This document discusses theories of crime causation and criminal subcultures. It defines a theory as an educated guess or hypothesis about how something works, even if not proven. It lists five examples of crimes (theft, burglary, cyberbullying, kidnapping, child abuse) and possible reasons for them beyond just poverty, such as jealousy, carelessness, seeking attention online, wanting money or ransom, and family stress or abuse. Finally, it says we need to study crime causes to understand how crimes happen and how to prevent them. Criminal subcultures are groups that share values and norms that support criminal behavior, but they vary in how much and what types of crimes they support.

1. Pineda,Kobe M.
B.S- Crim. – Bravo
THEORIES ON CRIME CAUSATION
1. Define the wordTheory. –For me the theoryisnot totallytrue or notansweredyet. it’s
basedon the hypothesisof apersonorguess.Theorycan be supportedby evidence thata
person gathered, theyare guessinghow itishappening.
2. Give five examplesof crime andthe possiblereasonswhyitisbeingcommittedaside from
poverty. Theft, burglary, cyberbullying, kidnapping, andchildabuse
- Jealousycanall leadto theft.Stealingcanalsobe causedby social concernssuchas
feelingoverlooked.
- Burglary happens whenyouleftyourhouse orapartmentbecause youare goingon trip
and youforgotto lockeditbecause youare inhurry.On the other hand,some people
postingtheirprivate life,like theirpostingeverywheretheygo.
- If you are intosocial mediaora famoussocial mediainfluenceryouwillbe vulnerableto
cyberbullyingbecausesome people waitingforyoutomake a mistake andtheywill
criticize orbully,youinsocial media.Usually,some peoplecriticize youeven it’sa
slightestmistake.
- Usually,the kidnapperall theyneedismoneyortoobtainransom onthe victim.The
target of kidnapperisthe well-knownindividualorrich.
- Childabusesare commonlyhappenedinahouseholdfamilyornotethical household.
Simplyputa parentingpractice thatmay be harmful tochildren.Alsobecause of the
stressof the parentsor psychological problems.
3. Why dowe needtostudythe causesof crime? – To understandhow crime happenand
howcan we preventittohappen.
Theoriesof Crime Causation
- Crime cautionisa discouragingandmultiplex field.Forcenturies,philosophershave
reviewedthe meaningof the conceptionof cause asitregardshumanbehavior.
Growingly,researchadvisesthatindividualsare unaware of the causesof the other
people’s behaviouraswell asthe causesof much of theirperformance.Moderncrimes
cause modelstofavouran interdisciplinarylensthatrecognizeshow differentfields
complement,ratherthancontractwith,one another.Thisapproachacknowledgesthat
no single theorycanexplainall the typesof criminalitynorthe legal andmoral issues
that convoythem.
The entriesthatfollowhighlightthisdisciplinaryamongtheorieswithinfivedifferentkinds:
1. Biological theories
2. Economictheories
3. Psychological theories
4. Political theories
5. Sociological theories

2. DelinquentandCriminalSubcultures
Subculturesconsistof norms,values,interests—andartifactsassociatedwiththem—thatare
derivative of,butdistinctfrom,alargerreferential culture.The termalsoissometimesusedloosely
to distinguishindividuals,groups,orothercollectivitiesbasedontheirdemographiccharacteristics
(e.g.,age,ethnicity,andregional location) orpatternof behavior(e.g.,occupationorcommitment
to particularactivities—birdwatching,stampcollecting,adelinquentorcriminal behaviorpattern,
etc.).The critical elementindefiningasubculture,however,isthe extenttowhichthe shared
values,norms,andidentitiesassociatedwithamembershipcategoryora behaviorpattern
distinguishesthe categoryorpatternof behaviorfromthe larger,more inclusive,socialandcultural
systemswithwhichitisassociated.
Criminal ordelinquentsubculturesthusconsistof systemsof norms,values,interests,andrelated
artifactsthat supportcriminal ordelinquentbehavior.The extenttowhichdelinquentandcriminal
behavioris"supported"bysubculturesvariesagreatdeal,asdoesthe involvementof the many
behaviorsspecifiedinlawascriminal ordelinquent.Some subculturessupportparticularcriminal
acts or a limitedsetof suchacts(see Inciardi).Some criminalsubculturesare simplyopportunistic,
embracingvirtuallyanycriminal opportunity(e.g.,subculturesof "hustlers";see Anderson,1978;
Valentine).Toa large extentthisisalsothe case withdelinquentsubcultures,where specializationis
rare. Incontrast, "professional criminals"take prideintheircraft,organize themselvesforthe safe
and efficientperformance of the crimesinwhichtheyspecialize,andgenerally avoidothertypesof
criminal involvementthatmightbringthemtothe attentionof authorities(Sutherland).
ClassandCrime
DefinitionOfCrime,MeasuringCrime,DefinitionOfClass, Early Work, ShiftsIn Focus
The longstandingcontroversyoverthe importance of social classinthe productionof criminal conductis
oftenan argumentoverthe meaningof classandthe measurementof crime.Criminal conductisfar
froma unitaryphenomenon.Ingeneral,foracrime to be committed,there mustbe some intentional
conduct thatis prohibitedbyacriminal law.Occasionally,the law mayrequire specificconductsuchas
filingatax return.Under these circumstances,alawmakingbodycancreate a linkbetweenclassand
crime simplybymakingrulesdesignedto control the conductof the richor the poor.If the legislature
createsa lawmakingit a crime to be foundin publicwithoutmoneyorapermanentaddress,theywill
have createda linkbetweenpovertyandcrime.If theymake ita crime to engage in"insidertrading"on
the stock market,theywill have createdacrime thatis almostcertainto involve thosewithaccessto
managementdecisionsthatmightchange stockprices.Thiskindof law wouldcreate a linkbetween
wealthandcrime.