This paper presents the results of a study of the safety of new vector vaccine against B. abortus based on recombinant influenza A subtype H5N1 or H1N1 (viral constructs vaccine formulation) viruses expressing Brucella ribosomal protein L7/L12 and Omp16, in cattle. To increase the effectiveness of the vaccine, adjuvants such as Montanide Gel01 or chitosan were included in its composition. Immunization of cattle (5 animals per group) with the viral constructs vaccine formulation only, or its combination with adjuvants Montanide Gel01 or chitosan, were conducted via the conjunctival method using cross prime (influenza virus subtype H5N1) and booster (influenza virus subtype H1N1) vaccination schedules. Vaccine candidates were evaluated in comparison with the positive (Brucella abortus) and negative (PBS) controls. Comprehensive studies involving thermometry and clinical examination, hematology and biochemical blood analysis, showed that all of the viral constructs vaccine formulation, as well as their combination with adjuvants, compared to the commercial bacterial vaccine Brucella abortus were completely safe in cattle. Furthermore it is shown that the developed vaccines can effectively differentiate vaccinated animals from infected animals.
Seropositivity against flaviviruses among pigs in HanoiILRI
Poster by Pham Thanh Long, Nguyen Tien Thang, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Bui Nghia Vuong, Can Xuan Minh, Åke Lundkvist and Johanna Lindahl presented at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
Variation analysis of Swine influenza virus (SIV) H1N1 sequences in experimen...Álvaro L. Valiñas
Swine influenza is a highly contagious and widely distributed disease that generates important economic losses in the pig industry. Nowadays, one of the most extended strategy used to control Swine influenza viruses (SIVs) is the trivalent vaccine application, which formulation contains the most frequently circulating SIV subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2. These vaccines do not provide sterilizing immunity against the virus, potentially favoring viral evolutionary dynamics. To better understand the main mechanisms that shape viral evolution, in this work, the SIV intra-host diversity was analyzed in samples collected from both, vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals challenged with H1N1 influenza A virus. In the present study 276 single nucleotide variants were found within 28 whole SIV genomes obtained by next generation sequencing. Differences in nucleotide variants between groups were established and the impact of each substitution found was hypothesized according to previous literature. Substitutions were allocated along all influenza genetic segments, while the most relevant non-synonymous substitutions were allocated in the NS1 protein on samples collected only from vaccinated animals. These substitutions could affect both, mRNA viral translation and pathogenesis. Moreover, new viral variants were found in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs, showing relevant substitutions in the HA, NA and NP proteins that may be contributing to evasion of host immune system, virulence and host adaptation. Overall, results of the present study suggest that SIV is continuously evolving despite vaccine application, therefore new substitutions may increase viral fitness under field conditions.
Variation analysis of Swine influenza virus (SIV) H1N1 sequences in experimen...Álvaro L. Valiñas
Swine influenza is a highly contagious and widely distributed disease that generates important economic losses in the pig industry. Nowadays, one of the most extended strategy used to control Swine influenza viruses (SIVs) is the trivalent vaccine application, which formulation contains the most frequently circulating SIV subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2. These vaccines do not provide sterilizing immunity against the virus, potentially favoring viral evolutionary dynamics. To better understand the main mechanisms that shape viral evolution, in this work, the SIV intra-host diversity was analyzed in samples collected from both, vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals challenged with H1N1 influenza A virus. In the present study 276 single nucleotide variants were found within 28 whole SIV genomes obtained by next generation sequencing. Differences in nucleotide variants between groups were established and the impact of each substitution found was hypothesized according to previous literature. Substitutions were allocated along all influenza genetic segments, while the most relevant non-synonymous substitutions were allocated in the NS1 protein on samples collected only from vaccinated animals. These substitutions could affect both, mRNA viral translation and pathogenesis. Moreover, new viral variants were found in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs, showing relevant substitutions in the HA, NA and NP proteins that may be contributing to evasion of host immune system, virulence and host adaptation. Overall, results of the present study suggest that SIV is continuously evolving despite vaccine application, therefore new substitutions may increase viral fitness under field conditions.
