This document contains materials from AFTERSCHO☺OL for participants in the PGPSE (Post Graduate Programme in Social Entrepreneurship) including economics and accounting content, practice questions, and solutions. The materials cover topics like bill discounting, debentures, shares, accounting equations, and more. The document is a collection of practice questions and explanations to help participants learn key concepts in business, economics, and finance.
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Cost accounting: a project on cost analysis & budgetingRifat Hossain Khan
This is a project i worked with 3 other students. This project deals with the analysis of costs of manufacturing, pricing, budgeting. The product that we have chosen was Wooden Hanger.
www.onlineassignment.net is a 24*7 online portal dedicated to fulfilling students' need from across the globe. Be it assignment, project or thesis, we can provide you quality solution within the deadline set by you. All levels and from any course of study, you need not worry anymore.
Homework Help | Assignment Help | Project Help | Online Tutoring | Math Help | Programming Help | Engineering | Computer Science | AutoCad
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Cost accounting: a project on cost analysis & budgetingRifat Hossain Khan
This is a project i worked with 3 other students. This project deals with the analysis of costs of manufacturing, pricing, budgeting. The product that we have chosen was Wooden Hanger.
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Accounting 970602 paper 2 structured questions for examination from 2016 spec...Alpro
Accounting 970602 paper 2 structured questions for examination from 2016 specimen mark scheme
Advanced Level
A Level
Zimsec
Cambridge
Alpro Learning Portal
Accounting
Accounts
Zimbabwe
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CA NOTES ON DEPRECIATION
FREE AFFIDAVITS AND NOTICES FORMATS
FREE AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS FORMATS
FREE LLB LAW NOTES
FREE CA ICWA NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIRST SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SECOND SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW THIRD SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FOURTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIFTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SIXTH SEM NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FOUNDATION NOTES
FREE CA ICWA INTERMEDIATE NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FINAL NOTES
KANOON KE RAKHWALE INDIA
HIRE LAWYER ONLINE
LAW FIRMS IN DELHI
CA FIRM DELHI
VISIT : https://www.kanoonkerakhwale.com/
VISIT : https://hirelawyeronline.com/
Accounting 970602 paper 2 structured questions for examination from 2016 spec...Alpro
Accounting 970602 paper 2 structured questions for examination from 2016 specimen mark scheme
Advanced Level
A Level
Zimsec
Cambridge
Alpro Learning Portal
Accounting
Accounts
Zimbabwe
Principle of accounts
Hill & Knowltonin ja Interquestin yhdessä toteuttaman, järjestyksessään toisen vuosittaisen yritysten digitaalisen viestinnän tilaa kartoittaneen tutkimuksen tulokset.
HRM300 Fundamentals of Human Resource ManagementJob Descripti.docxadampcarr67227
HRM/300 Fundamentals of Human Resource Management
Job Description and Recruiting Strategies Worksheet
Conduct an interview with someone who has a career or job position that is different from your own. Identify the duties associated with his or her position, as well as any skills and abilities necessary for the position. Use the information gathered in the interview to complete the following worksheet. Answer each question in paragraph format.
JOB ANALYSIS
1. What are the duties and job responsibilities associated with the position held by the individual you interviewed?
2. What are the types of knowledge, skills, and abilities that are needed to successfully accomplish the job responsibilities?
3. Does the position require any physical tasks? If so, describe the physical tasks and state their frequency. Is there any additional information about the job that would be beneficial to include in the job description?
JOB Description
Compose a 350- to 500-word job description based on the data acquired in your interview.
Recruiting Strategies
1. What are three recruiting strategies that could be used to recruit for this job position?
2. In 350- to 500-words, compare and contrast the recruiting strategies you have chosen. Which recruiting strategy would you use to recruit for this position? Why?
