This document provides an overview of computer networks, including:
- Common network types like LANs, WANs, and the internet.
- Network components such as servers, switches, routers, and firewalls.
- Network cabling options including wired and wireless technologies.
- Communication protocols used for networking like TCP/IP and Ethernet.
- Network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh configurations.
- Wireless networking standards like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.
The document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It begins by outlining the course content, which includes network types, uses of networks, network media, threats, and cloud computing. It then defines what a computer network is and describes common networking devices like switches, routers, and firewalls. The document discusses different network types including LANs, WANs, MANs, and VPNs. It also covers topics like network protocols, wireless networks, and network media such as copper cable, fiber optic cable, and wireless.
The document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including:
- Common network types such as LANs, WANs, and wireless networks.
- Network devices such as switches, routers, and firewalls that connect nodes and control data flow.
- Communication protocols like TCP/IP that define rules for exchanging information over networks.
- Network topologies like bus, star, and mesh that determine the physical layout and connections between nodes.
The document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including:
- Common network types such as LANs, WANs, and wireless networks.
- Network devices such as switches, routers, and firewalls that connect nodes and control data flow.
- Communication protocols like TCP/IP that define rules for exchanging information over networks.
- Network topologies including bus, star, and mesh configurations that determine how nodes are physically connected.
The document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including:
- Common network types such as LANs, WANs, and wireless networks.
- Network devices such as switches, routers, and firewalls that connect nodes and control data flow.
- Communication protocols like TCP/IP that define rules for exchanging information over networks.
- Network topologies like bus, star, and mesh that determine the physical layout and connections between nodes.
cpct NetworkING BASICS AND NETWORK TOOL.pptrcbcrtm
The document discusses computer networking concepts including network types (LAN, WAN, MAN, etc.), components (switches, routers, firewalls, etc.), protocols (TCP/IP, Ethernet, etc.), and uses. It provides details on common network devices, media (wired and wireless), and advantages of networking such as simultaneous access and easier data backup. Network diagrams and definitions of key terms are also included to explain networking fundamentals.
introduction to computer Network-20210426203825 (1).pptgauravgoswami78
The document discusses computer networking concepts including network types (LAN, WAN, MAN, etc.), components (switches, routers, firewalls, etc.), protocols (TCP/IP, Ethernet, etc.), and uses. It provides details on common network devices like switches, routers, and firewalls. It also covers network media like wired (copper cable, fiber optic) and wireless and network protocols like TCP/IP, Ethernet, and wireless LAN standards.
The document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including:
- Common network types such as LANs, WANs, and wireless networks.
- Network devices such as switches, routers, and firewalls that connect nodes and control data flow.
- Communication protocols like TCP/IP that define rules for exchanging information over networks.
- Network topologies including bus, star, and mesh configurations that determine how nodes are physically connected.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It defines what a computer network is and describes common network types like LANs, WANs, and wireless networks. It also discusses network devices like switches, routers, and firewalls. The document outlines different network media like wired and wireless connections. It explains common communication protocols including TCP/IP and Ethernet. Finally, it defines various network types such as personal area networks, local area networks, campus area networks, and storage area networks.
The document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It begins by outlining the course content, which includes network types, uses of networks, network media, threats, and cloud computing. It then defines what a computer network is and describes common networking devices like switches, routers, and firewalls. The document discusses different network types including LANs, WANs, MANs, and VPNs. It also covers topics like network protocols, wireless networks, and network media such as copper cable, fiber optic cable, and wireless.
The document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including:
- Common network types such as LANs, WANs, and wireless networks.
- Network devices such as switches, routers, and firewalls that connect nodes and control data flow.
- Communication protocols like TCP/IP that define rules for exchanging information over networks.
- Network topologies like bus, star, and mesh that determine the physical layout and connections between nodes.
The document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including:
- Common network types such as LANs, WANs, and wireless networks.
- Network devices such as switches, routers, and firewalls that connect nodes and control data flow.
- Communication protocols like TCP/IP that define rules for exchanging information over networks.
- Network topologies including bus, star, and mesh configurations that determine how nodes are physically connected.
The document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including:
- Common network types such as LANs, WANs, and wireless networks.
- Network devices such as switches, routers, and firewalls that connect nodes and control data flow.
- Communication protocols like TCP/IP that define rules for exchanging information over networks.
