Upload accidents and therapy

1. Epidemiology of Accidents
Dr. Mansour Al-Taj

2. Introduction
• An accident has been defined as : "an unexpected,
unplanned occurrence which may involve injury“
• Accidents represent a major epidemic of
noncommunicable disease in the present century
• They are part of the price we pay for technological
progress.

3. Type of accidents/injuries
• A. Road traffic accidents
• Every year almost 1.25 million people die from road accidents in the world.
• For every death, there are as many as 20-50 non-fatal injuries
• and 10-20 serious injuries requiring long periods of expensive care,
nursing and treatment.
• Risk factors
• Speed (30 km/h)
• Drink-driving
• Lack of use protective measures
• Distracted driving.
• Lack of regular maintenance for the vehicles
• Behaviours and lack of experince

4. Type of accidents/injuries
• B . Domestic accidents
• 1. drowning ( in 2016, 322,000 people died from
drowning)
• 2. burns (180,000 deaths annually);
• 3 . Falls (An estimated 646,000 fatal falls occur each
year);
• 4 . poisoning (252,000 deaths);
• 5. injuries from sharp or pointed instruments; and
• 6. bites and other injuries from animals. (About 5.4

5. Type of accidents/injuries
• C . Industrial accidents
• D . Violence

6. Type of accidents/injuries
Injuries are commonly classified based on "intentionality".
• Unintentional
• Intentional
Most road traffic injuries, poisoning, falls, fire and burn
injuries and drowning are unintentional.
Intentional injuries include interpersonal violence (homicide,
sexual assault, neglect and abandonment, and other
maltreatment), suicide and collective violence (war).

7. Type of accidents/injuries
• Evidence suggests that some children and adolescents are
more vulnerable to certain types of injuries. For example
poisoning, drowning, burns
• Road traffic accidents, interpersonal violence and sports injuries
tend to affect older children , adolescents and adults .

8. Measurement of the problem
a. MORTALITY
• (i ) Proportional mortality rate : That is, the number of
deaths due to accidents per 100 (or 1000) total deaths.
• (ii) Number of deaths per million population
• (iii) Death rate per 1000 (or 100,000) registered vehicles
per year

9. Measurement of the problem
• b. MORBIDITY
• Morbidity is measured in terms of "serious injuries" and ·'slight
injuries" .
• Morbidity rates are generally less reliable because of
underreporting and mis-reporting.
• c. DISABILITY
• An important outcome of the accident process is disability,
which may be temporary or permanent, partial or total.

10. Prevention
• Health Promotion
• Legislation
• Psych-social support
• Research