This manual provides guidelines for the Anti-Corruption Tribunal (ACT) on various aspects of handling corruption cases. It addresses [1] the different types and definitions of corruption, [2] the jurisdiction and mandate of the ACT, and [3] frameworks for ensuring a fair trial process that complies with principles of court excellence, judicial ethics, and individual rights. The manual also outlines [4] procedures for case management, prosecution, evidence collection, international cooperation, and sentencing. It aims to support the ACT in effectively investigating and trying corruption offenses domestically and across borders in a lawful, impartial and transparent manner.

1. ACT (Anti-Corruption Tribunal) Manual
I. Introduction to Corruption
A. Categories of corruption
B. Transnational corruption cases
C. Grand corruption
D. Corruption by high officials
E. What is corruption and what is not corruption
F. International Convention
G. Constitutional provisions
H. National legal Instruments
I. Legal basis
II. Jurisdiction or mandate of ACT
A. Nature of cases
B. Geographical jurisdiction
C. Nationalities
D. Domestic corporations
E. International Corporation
F. NGOs and CBOs
G. Inter -governmental organizations
H. Regional organizations
III. Framework for court excellence
A. Equality before the law
B. Fairness
C. Impartiality
D. Independence of decision-making
E. Competence
F. Integrity
G. Transparency
H. Accessibility
I. Timeliness
J. certainty
IV. Judicial ethics and conflict of interest
A. Public complaint mechanism
B. Public information both
V. Individuals and suspect rights before court
A. Rights for information
B. Right of access to files and documents
C. Right of fair opportunities
D. Right to address court
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2. VI. Setting reasonable time to optimum timeframes
A. Setting timeframe for main stages of a procedure
B. Setting timeframe for complexity of cases
C. Setting time for cooperation with stakeholders
D. Enforcing the timeframe
E. International actions if a case passes timeframe
F. Distinction and integration of functions of head of court and court manager
G. Team approach to manage the timeframe
H. External pressure to support timeframe
VII. Procedural case management policies
A. Stakeholders involvement in developing court procedural guidelines
B. strict policy to minimize adjournments
C. arranging early meetings between parties
D. enforcement of timeframe to present evidence
E. standard and written format for orders and judgments
VIII. Agencies role in prosecution
A. Relationship with other agencies
B. Coordination with other agencies and nature of relations
IX. Prosecution principles
A. criminal or administrative prosecutions which may lead to fines, restitution requirement or
other punishments,
B. disciplinary actions, which lead to employment related measures such as dismissal or demotion,
C. bringing or encouraging civil proceedings, in which those directly affected, or in some cases the
State , seek to recover the proceeds of corruption or civil damages
D. Remedial actions such as the retaining of individuals or restructuring of operations in such ways
which reduce or eliminate opportunities of corruption
E. A conduct may not be a crime yet corruption
F. Available evidence may not support prosecution
G. Prosecution may not be in public interest
X. Trialof Anti-Corruption Cases
A. Assignment of cases
B. Assignment of judges
C. Transparency in legal proceedings
D. Fair trialprinciples
E. Suspect cooperation in evidence
F. Plea bargaining
G. Compellability and competence of witnesses
H. Protection of witnesses
I. Use of audio and video technology in court proceedings
J. Use of information and communication technology for the case management and taking of
evidence
K. Securing Evidence
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3. a. Documentary evidence
b. Oral evidence
c. Expert evidence
d. Electronic evidence
e. Emails, telephones records
f. Undercover operations
XI. International and transnational cooperation
A. Managing transnational corruption cases
B. Managing grand corruption cases
C. MLA
D. Extradition
E. Attachment and seizure of proceeds of crimes
F. Sharing of proceeds of crimes
G. Disposal of proceeds of crimes
XII. Interpretation of law and evidence
A. Burden of proof
B. Easing the burden of proof
C. Increasing the significance of circumstantial evidence
D. The possession of Inexplicable wealth
E. Confiscation of property of illegal origin
F. Civil and administrative confiscation
G. Disciplinary actions
H. Shifting of burden of proof
I. Illicit enrichment
XIII. Sentencing guidelines
A. Concepts of justification
B. Proportionality
C. Necessity
D. intrusiveness
XIV. Closing a case
XV. Monitoring and distribution of data
A. Data on court performance available to all court staff
B. Data on court performance available to public scrutiny
C. Information collection about stakeholders’ expectations and opinion
Indexes
A. Excerpts from International Conventions
B. Excerpts from Domestic Laws
Glossary of terms
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