- Network topologies like bus, star, and mesh that determine the physical layout and connections between nodes.
cpct NetworkING BASICS AND NETWORK TOOL.pptrcbcrtm
The document discusses computer networking concepts including network types (LAN, WAN, MAN, etc.), components (switches, routers, firewalls, etc.), protocols (TCP/IP, Ethernet, etc.), and uses. It provides details on common network devices, media (wired and wireless), and advantages of networking such as simultaneous access and easier data backup. Network diagrams and definitions of key terms are also included to explain networking fundamentals.
introduction to computer Network-20210426203825 (1).pptgauravgoswami78
The document discusses computer networking concepts including network types (LAN, WAN, MAN, etc.), components (switches, routers, firewalls, etc.), protocols (TCP/IP, Ethernet, etc.), and uses. It provides details on common network devices like switches, routers, and firewalls. It also covers network media like wired (copper cable, fiber optic) and wireless and network protocols like TCP/IP, Ethernet, and wireless LAN standards.
The document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including:
- Common network types such as LANs, WANs, and wireless networks.
- Network devices such as switches, routers, and firewalls that connect nodes and control data flow.
- Communication protocols like TCP/IP that define rules for exchanging information over networks.
- Network topologies including bus, star, and mesh configurations that determine how nodes are physically connected.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It defines what a computer network is and describes common network types like LANs, WANs, and wireless networks. It also discusses network devices like switches, routers, and firewalls. The document outlines different network media like wired and wireless connections. It explains common communication protocols including TCP/IP and Ethernet. Finally, it defines various network types such as personal area networks, local area networks, campus area networks, and storage area networks.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It begins by covering basic network types like LANs, WANs, and the Internet. It then discusses common networking components like switches, routers, and firewalls. Various network topologies are described along with physical network media like Ethernet cables and wireless technologies. Communication protocols and standards for networking are also outlined. The document provides a comprehensive introduction to computer networks, networking hardware and software, and fundamental networking concepts.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It discusses the components of a computer network including nodes, communication protocols, networking devices, network media, and common network types. It describes Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), and other network architectures. The document also outlines networking fundamentals such as the TCP/IP protocol suite, Ethernet, wireless networks, and network threats.
Computer Networking – CSE290 is a course that covers basic concepts of networks including LANs, WANs, the internet, and common network devices. It discusses how networks allow sharing of resources and backups. The document defines what a computer network is and its basic components. It provides details on network media like wired and wireless technologies. Common networking devices like switches, routers, and firewalls are explained. Finally, it discusses different types of networks including LANs, WANs, SANs, and others.
This document provides an overview of advanced networking concepts. It begins with learning objectives around data communication, network devices, protocols, topologies and network types. It then defines key networking components like switches, routers, and firewalls. It discusses different network topologies, media like Ethernet and wireless, and various network types including LAN, WAN, SAN and more. The document is intended to help readers understand fundamental networking concepts.
This document provides an overview of essential networking concepts. It begins with an introduction to data communication systems and their basic components. It then covers data representation formats, data flow types, common network models, categories of networks including PAN, LAN, WAN, etc. It also discusses network topologies, common networking devices, transmission media, switching techniques and important networking criteria. The document provides definitions and examples of key concepts like routers, switches, hubs and wireless networking. It concludes with an overview of circuit switching versus packet switching.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It defines a network as any collection of independent computers that communicate over a shared medium. The key types of networks discussed are LANs (local area networks connecting devices within a short distance), MANs (metropolitan area networks spanning a city), and WANs (wide area networks extending long distances using various communication lines). The document also outlines common networking devices, terminologies, and the needs and advantages that networks provide for resource sharing, communication, and accessing remote databases.
The document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains the need for networking. It describes the components of a network including nodes, servers, network interface units. It covers the evolution of networks from ARPANET to the internet. It discusses different types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN and their characteristics. It also covers topics like communication media, switching techniques, wireless networking and networking terms.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It defines what a network is and discusses the need for networking. It describes the key components of a network including nodes, servers, network interface units. It also covers the evolution of networks from ARPANET to the modern Internet. It defines different types of networks including LANs, MANs, and WANs. Finally, it discusses various networking topics such as transmission media, switching techniques, wireless networks and common terminology.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in computer networks and communication. It defines what a network is, discusses the need for networking and sharing of resources, and outlines the evolution of early networks like ARPANET and NSFNET into the modern Internet. It also covers network topologies, transmission media, switching techniques, common network devices, and communication protocols.
The document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including:
- What is computer networking and the benefits of networking such as resource sharing.
- Types of networks including LAN, WLAN, MAN, and WAN.
- Data packets and how data is broken into packets for transmission.
- Network protocols and the OSI reference model which defines 7 layers of network communication.
For N10-005 Exam
Network Plus study guide.
Covers the basic with point form answers and easy to remember.
Those who hold a Network+ certification may improve their chances of landing a job in the networking industry or increasing salary in their existing position. A Network+ also can be used to partially satisfy some prerequisites of more advanced IT certifications. For example, it qualifies as one of part of the elective exam requirement of the Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) certification.
