated with pretty pictures of mathematical tilings.
Human beings are uniquely defined by their extraordinary capacity for symbolic cognition, which allows them to live within shared symbolic constructs like language, culture, and abstract thought. While the human body and brain provide the physical hardware, it is the human mind and consciousness - along with traits like impulse control, reasoning, and creative/ethical potential - that distinguish humans. Materialist and deterministic explanations for humanity have largely collapsed as research has demonstrated that humans are defined by both physical and non-physical qualities like their role as stewards and their connection to a greater universal field that predates their physical form.
This document provides an overview of key sociological concepts from multiple perspectives. It discusses sociology as the study of human behavior within a social context. Some of the main topics and theories covered include functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, socialization, culture, groups, and deviance. Functionalism views society as a system of interrelated parts that work together, while conflict theory sees class struggle as central to human history. Socialization is the lifelong process of learning social norms and developing one's identity through interaction with others.
Man is not a machine according to the document. While machines can be programmed with logic and can beat humans in narrow problem-solving, they lack creativity, intelligence, and the ability to experience reality and emotions. The document discusses how philosophers and experts have different views on what defines humans but agrees that creativity requires a "magical gift" beyond logic. Machines can only mimic some aspects of human intelligence through programming but cannot match the flexibility and complexity of human thought. The document concludes that stating man is a machine is an oversimplification and the debate on the differences between humans and machines will continue.
Similar to Adaptive behavior and Social neuroscience (20)
10. Family Man
(Social specie)
Tribes, Clans, Mafias, Governments, Fraternity…
11. ¿?
How to understand what makes us human,
without dealing with the social factor?
12. !
human & social behavior are one*
“ Humans are intensely social creatures
and one of the major functions of our brains is to
enable us to interact successfully in social groups. ”
Tania Singer / Cognitive Neuroscience
* at least some believe that...
13. By exploring the nature and evolution of
macaque social organization, we can
develop our knowledge of the rise of
societies and their transformation during
the course of evolution.
Professor Darío Maestripieri
University of Chicago HUMAN
≡ RHESUS MACAQUE
Comparative Human In the struggle for survival, both resorted to the same solution:
Development
SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE
Evolutionary Biology
Neurobiology
14. …in the last episody
What make us human?
≡
=
=↑ 99% = ↓93%
HUMAN CHIMPANZEE
HUMAN RHESUS MACAQUE
> More different genetic spoken, but more similar in
social behavior.
15. SOCIAL
INTELLIGENCE ?
HUMAN
≡ RHESUS MACAQUE
> Deal with friends
> Build partnerships
> Power struggles
= ↓93% > Trading in influence...
• Use sex for social purpose
= • Tends to nepotism
• In both there is a quest for power (by itself) and
as a means to get everything else (food, sex .. et)
----> MACACHIAVELISMO (MACACO + MACHIAVELO)
≠ • Female Role
What make us human? SOCIAL FACTOR
16. HUMAN
1 RHESUS MACAQUE
2
CHIMPANZEE
3
Chimpanzee is more “intelligence” in many aspects than
Macaco. But the macaque is most successful (¿?)
> Because, like humans macaques are sociable.
17. What make us human? SOCIAL FACTOR
Social
Family Intelligence
Interpersonal Intelligence
To Howard Gardner
“We are more
We're very good
dedicated to our
understanding what
children than any
others think, or
other species.”
trying to do it.
(Mind reading &
empathy)
18. SOCIAL FACTOR Social neuroscience
> Focusing on how the > Investigate the
brain mediates confluence of neural
social interactions and social processes.
(Methodology)
• Functional MRI,
• Transcranial magnetic
stimulation,
• Electrocardiograms,
+
• Electromyograms,
• Endocrinology...
19. Social neuroscience
Social These structures evolved with
specie: neural and hormonal mechanisms
>create organizations beyond the to support them.
individual (families, cities, civilizations, and cultures...) (because social behavior helped these organisms to survive)
SN started to provide insights into
> Often used as synonyms.
neural mechanism underlying our capacity to*: > Sometimes the term empathy is
dividing it into two subcomponents,
emotional and cognitive empathy.