1
ACC122 Final Exam - Problems (10 points each)
Student name ______________________________________ Date ______________
1. Cellular
Solution
s Inc. had a very successful year in 2013. Based on a $125 average unit selling price, monthly sales during 2013 were as follows:
January
$ 75,000
February
60,000
March
100,000
April
150,000
May
60,000
June
50,000
July
40,000
August
85,000
September
65,000
October
95,000
November
35,000
December
50,000
Total
$865,000
Mr. James, vice president of sales, is preparing the sales budget for 2014. Increased manufacturing costs will make it necessary to increase the selling price by 12 percent. Even with this price increase, the unit volume of sales is expected to increase by 25 percent. The seasonal sales pattern shown for 2013 is expected to continue in 2014.
a. Prepare the monthly sales unit and dollar budgets for the first quarter of 2014.
b. Mr. Serene is considering the possibility of raising the average selling price by 20 percent in 2014. If this action is taken, he projects that the sales volume for the year will increase by only 10 percent. What would forecasted sales in units and dollars be in 2014 if his projection is correct?
2. A company expects to begin the coming year with 6,000 ceramic pots in finished goods inventory. It expects to sell 85,000 ceramic pots and end the year with 8,000 pots in the finished goods inventory. Four pounds of clay go into each ceramic pot. The company expects to have 4,000 pounds of clay on hand at the beginning of the coming year and wishes to end the year with 6,000 pounds in inventory.
a. Prepare a production budget showing.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Exploring Abhay Bhutada’s Views After Poonawalla Fincorp’s Collaboration With...beulahfernandes8
The financial landscape in India has witnessed a significant development with the recent collaboration between Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank.
The launch of the co-branded credit card, the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card, marks a major milestone for both entities.
This strategic move aims to redefine and elevate the banking experience for customers.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
1. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
ECONOMICS FOR
BUSINESS
AFTERSCHO☺OL
– DEVELOPING CHANGE MAKERS
CENTRE FOR SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
PGPSE PROGRAMME –
World’ Most Comprehensive programme in social
entrepreneurship & spiritual entrepreneurship
OPEN FOR ALL FREE FOR ALL
2. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
ACCOUNTING ECONOMICS
FOR BUSINESS
Dr. T.K. Jain.
AFTERSCHO☺OL
Centre for social entrepreneurship
Bikaner M: 9414430763
tkjainbkn@yahoo.co.in
www.afterschool.tk, www.afterschoool.tk
3. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
SOLVE IT
• A draws a bill on B for Rs 30,000 for mutual
accommodation. A discounted that bill
• For Rs.28,000 from bank and remitted
Rs.14,000 to B. On due date A will send to B
• (a) Rs. 14,000
• (b) Rs,14,500
• (C) Rs.15,000
• (d) Rs.15,500
4. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Solution
• The bill gave them 28000 out of which
both of them will share equally. Both of
them had to get 14000 each – and they
have got it. The discount was Rs. 2000
and both have shared it equally. Thus on
due date the payment of Rs. 30000 will be
made by B. He already has 14000 and he
will further get 15000 from A and he will
add 1000 from his share. Answer.
5. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Solve it
• Sure Ltd. issued 5,000, 15% Debentures of
Rs.100 each at a premium of Rs 10 These
debentures were to be redeemed at a
premium of Rs.4 each after 5 years amount
to be credited to the debenture premium
account will be
• (a) Rs.25,000
• (b) Rs.50,000
• (C) Rs:40,000
• (d) Rs.60,000
• Solution : 5000 * 10 = 50000
6. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Solve it
• Mr. Big who was the holder of 200 equity shares of
Rs.100 each on which Rs.75 per share has been called
up could not pay his dues on allotment and first call each
at Rs.25 per share. The Directors forfeited the above
shares and reissued 150 of such shares to Mr. Small at
Rs.65 per share paid-up as Rs.75 per share. The
amount to be transferred to Capital Reserve account will
be
• (a) Rs.1,500.
• (b) Rs. 2,250.
• (c) Rs. 5,000.
• (d) Nil.
8. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
The Board of Directors of a
company decides to issue minimum
number of equity
shares of Rs. 10 each at 10%
discount to redeem Rs.5,00,000
preference shares.Maximum
amount of divisible profit available
for redemption is Rs. 3 lakhs. The
number of shares to be issued by
the company will be ?
9. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Solution
• 5 – 3 = 2 lakhs to be collected
• Total shares to be issued :
• 2 lakhs / (Rs. 10 – 1)
• =22222 shares to be issued at a discount
of 10%.
• Answer.
10. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What is an indifference curve?
• Suppose I can buy two goods from some
money and get equal satisfaction – there
is a point where I am indifferent between
them – (purchasing any of these will give
equal satisfaction) - A curve with
collection of locus of all such points is
called indifference curve. This curve can
be plotted in production function also
(various combination of capital and labour
that give you equal production).
12. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
P of Faridabad sent out goods
costing Rs. 45000 to Goti of
Bikaner at cost + 33%,1/10th
of
goods were lost In transit. 2/3rd
of
the goods received are sold at
20% above price. The amount of
sale value wilt be;
• Cost of goods sold = 45000*9/10*2/3
• =27000. Print price = 27000+1/3 = 36000
• 20% above print = 36000*1.2=43200(ans).
13. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Debit balance as per Cash Book of ABC
Enterprises as on 31.3.2006 is Rs. 1,500.
Cheques deposited but not cleared amounts to
Rs.100 and Cheqes issued but not presented
of Rs.50. The bank gave interest amounting
Rs.50 and collected dividend Rs. 50 on behalf
of ABC Enterprises. Balance as per pass book
should be
15. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Solve it
• A, B and C were partners in firm sharing
profits and losses in th ratio of 2:2:1
respectively with the capital balance of Rs.
50,000 for A and B, for C Rs. 25,000; C
declared to retire from the firm and
balance in reserve on the date was Rs.
15,000. If goodwill of the firm was valued
as Rs. 30,000 and profit on revaluation
was Rs. 7,050 then what amount Will be
transferred to the loan account of C?
16. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Share of C
• Capital 25000
• Goodwill 30000*1/5 = 6000
• Reserve = 15000*1/5 = 3000
• Revaluation profit = 7050*1/5 = 1410
• Add these = 35410 will be transferred to
C’s loan account.
17. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
In the previous question question,
what will A get if he retires?
• Capital = 50000
• Goodwill 30000*2/5 = 12000
• Reserve = 15000*2/5 = 6000
• Revaluation profit = 7050*2/5 = 2820
• Add these = 70820 will be transferred to
A’s loan account.
18. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
The total cost of goods available for
sale with a company during the
current year is Rs.12,00,000 and
the totai sales during the period are
Rs.13,00,000. if the gross profit
margin of the company is 33 % on
cost, the closing inventory during
the current year
19. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Solution
• Total sales = 13 lakhs
• Cost of this sale = 13 lakh * 100/133
• =975000
• Thus closing stock is 1200000-975000
• =225000 answer.
20. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Consider the following data pertaining to Goti
Ltd. for the month of March 2005:
ParticularsAs on March 01, 2005 (Rs.) As
Stock 1,80,000 & on March 31, 2005 (Rs.)
90,000
The company made purchases amounting Rs.
3,30,000 on credit. During the month of March
2005, the company paid a sum of Rs.3,50,000
to the suppliers. The goods are sold at 25%
above the cost. The sales for the month of
March 2005 were
21. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Solution – stock account
• Opening stock
180000
• Purchase 330000
• Closing stock 90000
• Goods used in
manufacture =
• 420000
23. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Bhuwanesh Audi Ltd. dealer in second-hand
cars has the following five vehicles of different
models [ in their stock at the end of the financial
year 2004-2005: what is stock?
• Cost :
• Fiat 90,000
• Ambassador1,15,000
• Maruti
Esteem2,75,000
• Maruti 800
1,00,000
• Zen 2,10,000
• The net realisable
value were :
• Fiat 95,000
• Ambassador 1,55,000
• Maruti
Esteem2,65,000
• Maruti 800
1,25,000
• Zen 2,00,000
24. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Solution
• We shall take lower of cost & realisable
value to compute the cost:
• Fiat 90,000
• Ambassador1,15,000
• Maruti Esteem2,65,000
• Maruti 800 =1,00,000
• Zen 2,00,000
• Total stock = 770000 answer.
25. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Solve it
• On May 01,2003. Goti Ltd. Issued 7% 40
lakh convertible debentures of Its. 100
each at a premium of 20’ Interest is
payable on September30 and March 31.
esers sear. The interest runs from the
date of issue, the amt. of interest
expenditure debited to profit and loss
Account for the year ended 2004 will be:
27. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Study the production possibility curve below. X axis
is for consumer goods, capital goods is denoted by
Y axis.
38. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Solution
• Budget line is YL.
• The point L will not shift much. But the
point Y will shift toward below and the
budget line will shift below.
39. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What is FII?
• Foreign institutional investors
• They invest money in the secondary
market – in stock markets etc.
40. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What is private placement?
• When a company directly sells its equity to
an investor, it is called private placement.
41. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What is book building?
• The process by which shares of a
company are given support by another
company is called book building. The
company which undertakes book building,
tries to ensure that the shares don’t fall
below certain level.
45. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What is labour mobility?
• Labour is one of the factors of production
(the other factor is capital). When the
labour is able to move from one place to
another, it is called labour mobility.
48. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What is basis point?
• In international markets, when firms go to
raise funds, they get loan at LIBOR +
basis point. For example, if interest rate is
LIBOR + 300 basis point, and LIBOR is 5,
then the rate of interest is 5.3%.
• These basis points show change from
LIBOR (London Inter Bank Offered Rate).
50. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
Solution
• As you can see there are three stanges:
• 1. increasing returns
• 2. constant returns
• 3. decreasing returns
• The law of increasing returns ends at point
N. answer.
51. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
what is GDP, and how is it
measured?
• GDP= Gross Domestic Product.
• There are 3 ways to measure it:
3. Calculate total earnings of every one and
sum it up.
4. Calculate expenses of each individual in
the nation and sum it up.
5. Identify total production of goods and
services in the nation by each unit and
sum it up.
52. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What is utility and what is its
impact?
• Utility is the benefit that a consumer derives
from consuming some product or service.
• Utility reduces with each unit of consumption
• There are 2 concepts regarding utility :
• 1. Cardinal utility – the utility can be
measured
• 2. ordinal utility – utility cannot be measured.
53. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What do you understand from
diminishing marginal utility?
• Utility reduces with each additional unit
consumed. Thus diminishing marginal
utility means the utility will reduce with
each unity being consumed.
• Marginal utility means the utility derived
from one additional unit consumed.
54. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What is the relation between
demand & supply regarding factors
of production
Real wage,
W/P
Income,output, Y
Pricelevel,P
Income,output, Y
Labor,L Labor,L
W/P1
W/P2
L5 Ld
(W/P )
L2
L1
Y2
Y1
Y 5 F(L)
L2
L1
P2
P1
Y5 Y1 a (P 2 Pe
)
Y2
Y1
1. An increase
in the price
level. .
3. . ..which raises
employment,. .
4. . .. output,. .
5. . .. and income.
2. .. . reduces
the real wag e
for a g iven
nominal wag e,. .
6. The ag g reg ate
supply curve
summarizes
these chang es.
( )a Labor Demand ( )b Production Function
( )c Aggregate Supply
55. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What are the factors of production?
• There are many, some of them are :
2. Labour
3. Capital
4. Technology
5. Entrepreneurship
We generally take only 2 factors while doing
analysis : these are 1. capital 2. labour
56. www.afterschoool.tk AFTERSCHO☺OL's MATERIAL FOR PGPSE PARTICIPANTS
What is short run and what is long
run?
• Short run is the period in which we cannot
increase the capacity of the plant. Long run
is the period in which we can increase or
decrease the capacity of the plant and also
install or close a plant.
• In short run only one factor can be changed –
labour – other factors are constant
• In long run both labour and capital can be
changed. Plant capacity be altered.
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What is bank rate ?
• The rate at which the central bank ( RBI in
the case of India or FED bank in the case
of the USA) gives loan to other bank is
called bank rate.
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What is PLR?