The document provides information about the CCNA certification course. It discusses that CCNA is a popular certification course developed by Cisco that certifies skills in network fundamentals, networking concepts, security, automation and more. It can help candidates get jobs as network administrators, engineers, and other networking roles. The document outlines the topics covered in the CCNA course and lists the most common employers of CCNA certified professionals.
The document provides an overview of information systems and networking concepts. It discusses client/server architecture and how processing is shared between clients and servers. It also describes the network layer model and how data is packaged and routed. Additionally, it covers local area networks, wireless networks, and the Internet as a network of networks that connects computers globally.
This document discusses computer networks and their basic components. It begins by defining a computer network as a group of interconnected computers that allows sharing of resources and information. It then covers communication models including simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex transmission. The document also categorizes networks by scale, structure, topology and media. Finally, it discusses important network concepts such as internetworking, intranets and the development of the Internet.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It begins by discussing how computer networks have changed daily life through services like watching cable TV, using ATMs, emailing, and more. A network is defined as two or more connected autonomous computers. The goals of networking are sharing resources, improved communication, and reduced communication costs. Networks have senders, receivers, messages, transmission mediums, and protocols. Early networks included ARPANET and NSFNET. The internet evolved from these and allows globally connected services. Network topologies like star, bus, and types of devices like hubs, switches, and routers are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of computer networks from the 18th century to present day. It specifically discusses ARPANET, the first wide-area packet switched network developed in the late 1960s that served as a prototype for today's Internet. The document also defines different types of computer networks including PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN, and describes common network hardware devices such as hubs, switches, routers, and gateways.
The document presents a cooperative Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism called Relay-PoW for blockchain in edge computing. Relay-PoW aims to reduce energy consumption, improve resource utilization efficiency, and increase throughput. It allows nodes to mine blocks cooperatively under the management of edge servers. The authors also propose a parallel relay mining method and supervision group mechanism. Additionally, they design a Shapley-based reward allocation strategy to incentivize nodes to participate in Relay-PoW. Experimental results show Relay-PoW decreases energy usage and increases efficiency and throughput compared to other methods, and the incentive strategy motivates cooperative behavior among nodes.
This paper discusses challenges with land administration systems, including issues with data accuracy and inconsistencies between legal records and real-world conditions. It proposes that blockchain technology, specifically distributed ledger technology, could help address problems of data tampering, lengthy transaction times, and potential for double spending. The paper suggests a smart contract system built on Solidity that combines elements of ERC-20 and ERC-721 token standards to handle use cases like property ownership transfers and restrictions while maintaining accurate, secure land ownership records on the blockchain.
This paper discusses challenges with land administration systems, including issues with data accuracy and inconsistencies between legal records and real-world conditions. It proposes that blockchain technology, specifically distributed ledger technology, could help address problems of data tampering, lengthy transaction times, and potential for double spending. The paper outlines a proposed smart contract system using Solidity programming that combines elements of ERC-20 and ERC-721 token standards to handle use cases like property ownership transfers and restrictions for land administration systems.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It begins by covering basic network types like LANs, WANs, and the Internet. It then discusses common networking components like switches, routers, and firewalls. Various network topologies are described along with physical network media like Ethernet cables and wireless technologies. Communication protocols and standards for networking are also outlined. The document provides a comprehensive introduction to computer networks, networking hardware and software, and fundamental networking concepts.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It discusses the components of a computer network including nodes, communication protocols, networking devices, network media, and common network types. It describes Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), and other network architectures. The document also outlines networking fundamentals such as the TCP/IP protocol suite, Ethernet, wireless networks, and network threats.
Computer Networking – CSE290 is a course that covers basic concepts of networks including LANs, WANs, the internet, and common network devices. It discusses how networks allow sharing of resources and backups. The document defines what a computer network is and its basic components. It provides details on network media like wired and wireless technologies. Common networking devices like switches, routers, and firewalls are explained. Finally, it discusses different types of networks including LANs, WANs, SANs, and others.
This document provides an overview of advanced networking concepts. It begins with learning objectives around data communication, network devices, protocols, topologies and network types. It then defines key networking components like switches, routers, and firewalls. It discusses different network topologies, media like Ethernet and wireless, and various network types including LAN, WAN, SAN and more. The document is intended to help readers understand fundamental networking concepts.
This document provides an overview of essential networking concepts. It begins with an introduction to data communication systems and their basic components. It then covers data representation formats, data flow types, common network models, categories of networks including PAN, LAN, WAN, etc. It also discusses network topologies, common networking devices, transmission media, switching techniques and important networking criteria. The document provides definitions and examples of key concepts like routers, switches, hubs and wireless networking. It concludes with an overview of circuit switching versus packet switching.
