This document provides an overview of airbrushing for model painting. It discusses the basics of how airbrushes work and the types available, including single-action and double-action. It also covers necessary equipment like compressors and paint considerations like thinning. Tips are provided on techniques like distance, testing spray patterns, and applying color in layers to achieve camouflage schemes. The overall message is that with practice, airbrushing allows for fine, smooth finishes that can realistically replicate full-size painted surfaces on scale models.
Developments In The New Swiss Codes Of Civil And Criminal Procedure Affecting...Yves Klein
This presentation made at the ICC-FraudNet meeting in Calgary on 1 October 2010 concerns a description of the new tools available for the recovery of fraud proceeds since the entry into force on 1 January 2011 of the Swiss codes of criminal procedure and of civil procedure.
Developments In The New Swiss Codes Of Civil And Criminal Procedure Affecting...Yves Klein
This presentation made at the ICC-FraudNet meeting in Calgary on 1 October 2010 concerns a description of the new tools available for the recovery of fraud proceeds since the entry into force on 1 January 2011 of the Swiss codes of criminal procedure and of civil procedure.
It is a double action airbrush with regulation of paint amount. On the first look and touch you will think that this is solid and fine airbrush and maybe you will be curious why this tool is so cheap?
It is a double action airbrush with regulation of paint amount. On the first look and touch you will think that this is solid and fine airbrush and maybe you will be curious why this tool is so cheap?
The Paasche Airbrush Company is one of the oldest companies in airbrush industry. I have written a bit about history of Paasche Airbrush company some time ago. It was just a matter of time to review one of their airbrushes.
Today I’m going to improve one of my earliest article about choosing the best airbrush with price ranges and describing them a bit more into detail. I’m also going to mention Chinese tools and maybe I will swear for some time but that’s how I feel.
Majoras' mask accurate replica tutorial cosjj.comkingdayone
Here, at cosjj.com, we have several talented designers and tailors and years costume production experience. The lowest price is not we are chasing. It’s the result due to the hard works we put in this business. We know how much you care about cosplay and how important a quality cosplay costume can be! Go visit at http://www.cosjj.com/ and find a perfect cosplay costume for your upcoming cosplay show!! Any question please feel free to contact us via info@cosjj.com .
This is an awesome airbrushing guide from Russian airbrush artist Sergei Alexandrovich Antonov. He owns an airbrush studio in Moscow and same as many of us, he also loves to share his art methods and techniques with all people interested in airbrushing. I hope you’re going to enjoy and learn something new from this step by step tutorial, the result of which is breath-taking.
In order to produce smaller droplets and compensate for the bigger droplets caused
by high viscosity fluids one can increase the pressure of the fluid. This will reduce the
droplet size according to the formula below
Screen Printing With Water Based Inks: 5 SolutionsPrintavo
So many screen printing shops have a hard time working with water based inks.
It's not that water based inks are difficult. It's that most shops don't know where to start. They don't know they might want to get a reptile fogger (but I promise more on that later).
This article will answer 5 common questions about water based inks and give you tips you can use in your shop to get the most out of this exciting medium. There's some basic concepts to understand about working with water based inks before we dive in:
The less water you have in your ink, the harder it is to work with. Water based ink has lots of water in it (seems obvious, right?). But as the ink loses water, it becomes stubborn and hard to work with.
Think about water based ink like it's blood. If you get a small cut, it scabs up quickly. But a larger wound has flowing blood and won't immediately scab up or dry out.
Keep it moist, keep it moving. You've got to manage water based inks so they don't dry out and give you issues.
Let's go further into these eco-friendly, super-soft, ultra-durable, 100% breathable inks!
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
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Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
Reimagining Classics - What Makes a Remake a Success
Abc of airbrushing
1. March 2002 www.finescale.com 25
Starting today is better than starting five
kits from now, and with a relatively low
outlay of cash you can set yourself up with
a basic airbrush set and air supply. And
then, of course, you get to start laying
paint.
How it works. Airbrushes are
miniature versions of the spray guns used
to paint full-size machines. Compressed
air, fed to the airbrush by either a com-
pressor or a pressurized container, is
directed over a small orifice. The moving
air draws paint from a reservoir (cup or
bottle), then atomizes the paint and
sprays it in a fine, narrow mist. The
tapered point of the needle in the orifice
focuses the spray and controls the amount
of paint in the spray.
