Richard Hamming was an American mathematician who made seminal contributions to information theory and digital communications. Some of his notable achievements include developing Hamming codes to detect and correct errors in digital data transmission, introducing the concept of Hamming distance to quantify the number of differences between codewords, and devising the Hamming window, an improved digital filter. He worked on the Manhattan Project during World War 2 and later spent his career at Bell Labs, where he pioneered early computer programming and error-correcting codes. Hamming received the prestigious Turing Award in 1968 for his contributions to information theory and digital communications.

1. Academic Writing
Subjective assignment II
VISHNUPRABHA R M
Student ID: fd5ac454ecd411e9ac2e3db2647717a7
SASTRA Deemed to be University
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2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I extend my gratitude towards ACADEMIC
WRITING COURSE from which I learnt to
write a research article as well as review
article without plagiarism.
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3. Richard Hamming
About
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4. ABOUT
 Richard Wesley Hamming
 Born - Feb 11,1915
Chicago, Illinois U.S.
 Died – Jan 7,1998(aged 82)
Monterey, California,
U.S.
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5. BEST KNOWN FOR
 Hamming code
 Hamming window
 Hamming numbers
 Hamming distance
 Association for Computing Machinery
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6. EDUCATION
 B.S. - University of Chicago (1937)
- mathematics
 M.A. - University of Nebraska (1939)
 Ph.D. - University of Illinois at Urbana
Champaign (1942)
- Some Problems in the Boundary Value Theory of Linear
Differential Equations under Waldemar Trjitzinsky
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7. 1944-1945
 Asst Prof - J. B. Speed Scientific School,
University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
(1944)
 During world war 2 Hamming left Louisville in April
1945.
 Work on Manhattan Project, Los Alamos Laboratory, in
Hans Bethe's division.
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8. Manhattan Project
 Programming the IBM calculating machines that
computed the solution to equations provided by the
project's physicists.
 Hamming remained at Los Alamos until 1946,
when he accepted a post at the Bell Telephone
Laboratories (BTL).
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9. Bell Laboratories
At the Bell Labs Hamming shared an office
for a time with Claude Shannon
He hired to work on elasticity theory.
He spent time with the calculating
machines.
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10. PARITY BITS
 Digital machines manipulated information as
sequences of 0’s and 1’s, as “bits”.
 If a single bit in a sequence was wrong, then the
whole sequence would be.
 To detect this, a parity bit was used to verify the
correctness of each sequence.
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11. Hamming distance
 "If the computer can tell when an error has occurred”
 Hamming reasoned
-"surely there is a way of telling where the error is so that the
computer can correct the error itself.”
 He introduced a concept of the number of positions differ.
 How many changes are required to transform one code word into
another - known as the Hamming distance
 He created error correcting code called Hamming code
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12. HAMMING WINDOW
 Hamming developed an improved version, the
Hamming predictor-corrector
 He did extensive research into digital filters, devising a
new filter - the Hamming window
 With Ruth A. Weiss he developed the L2 programming
language in 1950s
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13. Hamming numbers
 Edsger Dijkstra attributed to Hamming the problem of efficiently
finding regular numbers
 The problem became known as "Hamming's problem”
 Regular numbers are often referred to as Hamming numbers
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14. Later life
 1958 to 1960 - President of the Association for Computing
Machinery
 1960 to 1976 - Professorships at Stanford University,
Stevens Institute of Technology,
the City College of New York,
the University of California at Irvine and
Princeton University
 1976 - Moved Naval Postgraduate School in California,
as an Adjunct Professor and senior lecturer
in computer science.
 1997 - Professor Emeritus in June
delivered his last lecture in Dec
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15. Awards
 Turing Award, Association for Computing Machinery, 1968.
 Member of the National Academy of Engineering, 1980.
 Harold Pender Award, University of Pennsylvania, 1981.
 Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery, 1994.
 Basic Research Award, Eduard Rhein Foundation, 1996.
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16. THANK YOU
REFERENCE
Google search(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hamming)
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