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It defines a network as any collection of independent computers that communicate over a shared medium. The key types of networks discussed are LANs (local area networks connecting devices within a short distance), MANs (metropolitan area networks spanning a city), and WANs (wide area networks extending long distances using various communication lines). The document also outlines common networking devices, terminologies, and the needs and advantages that networks provide for resource sharing, communication, and accessing remote databases.
The document discusses computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a network is and explains the need for networking. It describes the components of a network including nodes, servers, network interface units. It covers the evolution of networks from ARPANET to the internet. It discusses different types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN and their characteristics. It also covers topics like communication media, switching techniques, wireless networking and networking terms.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It defines what a network is and discusses the need for networking. It describes the key components of a network including nodes, servers, network interface units. It also covers the evolution of networks from ARPANET to the modern Internet. It defines different types of networks including LANs, MANs, and WANs. Finally, it discusses various networking topics such as transmission media, switching techniques, wireless networks and common terminology.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in computer networks and communication. It defines what a network is, discusses the need for networking and sharing of resources, and outlines the evolution of early networks like ARPANET and NSFNET into the modern Internet. It also covers network topologies, transmission media, switching techniques, common network devices, and communication protocols.
The document provides an overview of computer networking concepts including:
- What is computer networking and the benefits of networking such as resource sharing.
- Types of networks including LAN, WLAN, MAN, and WAN.
- Data packets and how data is broken into packets for transmission.
- Network protocols and the OSI reference model which defines 7 layers of network communication.
For N10-005 Exam
Network Plus study guide.
Covers the basic with point form answers and easy to remember.
Those who hold a Network+ certification may improve their chances of landing a job in the networking industry or increasing salary in their existing position. A Network+ also can be used to partially satisfy some prerequisites of more advanced IT certifications. For example, it qualifies as one of part of the elective exam requirement of the Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) certification.
The document provides information about the CCNA certification course. It discusses that CCNA is a popular certification course developed by Cisco that certifies skills in network fundamentals, networking concepts, security, automation and more. It can help candidates get jobs as network administrators, engineers, and other networking roles. The document outlines the topics covered in the CCNA course and lists the most common employers of CCNA certified professionals.
The document provides an overview of information systems and networking concepts. It discusses client/server architecture and how processing is shared between clients and servers. It also describes the network layer model and how data is packaged and routed. Additionally, it covers local area networks, wireless networks, and the Internet as a network of networks that connects computers globally.
This document discusses computer networks and their basic components. It begins by defining a computer network as a group of interconnected computers that allows sharing of resources and information. It then covers communication models including simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex transmission. The document also categorizes networks by scale, structure, topology and media. Finally, it discusses important network concepts such as internetworking, intranets and the development of the Internet.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It begins by discussing how computer networks have changed daily life through services like watching cable TV, using ATMs, emailing, and more. A network is defined as two or more connected autonomous computers. The goals of networking are sharing resources, improved communication, and reduced communication costs. Networks have senders, receivers, messages, transmission mediums, and protocols. Early networks included ARPANET and NSFNET. The internet evolved from these and allows globally connected services. Network topologies like star, bus, and types of devices like hubs, switches, and routers are also summarized.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of computer networks from the 18th century to present day. It specifically discusses ARPANET, the first wide-area packet switched network developed in the late 1960s that served as a prototype for today's Internet. The document also defines different types of computer networks including PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN, and describes common network hardware devices such as hubs, switches, routers, and gateways.
The document presents a cooperative Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism called Relay-PoW for blockchain in edge computing. Relay-PoW aims to reduce energy consumption, improve resource utilization efficiency, and increase throughput. It allows nodes to mine blocks cooperatively under the management of edge servers. The authors also propose a parallel relay mining method and supervision group mechanism. Additionally, they design a Shapley-based reward allocation strategy to incentivize nodes to participate in Relay-PoW. Experimental results show Relay-PoW decreases energy usage and increases efficiency and throughput compared to other methods, and the incentive strategy motivates cooperative behavior among nodes.
This paper discusses challenges with land administration systems, including issues with data accuracy and inconsistencies between legal records and real-world conditions. It proposes that blockchain technology, specifically distributed ledger technology, could help address problems of data tampering, lengthy transaction times, and potential for double spending. The paper suggests a smart contract system built on Solidity that combines elements of ERC-20 and ERC-721 token standards to handle use cases like property ownership transfers and restrictions while maintaining accurate, secure land ownership records on the blockchain.
This paper discusses challenges with land administration systems, including issues with data accuracy and inconsistencies between legal records and real-world conditions. It proposes that blockchain technology, specifically distributed ledger technology, could help address problems of data tampering, lengthy transaction times, and potential for double spending. The paper outlines a proposed smart contract system using Solidity programming that combines elements of ERC-20 and ERC-721 token standards to handle use cases like property ownership transfers and restrictions for land administration systems.