This paper presents the results of a study of the safety of new vector vaccine against B. abortus based on recombinant influenza A subtype H5N1 or H1N1 (viral constructs vaccine formulation) viruses expressing Brucella ribosomal protein L7/L12 and Omp16, in cattle. To increase the effectiveness of the vaccine, adjuvants such as Montanide Gel01 or chitosan were included in its composition. Immunization of cattle (5 animals per group) with the viral constructs vaccine formulation only, or its combination with adjuvants Montanide Gel01 or chitosan, were conducted via the conjunctival method using cross prime (influenza virus subtype H5N1) and booster (influenza virus subtype H1N1) vaccination schedules. Vaccine candidates were evaluated in comparison with the positive (Brucella abortus) and negative (PBS) controls. Comprehensive studies involving thermometry and clinical examination, hematology and biochemical blood analysis, showed that all of the viral constructs vaccine formulation, as well as their combination with adjuvants, compared to the commercial bacterial vaccine Brucella abortus were completely safe in cattle. Furthermore it is shown that the developed vaccines can effectively differentiate vaccinated animals from infected animals.
Seropositivity against flaviviruses among pigs in HanoiILRI
Poster by Pham Thanh Long, Nguyen Tien Thang, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Bui Nghia Vuong, Can Xuan Minh, Åke Lundkvist and Johanna Lindahl presented at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
Variation analysis of Swine influenza virus (SIV) H1N1 sequences in experimen...Álvaro L. Valiñas
Swine influenza is a highly contagious and widely distributed disease that generates important economic losses in the pig industry. Nowadays, one of the most extended strategy used to control Swine influenza viruses (SIVs) is the trivalent vaccine application, which formulation contains the most frequently circulating SIV subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2. These vaccines do not provide sterilizing immunity against the virus, potentially favoring viral evolutionary dynamics. To better understand the main mechanisms that shape viral evolution, in this work, the SIV intra-host diversity was analyzed in samples collected from both, vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals challenged with H1N1 influenza A virus. In the present study 276 single nucleotide variants were found within 28 whole SIV genomes obtained by next generation sequencing. Differences in nucleotide variants between groups were established and the impact of each substitution found was hypothesized according to previous literature. Substitutions were allocated along all influenza genetic segments, while the most relevant non-synonymous substitutions were allocated in the NS1 protein on samples collected only from vaccinated animals. These substitutions could affect both, mRNA viral translation and pathogenesis. Moreover, new viral variants were found in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs, showing relevant substitutions in the HA, NA and NP proteins that may be contributing to evasion of host immune system, virulence and host adaptation. Overall, results of the present study suggest that SIV is continuously evolving despite vaccine application, therefore new substitutions may increase viral fitness under field conditions.
Variation analysis of Swine influenza virus (SIV) H1N1 sequences in experimen...Álvaro L. Valiñas
Swine influenza is a highly contagious and widely distributed disease that generates important economic losses in the pig industry. Nowadays, one of the most extended strategy used to control Swine influenza viruses (SIVs) is the trivalent vaccine application, which formulation contains the most frequently circulating SIV subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2. These vaccines do not provide sterilizing immunity against the virus, potentially favoring viral evolutionary dynamics. To better understand the main mechanisms that shape viral evolution, in this work, the SIV intra-host diversity was analyzed in samples collected from both, vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals challenged with H1N1 influenza A virus. In the present study 276 single nucleotide variants were found within 28 whole SIV genomes obtained by next generation sequencing. Differences in nucleotide variants between groups were established and the impact of each substitution found was hypothesized according to previous literature. Substitutions were allocated along all influenza genetic segments, while the most relevant non-synonymous substitutions were allocated in the NS1 protein on samples collected only from vaccinated animals. These substitutions could affect both, mRNA viral translation and pathogenesis. Moreover, new viral variants were found in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs, showing relevant substitutions in the HA, NA and NP proteins that may be contributing to evasion of host immune system, virulence and host adaptation. Overall, results of the present study suggest that SIV is continuously evolving despite vaccine application, therefore new substitutions may increase viral fitness under field conditions.
Proteomic Analysis of the Serum and Excretory-Secretary proteins of Trichinel...AmalDhivaharS
The nematodes of the genus Trichinella are known to cause the pressing foodborne parasitic disease Trichinellosis and these parasites are known to complete all stages of development in one host with the enteral and parenteral phases observed during infection. Proteomics, in general, pertains to the systematic identification and quantification of the totality of proteins, which is the proteome of a biological system, at a specific point in time. The available proteomic studies have paved the way to identify and characterize Trichinella stage-specific proteins reacting with infected host-specific antibodies. Yet, very few contributions provide any information about changes in the global proteomic serum profile of Trichinella-infested individuals. Studies demonstrate that various Trichinella species and their phases of the invasion produce a characteristic proteomic pattern in the serum of experimentally infected pigs. Recent investigations have found that T. spiralis infection induced strong regulatory T cell responses through parasite excretory-secretory (ES) products, characterized by an increase of some regulatory T cells and growth factors. T. spiralis has also been reported to induce the angiogenic molecule vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) during nurse cell formation towards the induction of angiogenesis for nutrient supply and waste disposal. Herein, the various analogs considered in these studies include the serum, excretory-secretory proteins, surface proteins, immune-reactive proteins from muscle larvae (ML) and so on. Intestinal cultures, striated muscle tissues, pigs, mice, beavers, contributions from patients are some of the major models exploited for this purpose. The current analysis focuses on recapitulating the recent findings driven on this area to create a common ground for further studies and to ease any difficulty in continuing the proteomic analysis of T. spiralis using in vitro and in vivo models.
Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria. It was first proposed by Rahn in 1936, and now includes over 30 genera and more than 100 ...
Parasitic infection and immunomodulation: A possible explanation for the hygi...Apollo Hospitals
Helminthic parasites have a long history of co-evolution with human beings. The incidence of helminthic infection has significantly decreased in developed countries due to better sanitary measures. However, epidemiological data suggest a corresponding increase in the incidence of autoimmune and allergic diseases in association with a reduction in helminthic infections in these societies. The immune response to helminthic infection involves both innate and adaptive processes, with a strongly polarised Th2 response being the most characteristic feature. However, there is a concomitant increase in the functional regulatory T cell responses. This might explain the paradoxical decrease in both Th2-and Th1-mediated diseases such as allergy and immune-mediated inflammatory disorders in populations with increased incidence of helminthic infection. Parasitic infection therefore appears to confer a degree of immunomodulation, and for this reason, utilising helminthic infection as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of allergic and autoimmune disease has been proposed. Improved understanding of the immunologic responses to helminth infection allows these mechanisms to be exploited, enabling manipulation of the immune response in Th1-dominant conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis, and providing a new approach to treatment of these and other inflammatory and allergic conditions.
―Study of Ligand Based Virtual Screening Tools in Computer Aided Drug Designi...iosrjce
Insilico potential drug target identification involves chemical compounds for inhibiting or promoting
chemical reactions in living organism computational methods are needed for screening through large database
of these to identify a inhibitor for receptor 0ral Multi-AGC Kinase was employed for docking.We investigated
the detailed pharmacology and antitumour activity of the novel clinical drugs and natural ligand. It is
associated with Oral Multi-AGC kinase protein. The various ZINC analogs on basis of 99%, 95%, 90%
similarity for best docking results with protein for predicting a ZINC analog which can be identified under the
category of becoming a potential drug candidate in future. The best mol dock score were for ZINC analog ZINC
ID 72131268 for Irinotecan is -169.087 kcl/mol, ZINC ID 04166028 for Teniposide is -178.235 kcl/mol, ZINC
ID 30731084 for Topotecan is -166.939 kcl/mol and ZINC ID 00899824 for Curcumin is -141.537 kcl/mol.
The two parameter for toxicity properties i.e. Oral LD50 and Mutagenicity were calculated. Oral LD50 and
Mutagenicity values are found.
Differential Detection of Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii Using ne...
abstract
1. Abstract:
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major
foodborne pathogen causing severe disease in humans
worldwide. Healthy cattle are a reservoir of E. coli O157:H7,
and bovine food products and fresh produce contaminated
with bovine waste are the most common sources for disease
outbreaks in the United States. E. coli O157:H7 also survives
well in the environment. The abilities to cause human disease,
colonize the bovine gastrointestinal tract, and survive in the
environment require that E. coli O157:H7 adapt to a wide
variety of conditions. Three major virulence factors of E. coli
O157:H7 have been identified including Shiga toxins, products
of the pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte
effacement, and products of the F-like plasmid pO157. Among
these virulence factors, the role of pO157 is least understood.
A variety of molecular subtyping methods have been
developed to improve the understanding of the epidemiology
of E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks. These methods include pulse-
field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), restriction fragment length
polymorphisms (RFLP), amplified fragment-length
polymorphisms (AFLP), and phage typing. Among them, the
PFGE method was standardized by CDC and has been applied
2. successfully to discriminate outbreak-associated, sporadic,
or unrelated infections since 1993.
It is proved that shiga toxin (stx) can be coded by phage,
chromosome or plasmid.
If the bacteria would have the receptor on its surface, it can
go into the bacteria.
In the event that the stx-codon be on the phage, it may be
distribute among one or a lot of bacteries.
Therefore, examination the origin of genetic is important for
controlling of toxin producing diffusion in different strains of
E.coli.
In addition, shiga toxin has anti-cancer effects.
And it can be used as a drug. So, it is necessary to
identificate the genetic origin of this toxin. This review
provides a board overview of E. coli O157:H7 with an
emphasis on Stx.