Decisions, decisions. There are sev-
eral types of airbrushes to consider, but
most hobby airbrushes are either “single-
action” or “double-action.” A single-action
airbrush has a button for the air valve and
a separate control for the paint nozzle, 1.
“Single action” means the spray button
controls only the air (on or off).The but-
ton on a double-action airbrush controls
the air, but also is connected to the needle
in the paint nozzle, 2. Paint volume in the
spray is controlled by rocking the button
back and forth, moving the needle in and
out of the orifice.
Airbrushes range in price from about
24 FineScale Modeler March 2002
M
ost of my pre-airbrush memories
revolve around spray cans.There
was no reason to change my
painting habits then, as I was perfectly
satisfied with the results the cans were
giving me.
That is, until I saw a similar model to
the one I’d just completed on display in a
hobby shop. It had no buried detail, no
drips, and no “orange peel” effect (a dim-
pled paint surface). Its finish clearly
outclassed the model I’d just completed.
I questioned the shop owner about the
beautiful finish, and he said the model
was airbrushed. He explained further, and
the logic was simple: If you’re building a
scale model, why not have a scale finish?
He assured me that real aircraft don’t
have “gobs of paint on them like my
“spray bomb” cans were delivering to my
kits.
The airbrush, he said, would give me
control of the spray pattern and the vol-
ume, and let me mix colors. It would even
let me vary the types of paint I used, since
it could “atomize” lacquers, enamels, and
acrylics. And I could learn to make those
fancy camouflage finishes I’d been admir-
ing. Made sense to me.
Five years later, I am still mastering
this tool’s benefits – and I think the learn-
ing curve intimidates a lot of potential
airbrushers. Don’t let it scare you.
ABCs of
Airbrushing Learning to spray paint
By Chris Appoldt Photos by the FSM staff
FSM reviewer Randall Dieck airbrushes all
of his aircraft models. Here are his 1/48
scale Hasegawa A-7D Corsair II and
Monogram F-105G Wild Weasel.
AIRBRUSHING SPECIAL
AirbrushABCs 2/18/02 1:17 PM Page 24
2. March 2002 www.finescale.com 27
with the liquid part of the paint.
Modeling paints are made for brush
painting and must be thinned to get them
to spray properly. Don’t add thinner to
the original paint container, but obtain
empty mixing bottles or use 35mm film
containers for mixing paint.
Start by adding one part of thinner to
two parts of stirred paint. I try to thin the
paint to the consistency of milk, and
sometimes I need more thinner. I always
stir the paint and thinner thoroughly.
Gloss enamels usually need more thin-
ning than flats, but acrylics (water-based)
vary from brand to brand. Check the
paint label for the thinner-to-paint ratio
and the type of thinner that the manufac-
turer recommends.
Surface preparation. The airbrush
can produce a beautiful, thin, smooth
layer of paint, so make sure the model is
clean and smooth, too. Airbrushed paint
won’t hide blemishes – it will only make
them look worse.
I wash my ready-to-finish model in
warm soapy dishwater first, shake off the
excess water, and leave it overnight on a
lint-free dishtowel in a cabinet to dry. An
alternative to dish soap is Polly S Plastic
Prep; this alcohol-based surface-preparer
lifts greasy fingerprints and grime and
evaporates quickly.
Spray away. Always test your air-
brush’s paint flow away from your model.
Even the most experienced modelers I
know will test-shoot their newly loaded
airbrush off to the side to be certain the
paint is flowing well.
I test-spray at the lowest effective
pressure, about 10 p.s.i., and sometimes
use the regulator to crank up the pressure
to 20 p.s.i. My test surface is a huge
styrene sheet I found at a model contest
for about $1.50. An old model makes a
great “test dummy,” too, but don’t use
paper or cardboard; they absorb paint and
won’t provide a good simulation of how
the paint is going to cover your model.
Don’t aim your airbrush at the model
and then press the air button. Paint
buildup on the tip of the nozzle will lift
off with the first blast of air and land as a
spatter. Instead, aim off the model, then
move onto the area to be painted. The
same goes for stopping the spray; stop off
the model.