DQDB is a distributed queue dual bus protocol for metropolitan area networks. It uses two unidirectional logical busses and the queued-packet distributed switch algorithm. Stations can transmit data, voice, and video. DQDB operates at the data link layer and provides connection-oriented and connectionless services. It can extend up to 30 miles at speeds between 34-155 Mbps using fiber optic or copper links.
The document discusses different knowledge representation techniques in natural language processing, including:
1. Frames, which represent knowledge as "packets" of information called frames that have slots with values.
2. Scripts, which describe stereotypical sequences of actions.
3. Semantic nets, which represent knowledge as a graph with nodes for objects and arcs for relationships.
4. Knowledge representation schemes like logical, procedural, network, and structured representations.
5. Parsing techniques including recursive transition networks and augmented transition networks.
This Java code defines a LinkedHashSet of Strings, adds elements to it including duplicates, prints the set, removes an element, prints the updated set, and then iterates through the set using an iterator to print each remaining element.
This document provides a condensed crash course on C++, beginning with recommended C++ resources. It discusses why C++ is popular and relevant, how C++ is an increment of C while being more expressive and maintainable. It covers key differences between C and C++, efficiency and maintainability considerations, design goals of C++, compatibility with C, and the purpose of programming languages. It also provides overviews of important C++ concepts like classes, inheritance, templates, and memory management.
1) The document defines and classifies computer networks based on transmission technology, size/scale, and topology. It discusses preliminary network definitions and components.
2) Networks are classified by transmission technology as broadcast, multicast, or point-to-point. They are classified by size as LANs, MANs, and WANs.
3) Topologies include bus, ring, tree, star, and wireless infrastructure networks. Sample application paradigms like client-server and peer-to-peer are also introduced.
New Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.pptxnilesh405711
The document discusses core principles of game design, including that games should be simple, unique, represent real-life environments, involve social factors, and be fun. It outlines the game design process of building a concept, including getting an idea, creating goals and emotional experiences for players. It also discusses differences between games and movies, and creating game specifications by identifying players, genres, environments, and success criteria.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
2. Course Content
Networks: Basic concepts
Uses of networks in sharing of resources, Backups
Common types of networks; LAN/WAN/Internet,
Server based networks, client server model, P2P
Network media
Wireless networks.
Threats to networks
The internet world
Cloud and Cloud Computing
3. The Computer Network
A computer network is a group of computers/devices(Nodes)
that use a set of common communication protocols over digital
interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on
or provided by the network nodes.
The nodes of a computer network may include personal
computers, servers, networking hardware, or other specialised or
general-purpose hosts.
The interconnections between nodes are formed from a broad
spectrum of telecommunication network technologies, based on
physically wired, optical, and wireless technologies.
A communication protocol is a set of rules for exchanging
information over a network. physically wired, optical, and
wireless
4. The Network Diagram
(Click on the Words Below and Learn More About Each Component)
The Internet
Other LANS
Firewall
Router
Fiber Optic Network Cable
Server
PC
Wireless Network
Wired Network
Switch
5. The Advantages/Uses of Network
Simultaneous Access
There are moments in any business when several workers
may need to use the same data at the same time.
Shared Peripheral Devices
Personal Communications
Videoconferencing
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP):-VoIP transmits the sound
of voice over a computer network using the Internet Protocol
(IP ) rather than sending the signal over traditional phone
wires
Easier Data Backup
7. 1. Network Interface Card
NIC is used to physically
connect host devices to the
network media.
A NIC is a printed circuit board
that fits into the expansion slot
of a bus on a computer
motherboard.
It can also be a peripheral
device. NICs are sometimes
called network adapters.
Each NIC is identified by a
unique code called a Media
Access Control (MAC) address.
This address is used to control
data communication for the host
on the network.
8. 2. Repeaters
A repeater is a network device used to
regenerate a signal.
Repeaters regenerate analog or digital
signals that are distorted by transmission
loss due to attenuation.
A repeater does not make an intelligent
decision concerning forwarding packets
9. 3. Hubs
Hubs concentrate on connections.
In other words, they take a group
of hosts and allow the network to
see them as a single unit. This is
done passively, without any other
effect on the data transmission.
Active hubs concentrate hosts and
also regenerate signals.
10. 4. Bridges
Bridges convert network data
formats and perform basic data
transmission management.
Bridges provide connections
between LANs.
They also check data to
determine if it should cross the
bridge. This makes each part of
the network more efficient
11. 5. Switches
Switches add more intelligence to data transfer management.