• Prime lending rate – it is the rate at which
a bank gives loan to prime customer.
Prime customer means the customer,
whose economic conditions are very good
and who is credit worthy.
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What is CRR & SLR?
• CRR = cash reserve ratio (it denotes the
ratio of cash held by banks against the
deposits)
• SLR = statutary liquidity ratio (it denotes
the ratio of investments in government and
approved securities by the banks).
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Suppose the total deposits are 1
lakh crores in India – RBI reduces
CRR by 1%, what will happen?
• 1% of 1 lakh crore = 1000 lakh crores.
Thus liquidity in the market will increase
by 1000 lakh crore Rupees – as bank will
be able to give more loans and will be able
to give money easily. Due to ease in
liquidity, the industry will benefit as it will
be able to get more funds easily.
However, inflation may increase due to
this.
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What is sensex?
• It is index of stock prices based 30
selected scrips. These 30 scrips are those
which are selected on the basis of market
capitalisation & business volumet.
• It is presented by BSE (Bombay stock
exchange).
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What is NIFTY?
• It is index of stock prices based 50
selected scrips. These 50 scrips are those
which are selected on the basis of market
capitalisation & business volumet.
• It is presented by NSE (National stock
exchange).
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What is NPA?
• Non performing assets –in banks, the
major assets are loans given to
companies / units / people. Some times
some loans become overdue - those
loans (assets) which are not performing –
means not making regular payments of
their outstanding amounts are called NPA.
• NPA word is used for banking industry.
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What is CAC?
• Capital Account Convertibility.
• When foreign exchange is converted into
capital account freely even in capital
account, it is called capital account
convertibility.
• Capital account here mean money raised
for capital projects / investment purpose
etc.
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What is LC?
• Letter of credit, = when a bank gives loan
against export documentation, it is called
LC. For example, if you export some
goods, the buyer send you acceptance of
the bill and the bank of the buyer gives
guarantee, then your bank can give you
loan agains these documents. This is
called LC.
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What is packing credit?
• When you have received an order from an
importer for some goods and you want to
make goods as per the order, then you
may take packing credit from the banks. In
packing credit the bank gives you loan for
purchasing raw material, and other
working capital expenses. It is given for
period till exports are sent – later LC is
given.
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What is forex reserves?
• Foreign exchange reserves of a country is
called forex reserve.
• It will increase in following cases : If FDI
will increase, FII will invest more money
and exports will increase, increase of
tourists to your country, repatriation of
money by NRIs (non residents Indians),
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What is ALM?
• Asset liability management – banks try to
match the cash flows of cash inflow and
cash outflow through ALM. They try to
match their assets and liabilities.
• Banks’s assets are its loans
• Bank’s liabilities are its deposits
• Matching them is called ALM.
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What is hedging?
• When banks use various instruments like
swaps, options etc. to reduce their risk
exposure it is called hedging.
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What is market capitalisation?
• No. of shares multiplied to the market
price per share.
• For example, the share of reliance is
quoted at Rs. 1250. suppose there are
100 shares in the market. The market
capitalisation is 125000.
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What do you understand from
reverse mortgage?
• In mortgage, a person goes to bank and puts his
land / building as mortgage to obtain loans
(humge amount simultaneously) from bank and
then he used to repay it in long time. In reverse
mortgage, the bank gives land / building to the
other person and gives money also on monthly
basis and takes back the land / building after
long time. (many old age persons are resorting
to this option for maintaining their living)
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What is microfinance?
• Raising small deposits (let us say Rs. 10
per month) – pooling this money together
and Giving loan in very small amount (let
us say Rs. 2000) so that a person may
start a micro-enterprise – and can become
self dependent. It is very successful
business model –as has been proved by
Gramin Bank and SEWA.
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ABOUT AFTERSCHO☺OL
Afterschoool conducts three year integrated PGPSE
(after class 12th
along with IAS / CA / CS) and 18
month PGPSE (Post Graduate Programme in Social
Entrepreneurship) along with preparation for CS / CFP /
CFA /CMA / FRM. This course is also available online
also. It also conducts workshops on social
entrepreneurship in schools and colleges all over India –
start social entrepreneurship club in your institution
today with the help from afterschoool and help us in
developing society.