I spray a few patterns on the test sur-
face first, getting the “feel” of my loaded
airbrush; this way I retrain my senses on
what to expect, and discover how the air-
brush is handling with the selected paint.
What’s the right distance between the
airbrush and the model? I start about 2"
to 3" from the surface. By adjusting the
air pressure, paint-to-thinner ratio, and
paint volume, I can move in to where the
tip of the airbrush is less than 1" away
from the model, ideal for applying fine
lines and camouflage.
Stay inside the lines. If you’re just
getting started, it might be best to finish
your first airbrushed model in a single
color. Start by lightly misting the paint on
with the airbrush 4"-5" from the surface.
Don’t start any farther away; the paint
26 FineScale Modeler March 2002
$20 up to several hundred dollars.
Design, features, and quality all deter-
mine the price. Inexpensive single-action
airbrushes such as Badger’s 250 or
Testor’s A2203 are adequate for applying
single overall colors and would serve as
good “basic trainer” airbrushes.
The next step up is a high-quality
single-action airbrush such as the Paasche
H or Badger 350. Badger’s 200, 3, and
Paasche’s SA2000 are interesting hybrids.
They are single-action airbrushes (button
controls air only), but they have a longitu-
dinal needle usually found in double-action
airbrushes (where the button rocks to
control paint volume).
Double-action airbrushes, such as
Badger’s 150, Anthem, and Crescendo;
Paasche’s V and Millennium; Testor’s
Aztek; Iwata’s HP-C; and Tamiya’s HG
offer better control and finer spray pat-
terns. However, they are more difficult to
master and more complex to disassemble
and clean.
Powering up. No matter which air-
brush you choose, you’re going to need a
source of compressed air to make it work.
Air sources also range in price and com-
plexity (for a good overview, check out
the March 2002 Scale Auto, or the January
2001 FSM). At the bottom end is the
propellant can. It can supply enough “air”
to spray, perhaps, one model, so if you sel-
dom airbrush, this is the least expensive
option.
If you plan a lot of airbrushing, con-
sider buying a good compressor made for
airbrushes. They range from $100 to
about $400 depending on features.
Compressors can be noisy, but some
aren’t. The more expensive “silent” types
use refrigerator-style compressors that
charge small storage tanks. It’s a good
idea to add a moisture trap along the air-
brush hose to catch moisture “squeezed”
out of the air by the compressor.
Another alternative is a compressed
gas cylinder. You can get small cylinders
(five-pound) all the way up to industrial-
size cylinders. Usually airbrushers opt for
10- or 20-pound cylinders of carbon
dioxide or nitrogen. Gas cylinders require
a flow regulator. Cylinder/regulator
setups can be purchased for around $200,
or leased from industrial gas suppliers or
services that supply carbon dioxide cylin-
ders for beverage fountains. Cylinders are
absolutely silent and don’t require elec-
tricity, but when they are empty, you have
to tote them to a filling service.
Ready, aim, paint! Now you’ve got
an airbrush, an air source, and a model to
paint. What’s next? Ah, paint! There are
lots of modeling paints, but you can’t sim-
ply load them into the airbrush and spray
away. Your airbrush is an engineering
marvel, and a delicate instrument; so with
the exception of some buffable metallics,
modeling paints must be thinned before
airbrushing.
Stir the paint in the original container;
paint pigments are heavy and settle to the
bottom, and paint must be thoroughly
mixed before use. Keep stirring until the
heavy clump at the bottom is mixed in
A Paasche H is a fine single-action airbrush. Paint flows up the
siphon from the color cup (or bottle) into the angled paint noz-
zle. The knurled nozzle adjusts paint volume. The top-mounted
button turns on the air flow.
Badger’s model 200 is a hybrid design. It has the longitudinal nee-
dle found on double-action airbrushes, but the paint volume is
controlled by turning the knurled knob at the end of the needle.
For multicolored paint schemes, apply the lightest color over the
entire model. This will serve as a primer and help avoid unpaint-
ed spots.
This is an Iwata Eclipse series double-action airbrush. Pressing
down on the top button turns on the air flow; rocking the button
back and forth controls the paint volume. This model has a grav-
ity feed paint cup.
