1. O-084.
Diurnal and seasonal rhythm of total antioxidant capacity and reac-
tive oxygen and nitrogen species in atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Nicholas C. Fargnoli 1,*,§
, Alexa Marie Grissinger 2,*
, Timothy J. Bowden 2
1
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469,
USA
2
School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME
04469, USA
Abstract
Antioxidants in the serum of higher vertebrate mammals like mice and
humans have been shown to fluctuate on a seasonal and circadian basis,
but there is no evidence that this occurs in fish species. Total antioxidant
capacity and total reactive oxygen and nitrogen species from liver and
serum were studied to assess how they fluctuate on seasonal and circa-
dian cycles. It was shown that antioxidant content peaked during the
month of August and was lowest during the month of May. Our study also
shows that there was no definitive seasonal variation of reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species, but fluctuates more on a circadian rhythm with
reactive species being highest in the morning, and lowest in the late af-
ternoon and night. For the last 20 years hydrogen peroxide has been one
of the methods for controlling sea lice and amoebic gill disease. Under-
standing of the temporal variations in antioxidant activity may provide a
valuable management tool for aquaculture farmers by indicating opti-
mum treatments times, such as specific time of day or season that may
allow for better success of the treatment, and thus minimize stress on the
animals.
Keywords: Salmo salar, antioxidants, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
(ROS/RNS), circadian cycle, seasonal cycle.
x Corresponding author. Tel.: (617) 584 8299.
E-mail address: Nicholas.Fargnoli@Maine.edu (N.C. Fargnoli).
* These authors have contributed equally to this work.
O-085.
Using rainbow trout cell lines to further study and understand the
pathogenesis of the coldwater pathogen, Flavobacterium
psychrophilum
S.L. Semple 1
, N.T.K. Vo 1
, N. Bols 1
, J.S. Lumsden 2
, B. Dixon 1
1
University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1,
Canada
2
University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Abstract
Like any form of agriculture, aquaculture places fish in conditions devi-
ating significantly from their natural state, making the animals easy tar-
gets for opportunistic pathogens. One such pathogen causing major
problems in global rainbow trout aquaculture is Flavobacterium psychro-
philum, the causative agent of Bacterial Coldwater Disease (BCWD).
Outbreaks of BCWD tend to occur at temperatures between 8-12oC with
losses reported to be as high as 30%. The disease has several different
presentations, highlighting that developmental stage, geographical region
and temperature may all impact the disease manifestation. The most
common presentation of BCWD is characterized by erosive skin and
muscle lesions, thus decreasing the value of the fish even when able to
survive infection. Despite the impact on stocks worldwide, there is very
little known about the pathogenesis of this bacterium. Previous studies
have alluded to the possibility of the F. pschrophilum life cycle being
intricately involved with spleen and head kidney macrophages. To further
study this, RTS-11, a rainbow trout monocyte/macrophage-like cell line
was infected with F. psychrophilum so that immune transcripts, phago-
cytosis and cell morphology/viability could be observed throughout
infection. Because the organism is also known to cause atypical gill dis-
ease, RTgill was also used to observe the impact that the organism has on
the viability and immune defenses of gill cells. Currently there is no
effective vaccine available for BCWD and very few methods of control.
Gaining a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of F. psychrophilum
may reveal potential measures to prevent infection and spread of this
troublesome disease.
Keywords: Salmonids, pathogen, aquaculture, macrophage, disease,
pathogenesis, cytokines.
O-086.
A comparative immune response to Piscirickettsia salmonis grown in
alternative media
Daniel L. Makrinos 1,*
, Grant M. Dickey 2,*
, Timothy J. Bowden 1,§
1
School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME
04469, USA
2
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469,
USA
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is a facultative, intracellular pathogen, which is the
causative agent of piscirickettsiosis in cultured salmonids. The disease has
caused significant economic losses particularly to Chilean aquaculture.
Isolation and growth of the pathogen is generally carried out in cell cul-
ture, however alternative media have been published for growth in liquid
and agar culture. We investigate the growth of P. salmonis in three defined
artificial media through optical density, cell counts, and a P. salmonis-
specific TaqMan assay. Despite previous indications that iron was essential
for in vitro growth, iron restriction was achieved and induced protein
variations between mediums upon 1D and 2D PAGE-gel electrophoresis
analysis. Furthermore, we analyze the immune response in Atlantic
salmon to P. salmonis using immune serum. These protein differences
could indicate how intracellular pathogens grow in different in vitro sys-
tems and provide additional insight for future vaccine development.
Keywords: Piscirickettsia salmonis, SRS, P. salmonis Growth, P. sal Protein,
Intracellular Bacteria
x Corresponding author. Tel.: þ207-581-2772; Fax:þ207-581-2729.
* These authors have contributed equally to this work.
O-087.
Recent discoveries of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide
(PACAP) function in the teleost fish adaptative immunity
Juana María Lugo 1
, Carolina Tafalla 2
, Aitor Gonzalez 2
, Beatriz Abos 2
,
Javier Leceta 3
, Rosa P. Gomariz 3
, Rosario Castro 2
,
Bartolomeo Gorgoglione 4
, Christopher Secombes 4
, Janet Velazquez 1
,
Yamila Carpio 1
, Mario Pablo Estrada 1,*
1
Centro de Ingeniería Genetica y Biotecnología (CIGB), Habana, Cuba
2
Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Madrid, Spain
3
Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
4
School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen,
Scotland, UK
Abstract
Recent findings added PACAP and its receptors to the growing list of me-
diators that allow crosstalk between the nervous, endocrine and immune
systems in fish. A significant point for the behavior of this framework is the
sharing of common ligand-receptor-effectors molecular systems. For lower
vertebrates, there is limited information regarding this inter-system
communication. On the other hand, in rainbow trout two major classes of B
lymphocytes have been described: IgMþ and IgTþ cells. IgMþ cells are
mainly localized in the spleen, peripheral blood and kidney but are also
Abstracts / Fish Shellfish Immunology 53 (2016) 58e93 87