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Why such a programme?
• To promote people to take up entrepreneurship
and help develop the society
• To enable people to take up franchising and
other such options to start a business / social
development project
• To enable people to take up social development
as their mission
• To enable people to promote spirituality and
positive thinking in the world
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Who are our supporters?
• Afterschoolians, our past beneficiaries,
entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurs
are supporting us.
• You can also support us – not necessarily
by money – but by being promotor of our
concept and our ideas.
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About AFTERSCHO☺OL PGPSE – the
best programme for developing great
entrepreneurs
• Most flexible, adaptive but rigorous programme
• Available in distance learning mode
• Case study focused- latest cases
• Industry oriented practical curriculum
• Designed to make you entrepreneurs – not just
an employee
• Option to take up part time job – so earn while
you learn
• The only absolutely free course on internet
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Workshops from
AFTERSCHO☺OL
• IIF, Delhi
• CIPS, Jaipur
• ICSI Hyderabad Branch
• Gyan Vihar, Jaipur
• Apex Institute of Management, Jaipur
• Aravali Institute of Management, Jodhpur
• Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneshwar
• Pacific Institute, Udaipur
• Engineering College, Hyderabad
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Flexible Specialisations:
• Spiritualising business and society
• Rural development and transformation
• HRD and Education, Social Development
• NGO and voluntary work
• Investment analysis,microfinance and inclusion
• Retail sector, BPO, KPO
• Accounting & Information system (with CA / CS /CMA)
• Hospital management and Health care
• Hospitality sector and culture and heritage
• Other sectors of high growth, high technology and social
relevance
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Salient features:
• The only programme of its kind (in the whole world)
• No publicity and low profile course
• For those who want to achieve success in life – not just a
degree
• Flexible – you may stay for a month and continue the rest of
the education by distance mode. / you may attend weekend
classes
• Scholarships for those from poor economic background
• Latest and constantly changing curriculum – keeping pace
with the time
• Placement for those who are interested
• Admissions open throughout the year
• Latest and most advanced technologies, books and study
material
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Components
• Pedagogy curriculum and approach based on IIM Ahmedabad and ISB
Hyderabad (the founder is alumnus from IIMA & ISB Hyderabad)
• Meditation, spiritualisation, and self development
• EsGotitial softwares for business
• Business plan, Research projects
• Participation in conferences / seminars
• Workshops on leadership, team building etc.
• Written submissions of research projects/articles / papers
• Interview of entrepreneurs, writing biographies of entrepreneurs
• Editing of journals / newsletters
• Consultancy / research projects
• Assignments, communication skill workshops
• Participation in conferences and seminars
• Group discussions, mock interviews, self development diaryng
• Mind Power Training & writing workshop (by Dr. T.K.Jain)
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Pedagogy
• Case analysis,
• Articles from Harvard Business Review
• Quiz, seminars, workshops, games,
• Visits to entrepreneurs and industrial visits
• PreGotitations, Latest audio-visuals
• Group discussions and group projects
• Periodic self assessment
• Mentoring and counselling
• Study exchange programme (with institutions out of
India)
• Rural development / Social welfare projects
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Branches
• AFTERSCHO☺OL will shortly open its
branches in important cities in India
including Delhi, Kota, Mumbai, Gurgaon
and other important cities.
Afterschooolians will be responsible for
managing and developing these branches
– and for promoting social entrepreneurs.
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Case Studies
• We want to write case studies on social
entrepreneurs, first generation
entrepreneurs, ethical entrepreneurs.
Please help us in this process. Help us to
be in touch with entrepreneurs, so that we
may develop entrepreneurs.
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Basic values at AFTERSCHO☺OL
• Share to learn more
• Interact to develop yourself
• Fear is your worst enemy
• Make mistakes to learn
• Study & discuss in a group
• Criticism is the healthy route to mutual support
and help
• Ask fundamental questions : why, when, how &
where?
• Embrace change – and compete with yourself
only