Airbrush the next darker color onto the first, only after you have
given the first color at least 48 hours to cure.
Here’s a tip: Lightly draw the camouflage pattern onto the first
color with a pencil.
Airbrush at an angle to get the sharpest line. Move the model so
you can outline each colored area with the fine spray.
Open the nozzle a little and fill in the center of the color area.
1 2
3 4
5
7 8
6
Knurled nozzle
Air button
Knurled knob
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3. March 2002 www.finescale.com 2928 FineScale Modeler March 2002
may dry before it gets to the model, cre-
ating a gritty, rough surface. The misted
coat serves as a “tooth” for heavier color
coats to come.
For the next coat, move the airbrush a
little closer to your model and lay an even
coat by sweeping the brush slowly over it.
Remember to begin and end the spray off
of your model to prevent paint build-up
or spatter.
I’ve learned the hard way that thinned
paint from an airbrush dries quickly.That
can fool you into thinking that the shiny
wet paint that just landed on the model is
not covering well – especially when you’re
using acrylics. The paint you’ve just
sprayed looks different in color and sheen
than the paint that is nearby. Let the
entire area you’ve just sprayed dry before
you go over it with a second pass.
Build up paint in light, even coats. If
you put it on too heavily or quickly, you
could form a drip as the paint piles up.
When you’re finished with your ses-
sion, you should have a thin, light, even
coat covering the surface. Set the project
aside overnight, and retouch any missed
spots with the airbrush the next day. A
few light coats are all you’ll need!
Multicolor schemes. As you gain
confidence, you’ll want to try airbrushing
camouflage patterns, as this is where air-
brushes really show their stuff. Before
starting, think ahead. For multicolored
schemes, paint the lightest color first, and
apply that color to the entire model, 4.
This ensures the model is covered with at
least one color, and that color can serve as
a primer. Primers aren’t absolutely neces-
sary, but they help you spot blemishes. It’s
easier to sand and repaint now than after
all the colors have been painted.
After the first (lightest) color is cured
(48 hours is safe), draw the camouflage
scheme lightly with an ordinary pencil, 5
– don’t bear down, or you’ll engrave the
paint and it will show after the camou-
flage is applied. Label each color area
with a code you’ll remember: LG for light
green,T for tan, and so forth. Hey, you’ve
got a “paint by letter” model!
Paint the next darker color over all the
indicated areas, slightly overlapping the
penciled borders, 6. To get a tighter pat-
tern, close down the nozzle and get in
close. This will take practice. Adjust the
paint volume, air pressure (if you can),
and paint/thinner ratio so you can spray
fine lines.
Another way to spray a tight edge on
each camouflage area is to aim the air-
brush 45 degrees to the surface, 7. This
will create a harder edge closest to the air-
brush, with a softer edge on the far side of
the spray.Turn the model so you can paint
from the edge of each area inward. Paint
all the edges first, then go back and fill the
middles, 8. Open the nozzle a bit so it
doesn’t take as long to fill the areas and
you’ll avoid that “scribbled in” appearance.
If you make a mistake, don’t try to
wipe the color off; the soft paint will only
smear and ruin your paint job. You can
always go back and paint over your mis-
takes. For best results, wait a couple of
days between colors to give the underly-
ing paint time to cure.
After a while, you’ll be hooked and
find yourself using the airbrush on every
modeling project. And you’ll probably
wonder why you didn’t pick up an air-
brush sooner. FSM
By Paul Boyer
Even after years of experience, you’re
going to encounter problems when air-
brushing. Here’s a peek at some of the
problems I’ve run into.
Clouds of paint swirling in your spray
area. Whoa! Back off the air pressure
and the paint volume. Any clouds of
overspray constitute wasted paint. The
airbrush can deliver fine smooth paint
jobs, so take your time and apply the
paint in thin layers.
Whether you have clouds of paint or
not, paint and thinner fumes can be
toxic. Make sure you have sufficient
ventilation in your work area. A spray
booth is best – it can remove all the
fumes. A ventilator mask is a good idea,
too.