They can determine if data should remain on a LAN and
transfer data only to the connection that needs it.
Another difference between a bridge and switch is that a
switch does not convert data transmission formats
12. 6. Routers
Routers have all the capabilities listed
above.
Routers can regenerate signals,
concentrate multiple connections,
convert data transmission formats, and
manage data transfers.
They can also connect to a WAN, which
allows them to connect LANs that are
separated by great distances.
13. 7. Gateway
A gateway is a piece of networking
hardware used in
telecommunications for
telecommunications networks that
allows data to flow from one discrete
network to another.
Gateways are distinct from routers
or switches in that they
communicate using more than one
protocol to connect a bunch of
networks
14. 8. Firewall
A firewall is a network device or
software for controlling network
security and access rules.
Firewalls are inserted in connections
between secure internal networks
and potentially insecure external
networks such as the Internet.
Firewalls are typically configured to
reject access requests from
unrecognized sources while allowing
actions from recognized ones.
The vital role firewalls play in network
security grows in parallel with the
constant increase in cyber attacks.
15. Network Media
The function of the media is to carry a flow of information through a LAN.
A. Wired Media:- A widely adopted family that uses copper and fiber media in
local area network (LAN) technology are collectively known as Ethernet
1. Copper Cable
a. Coaxial Cables
b. Shielded Twisted Pair(STP)
c. Unshielded Twisted Pair
2. Fibre Optic Cable
B. Wireless Media:- use the atmosphere, or space, as the medium.
16. 1. Copper Cable
The most common, easiest, quickest,
and cheapest form of network media to
install.
The disadvantage of sending data over
copper wire is that the further the signal
travels, the weaker it becomes.
17. a. Coaxial Cable
It can be run longer distances than Twisted pair Cables.
• Speed: 10-100Mbps
• Cost: Inexpensive
• Media and connector size: Medium
• Maximum cable length: 500m
18. b. Shielded Twisted Pair(STP)
• Speed: 0-100Mbps
• Cost: Moderate
• Media and connector size: Medium to large
• Maximum cable length: 100m
19. c. Unshielded Twisted Pair
UTP is a four-pair wire
medium used in a variety of
networks.
Each of the eight copper
wires in the UTP cable is
covered by insulating material
Speed: 10-100-1000 Mbps*
Cost: Least Expensive
Media and connector size: Small
Maximum cable length: 100m * (Depending
on the quality/category of cable)
20. UTP Implementation
EIA/TIA specifies an RJ-45 connector
for UTP cable.
The letters RJ stand for registered jack.
21. Fiber Optic Cable
Glass fiber carrying light pulses, each
pulse a bit.
Based on the Total Internal Reflection
of Light.
High-speed point-to-point
transmission 10-100’s Gbps
low error rate:
repeaters spaced far apart
immune to electromagnetic
noise
22. Communication Protocols
Internet Protocol Suite
Also called TCP/IP, is the foundation of all modern networking.
It defines the addressing, identification, and routing
specifications for IPv4 and for IPv6.
It is the defining set of protocols for the Internet.
IEEE 802
It is a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area networks
and metropolitan area networks.
They operate mostly at levels 1 and 2 of the OSI model.
Ethernet
It is a family of protocols used in wired LANs, described by a set
of standards together called IEEE 802.3
24. Communication Protocols
Wireless LAN
It is standardized by IEEE 802.11 and shares many properties with wired
Ethernet.
SONET/SDH
Synchronous optical networking (SONET) and Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy (SDH) are standardized multiplexing protocols that transfer
multiple digital bit streams over optical Fibre using lasers.
Asynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM)
It uses asynchronous time-division multiplexing and encodes data into
small, fixed-sized cells.
Good choice for a network that handle both traditional high-throughput
data traffic, and real-time, low-latency content such as voice and video.
25. Types of Networks
1. Personal Area Network (PAN)
2. Local Area Network (LAN)
3. Campus Area Network (CAN)
4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
5. Wide Area Network (WAN)
6. Storage-Area Network (SAN)
7. Virtual Private Network (VPN)
8. Client Server Network
9. Peer to Peer Network (P2P)
26. 1. Personal Area Network
1. Personal Area Network (PAN) is a
computer network used for data
transmission amongst devices
such as computers, telephones,
tablets and personal digital
assistants.
2. Also Known as HAN (Home Area
Network)
3. PANs can be used for
communication amongst the
personal devices themselves
(interpersonal communication), or
for connecting to a higher level
network and the Internet (an
uplink) where one "master" device
takes up the role as internet router.
27. 2. Local Area Network
Xerox Corporation worked in
collaboration with DEC and
Intel to create Ethernet, which
is the most pervasive LAN
architecture used today.
