Social and preventive pharmacy| acute respiratory infection| 8 sem| Dr Rajendra Gode Institute of pharmacy| unit 2.

1. Dr Rajandra gode institute of
pharmacy
Sub: social and preventive pharmacy
Topic: Acute respiratory infection
Guided by prof S. B. GAURKAR Submitted by Aatish Jayale

2. ARI
It is causes inflammation of the respiratory tract anywhere from nose to
alveoli with combination of sign and symptom.
Types of ARI
1. Acute upper respiratory infection(AURI).
2. Acute lower respiratory infection(ALRI).
AURI include common cold, pharyngitis and
Otitis media.
ALRI include epiglottitis, laryngitis, bronchitis,
Brochiolitis and pneumonia.

3. Epidemiological determinants
Agent factor :
The microbial agent that cause ARI are numerous and include bacteria
and viruses.
Bacterial agent :

4. Viral agent:
Host factor:
1. Young infants and malnutrition children
2. Low birth weigth and organ disfuntion
3. Smoking , poor nutrition , alcohol , unhealthy lifestyle .

5. Rick factor:
1. Climatic conditions
2. Housing
3. Level of industrialzation
4. Socia economic development
5. Overcrowded dwelling
6. Poor nutrition
7. Low birth weight
8. Intense indoor smoke pollution

6. Mode of transmission :
1. Air borne route
2. Chian of transmission is maintained by direct person – person contact
Clinical assessment :
1. History to be elicited
2. Age of the child
3. Since how long the child is coughing
4. Young infant stopped felling well (less than 2 months)
5. The child is able to drink
6. Fever
7. Child is excessively drowsy/difficult to wake
8. Irregular breathing
9. convulsion
10. The child turn blue

7. Physical examination
1. Count the breath in one minute
2. Look for chest indrawing : the lower chest wall goes in when the child breathe
in
3. Look and listen for stridor : stridor makes a harsh noise when the child
breathsin it occurs when there is narrowing of larynx , trachea or epiglottis
called croup
4. Look for wheeze : whistling noise when breathes out
5. Check for severe malnutrition

8. Classfiction of illness
A. Child aged 2 months – 5 year
1.Very severe disease
Signs : not able to drink ,convulsion ,abnormally sleepy or difficult to wake
Treatment : refer urgently to hospital, give first dose of antibiotic ,treat fever and wheezing if
present ,malaria is present give antimalarial .
2. Severe pneumonia
Sign : chest indrawing , recurrent wheezing
Treatment : refer urgently to hospital, give first dose of antibiotic ,treat fever and wheezing if
present
3. Pneumonia
Sign : fast breathing and no cheat indrawing
Treatment : advice mother to give home care , give first dose of antibiotic ,treat fever and
wheezing if present
4.No pneumonia (cough and cold )
Sign : no chest indrawing and no fast bresthing
Treatment : home care , keep infant warm , breast feed frequently

9. B. Infants less than 2 mouth
1.Very severe pneumonia
Sign : stop stopped well, convulsion , abnormally sleepy ,stridor ,wheezing ,fever
Treatment : refer urgently to hospital, keep young warm, give first dose of antibiotic
2. Severe pneumonia
Sign : severe chest indrawing or fast breathing (more than 60 per min)
Treatment : refer urgently to hospital, keep young warm, give first dose of antibiotic
3. No pneumonia
Sign: no chest indrawing and no fast bresthing
Treatment : home care , keep infant warm , breast feed frequently

10. Treatment for 2 month to 5 year
1. Severe pneumonia

11. 2. Pneumonia

12. Treatment for infants less than 2 months

13. Prevention of ARI
1. ARI control programme is the part of RCH programme
2. Improved living condition
3. Better nutrition
4. Reduction of smoke pollution indoors
5. Better maternal child health care
6. Immunization
7. Health promotional activities
Immunization
1. Measles vaccine : MMR ( measles,mumps and rubella )
2. HIB vaccine : Haemophilus influenzae type B
3. Pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine

14. THANK YOU !