Represent others people’s Share the feelings of others
intentions and beliefs (in the absence of any direct emotional
stimulation to themselves)
Mentalizing (ToM) Emphaty
These concepts refer to our ability to put ourselves in the shoes of another person,
be it in their mental or emotional shoes.
> Allow human beings to represent the states of other people (mental or emotional)
> Predict others’ behavior Successfully engage in social interactions.
* T. Singer. There is neurological evidence for these division.
20. Mentalize > Distinct and relay on different Emphatize
neuro-cognitive circuits
☺+ ☹ = ☺☺
(share others feelings)
sharing the grief of a close friend feels fundamentally different than
(reflect upon others) understanding what this person is having as thoughts and
intentions, the latter lacking a bodily sensation. > Empathy is crucial for the
creation of affective bonds
between mother and child, and later
>This ability is absent in
monkeys and only exists in a between partners and larger social
rudimentary form in apes. groups
> The lack of a ToM in most > Observation or imagination of
autistic children could explain another person in a particular
their observed failures in emotional state automatically
communication and social interaction activates a representation of
that state in the observer with its
associated autonomic and somatic
responses.
Brain activity associated with different empathic responses ( domains of
Several studies have repeatedly given
touch, smell and pain):
evidence for the involvement of
three brain areas:
● Activation in anterior insula (AI) cortex,
● the temporal poles, (associated with the processing and feeling of
● the posterior superior temporal disgust)
sulcus (STS) and most consistently ● Activation in secondary somato-sensory
● an area in the medial pre-frontal cortex (SII) (involved in processing and feeling
lobe (mPFC) the sensation of touch).
>Activate when mentalizing about thoughts, intentions or beliefs of others but
also when people are attending to their own mental states.
21. ≠
> Evidence for neuronal correlates of mind reading
and empathy Emphatize
Mentalize
sharing sensations and emotions with others
> different ontogenetic trajectories
ability to understand the mental states of others
associated with limbic and para-limbic
structures
Related with structures that belong to (‘‘emotional’’ or ‘‘social’’ brain)
Neo-cortex
reflecting the differential development of the
underlying brain structures
developed late in phylogeny. developed early in phylogeny.
22. Mirror neurons….
The discovery of mirror neurons demonstrated that a
translation mechanism is present in the primate
brain and automatically elicited when viewing others’ actions
A newborn macaque imitates tongue protrusion
more than just imitation....
> Mirror system might underlie our ability > in Terms of Evolutionary Theory
to understand other people’s intentions
provides a great ADVANTAGE (to humans)
by providing us with an automatic Human can bring an action to conclusion >
simulation of their actions, goals and before it concludes in real time
intentions.
(having the possibility of taking immediate action to avoid danger)
23. References
Singer, Tania. The neuronal basis and ontogeny of empathy and mind reading: Review of literature and implications for
futer research. Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Welcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College of London,
17 Queen Square, WC1N 3AR London, UK
http://eprints.nuim.ie/1003/1/Haydn__MPP_issue_4_2007.pdf
Gurmin, J. Haydn. Edith Stein, and Tania Singer. A comparison of Phenomenological and Neurological Approaches to the ‘Problem of Empathy’. Maynooth
Philosophical Papers Issue 4 (2007). An Anthology of Current Research
http://primate.uchicago.edu/dario.htm
http://www.redesparalaciencia.com/1659/redes/2009/redes-46-macacos-y-humanos-el-secreto-del-exito
http://www.redesparalaciencia.com/1637/redes/2009/redes-45-el-experto-y-sabio-inconsciente
http://www.elcervellsocial.net/backend/imagenes_panel/almacen_documentos/textos_profesores.pdf
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurociencia_social
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurona_espejo
http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=11777
http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/69/6/1810
Gustatory neural coding in the amygdala of the alert macaque monkey
T. R. Scott, Z. Karadi, Y. Oomura, H. Nishino, C. R. Plata-Salaman, L. Lenard, B. K. Giza and S. Aou. National Institute
for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Japan.