Ethernet has evolved and has
seen significant improvements
in regard to speed and
efficiency.
An upside of a LAN is fast data transfer with data speed that can reach
up to 10Gbps.
Other significant LAN technologies are Fiber Distributed Data Interface
(FDDI) and token ring.
28. 3. Campus Area Network
Larger than LANs, but smaller
than metropolitan area networks
these types of networks are
typically seen in universities,
large K-12 school districts or
small businesses.
They can be spread across
several buildings that are fairly
close to each other so users can
share resources
29. 4. Metropolitan Area Network
1. A MAN is larger than a LAN but smaller than or equal in size to a WAN.
2. The size range anywhere from 5 to 50km in diameter.
3. MANs are typically owned and managed by a single entity.
4. This could be an ISP or telecommunications company that sells its services
to end-users in that metropolitan area.
5. For all intents and purposes, a MAN has the same characteristics as a WAN
with distance constraints.
30. 5. Wide Area Network
• A Wide Area Network exist over a large area
• Data travels through telephone or cable lines
• Usually requires a Modem
• The world’s largest Wide Area Network in the Internet
31. 6. Storage Area Network
SAN may be referred to as a Sub network or special purpose network.
Its special purpose is to allow users on a larger network to connect
various data storage devices with clusters of data servers.
SANs can be accessed in the same fashion as a drive attached to a
server.
32. 7. Virtual Private Network
VPN is a private network that can
access public networks remotely. VPN
uses encryption and security protocols
to retain privacy while it accesses
outside resources.
When employed on a network, VPN
enables an end user to create a virtual
tunnel to a remote location. Typically,
telecommuters use VPN to log in to
their company networks from home.
Authentication is provided to validate the identities of the two peers.
Confidentiality provides encryption of the data to keep it private from
prying eyes.
Integrity is used to ensure that the data sent between the two devices or
sites has not been tampered with.
33. 8. Client/Server Network
In a client/server arrangement,
network services are located on a
dedicated computer called a server.
The server responds to the requests
of clients.
The server is a central computer that
is continuously available to respond
to requests from clients for file, print,
application, and other services.
Most network operating systems adopt the form of a client/server
relationship.
Typically, desktop computers function as clients, and one or more
computers with additional processing power, memory, and specialized
software function as servers.
34. 9. Peer to Peer Network
Usually very small networks
Each workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities
Does not require a switch or a hub.
These types of networks do not perform well under heavy data
loads.
35. Network Topologies
Network topology defines the structure of the network.
A. Physical topology:- It define the actual layout of the wire or media.
1. Bus
2. Ring
3. Star
4. Tree(Hierarchical)
5. Mesh
B. Logical topology:- It defines how the hosts access the media to send data.
1. Broadcast
2. Token passing
C. Hybrid Topology
36. 1. Bus Topology
T
T
All devices are connected to a central
cable, called bus or backbone.
There are terminators at each end of
the bus that stops the signal and
keeps it from traveling backwards.
Disadvantages:
1. It is possible that more than one station may
attempt transmission simultaneously (collision or
contention).
2. Difficult reconfiguration and fault isolation.
3. A fault or break in the bus cable stops all
transmission, even between devices on the same
side of the problem.
4. The damaged area reflects signals in the direction
of origin, creating noise in both directions
Advantages:
1. There is no central controller.
2. Control resides in each station
3. The less interconnecting wire is
required.
4. Ease of installation.
5. Backbone cable can be laid along the
most efficient path, and then
connected to the nodes by drop lines
of various lengths
37. 2. Ring Topology
• All devices are connected to one another in the shape
of a closed loop.
• Each device is connected directly to two other devices,
one on either side of it.
Advantages:
1. Avoids the collisions that are possible in the bus topology.
2. Each pair of stations has a point-to-point connection.
3. A signal is passed along the ring in one direction, from device to
another, until it reaches its destination.
4. Each device incorporates a repeater.
5. Relatively easy to install and reconfigure.
6. Fault isolation is simplified.
Disadvantages:
1. A break in the ring (such as station disabled) can disable the entire
network.
2. Unidirectional traffic.
38. 3. Star Topology
• All devices are connected to a central hub.
• Nodes communicate across the network by passing data
through the hub or switch.
Advantages:
1. Easy to install and reconfigure.
2. Robustness, if one link fails; only that link is affected. All other
links remain active.
3. Easy fault identification and isolation. As long as the hub is
working, it can be used to monitor link problems and bypass
defective links.
Disadvantages:
1. The devices are not linked to each other.
2. If one device wants to send data to another, it sends it to the
controller, which then relays the data to the other connected device.
39. 4. Tree/Hierarchical Topology
Advantages:
1. It allows more devices to be attached to a
single central hub and can therefore increase
the distance a signal can travel between
devices.
