The document provides an overview of accounting concepts including: - Accounting involves identifying, recording, and communicating economic events through activities like recording transactions, classifying data, and preparing reports. - Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are the standard framework and guidelines followed for financial accounting. - The Sarbanes-Oxley Act established requirements for public company management and accounting to ensure accurate financial reporting. - The basic accounting equation shows that assets must equal liabilities plus owner's equity.

1. WELCOME
Presentation
On
ACTION IN ACCOUNT

3. Group Name
I M A R S

4. ➰Accounting➰
💧The process of recording of business transection is called accounting .
Or,
💧The action or process of keeping financial accounts is called accounting .
And also,
💧Accounting is one kind of information system that identifies records and communicates the
economic events of an organization to interested user .

5. ➰Accounting Activities➰
There are Three Activities :
↪ Identification – Select economic events [Transaction] .
↪ Recording – Record, Classify and Summarize .
↪ Communication – Prepare accounting reports .
Accounting involves, the entire process of identifying, recording and communicating economic
events .

6. ➰GAAP➰
( Generally Accepted Accounting Principal)
The common set of accounting principles, standards and procedures .
Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are the standard framework of guidelines for
financial accounting used in any given jurisdiction; generally known as accounting standards or
standard accounting practice. These include the standards, conventions, and rules that accountants
follow in recording, summarizing and in the preparation of financial statements.

7. ➰SOX System
Sarbanes – Oxley Act➰
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has dramatically affected overall awareness and management of internal
controls in public corporations. Responsibility for accurate financial reporting has landed squarely on the
shoulders of senior management, including the potential for personal criminal liability for CEOs and
CFOs. Since modern accounting systems are computer based, accurate financial reporting depends on
reliable, and secure, computing environment .

8. ➰Accounting Equation➰
An accounting equation is a mathematical expression which shows that the asset and liabilities of a firm are equal .
= +
Assets Liabilities
Owner’s
Equity
Basic Equation Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
Expanded Equation Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Capital – Owner’s Drawing + Revenues - Expenses

9. 9
➰Assets➰

10. ➰Liabilities➰
10

11. 11
➰Equity➰

12. ➰Illustrations➰
Transaction 1:
Investment by owner 15,000/- .
The asset cash increases 15,000/- and owner’s equity (Identified as Owner’s Capital) increases 15,000/- .
Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
Cash = Owner’s, Capital
+15,000/- = 15,000/-
An equal increase in assets and owner’s equity

13. Transaction 2:
Services performed for cash 1,200/- .
The asset Cash increases 1,200/- and owner’s equity increases 1,200/- due to Service Revenue .
Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
Cash + Supplies + Equipment =
=
Accounts
Payable
+ Owner’s Capital + Revenue
8,000/- 1,600/- 7,000/- 1,600/- 15,000/-
+1,200 +1,600/-
9,200/- + 1,600/- + 7,000/- 1,600/- + 15,000/- + 1,200/-
17,800/- 17,800/-
Revenue increases owner’s equity

14. Transaction 3:
Purchase of advertising on credit 250/- .
The liability Accounts Payable increases 250/- and Owner’s equity decreases 250/- due to Advertising Expenses .
Assets = Liability + Owner’s Equity
Cash + Supplies + Equipment =
=
Accounts
Payable
+ Owner’s
Capital
+ Revenues - Expenses
9,200/- 1,600/- 7,000/- 1,600/- 15,000/- 1,200/-
+250 -250/-
9,200/- + 1,600/- + 7,000/- 1,850/- + 15,000/- + 1,200/- - 250/-
17,800/- 17,800/-
An increase in liabilities and a decrease in owner’s equity .

15. Transaction 4:
Services Performed for cash and credit 2,000/- .
Three specific items are affected . The asset cash increases 1,500/-. the asset Accounts Receivable increases 2000/- and owner’s
equity increases 3,500/- due to Service Revenue .
Assets = Liability + Owner’s Equity
Cash + Accounts
Receivable
+ Supplies + Equipment =
=
Accounts Payable + Owner’s
Capital
+ Revenues - Expenses
9,200/- 1,600/- 7,000/- 1,850/- 15,000/- 1,200/- 250/-
+1,500 +2,000/- +3,500
10,700/- + 2,000/- + 1,600/- + 7,000/- 1,850/- + 15,000/- + 4,700/- - 250/-
21,300/- 21,300/-
An equal decrease in assets and owner’s equity .

16. Transaction 5:
Payment on accounts payable 250/- .
This cash Payment “ on account “ decreases the asset Cash by 250/- and also decreases the liability Accounts Payable by 250/- .
Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
Cash + Accounts
Receivable
+ Supplies + Equipment =
=
Accounts
Payable
+ Owner’s
Capital
+ Revenues - Expenses
9,000/- 2,000/- 1,600/- 7,000/- 1,850/- 15,000/- 4,700/- 1,950/-
-250 -250
8,750/- + 2,000/- + 1,600/- + 7,000/- 1,600/- + 15,000/- + 4,700/- - 1,950/-
19,350 /- 19,350/-
An increases in Accounts Payable and a decrease in owner’s equity .