Overspray. Watch where you’re aiming
your airbrush. While you are concentrat-
ing on spraying a certain spot, parts of
the model that lie behind your target may
accidentally receive overspray as you
paint. Make sure you mask these areas
before airbrushing. If you forget, you may
have to repaint the affected areas.
Spidery splashes. Those spots of
paint with little rivulets running out all
over. They have several causes, some-
times more than one at the same time.
Usually it means you’re too close to the
surface with too much paint coming out
of the airbrush. Also, the paint could be
too thin.
First, close the nozzle to limit the
amount of paint coming out, then test
spray on your test model to get a feel for
the proper distance. If you’re still getting
spiders, add more paint into the mixture.
Gritty finish. The paint is covering,
but it is covering with small grits and
lumps. There are four possible causes:
the paint is not thinned enough; the air-
brush is too far away and the paint is
drying on the way to the model; clumps
of pigment are not dissolving in the
thinner; there is too much air pressure.
You don’t need to blast paint on with an
airbrush – a gentle whisper from the air-
brush should be enough to deliver a
smooth finish. Adjust the air pressure (if
you can) to between 10 and 20 p.s.i., and
make sure the paint is well mixed.
Drips and runs. Too much paint in
one spot will form a puddle, and gravity
will make it run. Keep the airbrush mov-
ing so you don’t pile up too much paint
on one area.
Spatters. Little spatters around fine
lines are usually caused by a damaged
needle or nozzle. Paint blows off the
distorted tip and lands outside of the
intended area. Sometimes, low air pres-
sure also can cause this.
Examine the needle and nozzle with
a magnifying glass. If the nozzle is
cracked or splayed open, replace it. If the
tip of the needle is bent, you can careful-
ly straighten it out. Single-action
needles are relatively sturdy and you can
persuade the bent tip by pressing it
against a hard surface. Go easy: press,
check, press some more, check again,
and so forth.
The fine needle of a double-action
(or a hybrid) airbrush is more delicate.
You may not be able to see the bent tip,
but you’ll be able to feel it. Remove the
needle from the airbrush, and drag it
lightly over your fingertip. Roll the
needle as you drag, and you’ll feel the
hooked side catch as it goes along your
finger. Make note of the direction of the
hook, then drag the affected side of the
needle on fine-grit sandpaper or a sand-
ing stick. Check it again on your finger
and repeat if necessary.
Bleed under masking tape. This is
usually caused by too heavy an applica-
tion of paint. The wet paint over-
whelms the masking tape and creeps
under, resulting in a ragged line.
Airbrush several light coats instead of
trying to cover with a heavy coat. Also,
spray at an angle over the tape so the
air pressure isn’t forcing the paint under
the mask.
No paint coming out. Shame, shame,
you haven’t been cleaning the airbrush
properly. Most likely there’s a small par-
ticle of dried paint clogging the nozzle.
Check the sidebar on cleaning the air-
brush (page 30), and be sure to clean it
after every painting session.
This single-action nozzle (left) and needle
are beyond repair. Replacements can be
ordered where you purchase airbrushes.
Whoops! Using too much paint, too thin paint, or moving too close to the surface will
produce this spidery creature.
The finely feathered demarcation lines between colors is an air-
brush hallmark. Sharp lines, such as the canopy framing and the
orange area on the nose of Randall’s 1/48 scale Monogram
F-100D Super Sabre, are masked, then airbrushed.
Randall beautifully recreated the characteristic unpainted rear
fuselage of the F-100 with various shades of metallics and clear
coats. This hot-metal effect would be nearly impossible to create
without an airbrush.