2. It allows the network to isolate and prioritize
communications from different computers.
Disadvantages:
1. The devices are not linked to each other.
2. If one device wants to send data to another,
it sends it to the controller, which then relays
the data to the other connected device.
3. The addition of secondary hubs brings two
further advantages.
40. 6. Mesh Topology
Each host has its connections to all other hosts.
Mesh topology is implemented to provide as much
protection as possible from interruption of service.
1. A nuclear power plant might use a mesh
topology in the networked control systems.
2. Although the Internet has multiple paths to any
one location, it does not adopt the full mesh
topology.
Disadvantages:
1. A large amount of cabling required.
2. A large amount of I/O ports required.
3. Installation and reconfiguration are
difficult.
4. The sheer bulk of the wiring can be
greater than the available space (in the
walls, ceiling, or floors) can accommodate.
5. The hardware required to connect each
link (I/O ports and cables) can be
prohibitively expensive.
Advantages:
1. The use of dedicated links guarantees that each
connection can carry its data load, thus eliminating
the traffic problems that can occur when links must
be shared by multiple devices.
2. It is robust, if one link becomes unusable, it does
not incapacitate (affect) the entire system.
3. Privacy and Security (every message sent travels
along a dedicated line; only the intended recipient
sees it).
4. Point-to-point links make fault identification and
fault isolation easy.
41. Wireless Networks
Wireless network is a type of
computer network that uses
wireless data connections for
connecting network nodes.
Example
Bluetooth
Wi-Fi
42. Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a short-range
wireless technology standard
used for exchanging data
between fixed and mobile
devices over short distances.
It is using UHF radio waves in
the ISM bands, from 2.402
GHz to 2.48 GHz.
The IEEE standardized
Bluetooth as IEEE 802.15.1,
but no longer maintains the
standard.
43. Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi Stands for Wireless Fidelity.
Wi-Fi, is a Local Area Wireless
technology.
Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies to
transmit and receive data at high speed.
It is based on the IEEE 802.11 family of
standards.
Access point: The access point is a wireless
LAN transceiver or “ base station” that can
connect one or many wireless devices
simultaneously to the internet
44. The Internet
The simplest
definition
of the
Internet is
that it's a
network of
computer
networks
How Information Travel Through the Internet
A page on the Internet—whether it's full of words, images or
both—doesn't come to you in one shipment. It's translated
into digital information, chopped into 1500 byte pieces called
PACKETS, and sent to you like a puzzle that needs to be
reassembled. Each part of the packet has a specific
function:
Header
Provides the
complete
destination
address for the
packet
Data Block
The portion of the overall information
carried by the packet
Sequence ID
ID’s where the information
belongs in relation to the rest
of the information
End of Message
ID’s the end of the
packet
45. The Internet
How Information Travel Through the Internet
When you connect to a Web site through an ISP and start exchanging information,
there isn't a fixed connection between your computer and the Web server computer
hosting the Web site. Instead, information is exchanged using the best possible path
at that particular time. Special computers called routers determine these paths,
avoiding slow links and favoring fast ones.
Your
Computer ISP Routers
Web
Servers
46. Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is Internet-based
computing, whereby shared resources,
software, and information are provided to
computers and other devices on demand, like
the electricity grid.
A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed
system consisting of a collection of
interconnected and virtualized computers
that are dynamically provisioned and
presented as one or more unified computing
resources based on service-level agreements
established through negotiation between the
service provider and consumers.
48. IaaS
Infrastructure as a Service – IaaS
The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing,
storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources
where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software,
which can include operating systems and applications.
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage,
deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select
networking components .
Examples :
Amazon EC2
Eucalyputs
OpenNebula
… etc
49. PaaS
Platform as a Service – PaaS
The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud
infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created
using programming languages and tools supported by the provider.
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or
storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly
application hosting environment configurations.
Examples :
Microsoft Windows Azure
Google App Engine
Hadoop(High Availability Distributed Object Oriented Platform)
… etc
50. SaaS
Software as a Service – SaaS
The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s
applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are
accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface
such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email).
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud
infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage,
or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception
of limited user-specific application configuration settings.
Examples :
Google Apps (e.g., Gmail, Google Docs, Google sites, …etc)
51. Cloud-Deployment Model
There are four primary cloud deployment models :
1. Public Cloud
2. Private Cloud
3. Community Cloud
4. Hybrid Cloud
Homogeneous
Public Cloud Private Cloud
Infrastructure Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Policy Model Common defined Customized & Tailored
Resource Model Shared & Multi-tenant Dedicated
Cost Model Operational expenditure Capital expenditure
Economy Model Large economy of scale End-to-end control