17. Transaction 6:
Receipt of cash on account 600/- .
The asset Cash increases 600/- and the asset Accounts Receivable decreases & 600/- .
Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
Cash + Accounts
Receivable
+ Supplies + Equipment =
=
Accounts
Payable
+ Owner’s
Capital
+ Revenues - Expenses
8,750/- 2,000/- 1,600/- 7,000/- 1,850/- 15,000/- 4,700/- 1,950/-
+600 -600 -250
9,350/- + 1,400/- + 1,600/- + 7,000/- 1,600/- + 15,000/- + 4,700/- - 1,950/-
19,350/- 19,350/-
Changes the composition of assets .

18. Transaction 7:
Withdrawal of cash by owner 1,300/- .
The asset Cash decreases 1,300/- and owner’s equity decreases 1,300/- due to owner’s withdrawal (Owner’s Drawings) .
Assets = Liability + Owner’s Equity
Cash + Accounts
Receivable
+ Supplies + Equipment =
=
Accounts
Payable
+ Owner’s
Capital
- Owner’s
Drawings
+ Revenues - Expenses
9,350/- 1,400/- 1,600/- 7,000/- 1,600/- 15,000/- 4,700/- 1,950/-
-1,300 -1,3000
8,050/- + 1,400/- + 1,600/- + 7,000/- 1,600/- + 15,000/- - 1,300/- + 4,700/- - 1,950/-
18,050/- 18,050/-
An equal decrease in assets and owner’s equity .

19. ➰Financial Statements➰
Companies prepare four financial statements from the summarized accounting data :
⤵ ⤵ ⤵ ⤵Income
Statement
Owner’s Equity
Statement
Balance Sheet Cash Flows

20. Income Statement
Dane’s Shop
Income Statement
For the month ended June 30 2014
Revenues : 5,850/-
Service Revenue Expense :
Salary Expense 2,000
Rent Expenses 400
Advertising Expenses 250
Total Expenses 2,650
Net Income 3,200/-
Reports the revenues and expenses for a specific
period of time .
Net income revenues exceed expenses .
Net Loss – expenses exceed revenues .

21. Income Statement
Dane’s Shop
Income Statement
For the month ended June 30, 2014
Revenues : 5,850/-
Service Revenue Expense :
Salary Expense 2,000
Rent Expenses 400
Advertising Expenses 250
Total Expenses 2,650
Net Income 3,200/-
Dane’s Shop
Owner’s Equity Statement
For the month ends June 30, 2014
Dane’s , Capital June,
Add Investment 10,000
Net Income 3,200
13,200
Less Drawings 1,000
12,200/-
Net income is need to determine the ending
balance in owner’s equity .

22. Statement indicates the reason why
owner’s equity has increased or decreased
during the period of time .
Dane’s Shop
Owner’s Equity Statement
For the month ends June 30, 2014
Dane’s , Capital June,
Add Investment 10,000
Net Income 3,200
13,200
Less Drawings 1,000
12,200/-

23. Balance Sheet
Dane’s Shop
Income Statement
For the month ended June 30, 2014
Assets
Cash 6,820/-
Accounts receivable 630
Equipment 5,000
12,450/-
Liabilities
Accounts Payable 250/-
Owner’s Equity
Dane’s Capital 12,200
12,450
Dane’s Shop
Owner’s Equity Statement
For the month ends June 30, 2014
Dane’s , Capital June,
Add Investment 10,000
Net Income 3,200
13,200
Less Drawings 1,000
12,200/-
The ending balance in owner’s equity is needed
in preparing the balance sheet.

24. Balance Sheet
Dane’s Shop
Income Statement
For the month ended June 30, 2014
Assets
Cash 6,820/-
Accounts receivable 630
Equipment 5,000
12,450/-
Liabilities
Accounts Payable 250/-
Owner’s Equity
Dane’s Capital 12,200
12,450
Reports the assets, liabilities and owner’s equity
at a specific date .
Assets listed at the top, followed by liabilities
and owner’s equity .
Total assets must be equal to liabilities and
owner’s equity .

25. Balance Sheet
Assets
Cash 6,820/-
Dane’s Shop Statement of Cash Flows for the
Month Ended June 30, 2014
Cash flow from operating activities
Cash receipts from revenues 5,220/-
Cash paid for expenses (2,400)
Cash provided by operations 2,820
Cash flow from investing activities
Purchase of equipment (5,000)
Cash flow from financing activities
Investment by owners 10,000
Drawings by owners (1,000)
Cash provided by financing 9,000
Net increase in Cash 6,820
Cash balance, June 1 _
Cash balance June 30 6,820/-

26. Information for a specific
period of time .
Dane’s Shop Statement of Cash Flows for the
Month Ended June 30, 2014
Cash flow from operating activities
Cash receipts from revenues 5,220/-
Cash paid for expenses (2,400)
Cash provided by operations 2,820
Cash flow from investing activities
Purchase of equipment (5,000)
Cash flow from financing activities
Investment by owners 10,000
Drawings by owners (1,000)
Cash provided by financing 9,000
Net increase in Cash 6,820
Cash balance, June 1 _
Cash balance June 30 6,820/-
Statement of cash flows

27. Thank You