Airbrush Troubleshooting
REFERENCES
How to use an Airbrush Robert Downie, Kalmbach Publishing Co., Waukesha,
Wisconsin, 2001
8 ways to power your airbrush Paul Boyer, FineScale Modeler, January 2001
Airbrushing basics Matt Usher, FineScale Modeler, February 1999
Airbrushing tricks and techniques Paul Boyer, FineScale Modeler, March 1999
Powering your airbrush Matt Usher, Scale Auto, March 2002
SOURCES
Badger Air-Brush Co. 9128 W. Belmont Ave., Franklin Park, IL 60131, 800-247-
2787, www.badgerairbrush.com
Binks Manufacturing 9201 W. Belmont Ave., Franklin Park, IL 60131, 847-671-
3000
Iwata Medea P.O. Box 14397, Portland, OR 97293, 503-253-7308, www.iwata-
airbrush.com
Paasche Airbrush Co. 7440 W. Lawrence Ave., Harwood Heights, IL 60656-3497,
708-867-9191, www.paascheairbrush.com
Tamiya America 2 Orion, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656-4200, 800-826-4922,
www.tamiyausa.com
Testor Corp./Aztek 620 Buckbee St., Rockford, IL 61104-4891, 815-962-7401,
www.testors.com
AirbrushABCs 2/18/02 1:17 PM Page 28
4. 30 FineScale Modeler March 2002
Here is the Paasche H broken down for cleaning. This is a disassembled Iwata Eclipse.
The airbrush should be cleaned after
every painting session. Paint thinners and
cleaners can be applied with cotton swabs
and pipe cleaners.
Cleaning your airbrush
Paper towel rolled
into a point helps
clean the airbrush
nozzle.
By Terry Thompson
Without a doubt, the most important aspect of airbrushing is cleaning the equip-
ment. Neglecting to clean a brush properly is also the absolute best, or at least
the simplest, way of assuring yourself of never-ending frustration while painting.
However, cleaning your airbrush doesn’t have to be a chore. I can clean my
double-action airbrush completely in less than 10 minutes and clean it well enough
to change colors in fewer than five. While I learned most of these techniques the
hard way, reading this article means you won’t have to.
Single- and double-action airbrushes require different procedures; clean hybrid
airbrushes as you would a double-action brush. I’ve organized the information below
into three categories, one for rinsing the equipment and two for cleaning the air-
brush itself. Choose the two that apply to your situation. If you’re only changing col-
ors, you can normally skip the disassembly and just rinse, unless you’re going from a
dark color to a light one, or from a metallic to a non-metallic. Then you’ll still have
to clean the brush completely.
RINSING THE EQUIPMENT
What you’ll do
A) Rinse the paint out of the brush using the appropriate solvent and cleaner (see above).
B) Remove the feed jar or cup (if possible).
C) Disassemble the nozzle assembly carefully. Wipe each piece clean with a swab dampened with the appropriate cleaner solution. For stub-
born acrylics that don’t wipe off using Windex, use paint remover.
D) Clean the inside of the paint tip (where the feed tube attaches) with a dampened swab or pipe cleaner.
E) Twist a corner of a paper towel into a point, dampen it, and clean the inside of the nozzle. Never force anything, including a pipe cleaner,
through the nozzle. If the nozzle won’t come clean, soak it in lacquer thinner or paint remover, depending on what type of paint is on it. Then
clean it using a piece of dampened toweling.
F) Reassemble the brush, then go to step 6 above.
What you’ll do
A) Rinse the paint out of the brush using the appropriate solvent and cleaner (see above).
B) Remove the feed jar or cup (if possible). Working carefully according to the manufacturer’s instructions, remove the needle. (Exception: On
Aztek double-action brushes, the needle/tip assembly is a unit. Testor does not recommend disassembling it, so just flush or soak it until clean).
C) Disassemble the nozzle assembly carefully. Wipe each piece clean with a swab dampened with the appropriate cleaner solution. For stub-
born acrylics that don’t wipe off using Windex, use the Testor paint remover.
D) Clean the inside of the paint tip (where the feed tube attaches) with a cleaner-dampened swab or pipe cleaner. If your brush has a non-
removable color cup, clean it with a swab. Clean an Aztek brush using its special cleaning tool/wrench.
E) Twist a corner of a paper towel into a point, dampen it with cleaner, and clean the inside of the nozzle. Never force anything, including pipe
cleaners, through the nozzle. The tip on a double-action or hybrid brush is extremely fragile. If the nozzle and tip won’t come clean, soak them
in lacquer thinner or paint remover (depending on what type of paint is on it) until that paint softens or loosens. Then clean the nozzle using a
piece of dampened toweling. Do not remove the tip from the nozzle.
F) Clean the needle by pulling it across a soft cloth dampened with the appropriate thinner/cleaner. Do not push it forward, and be careful –
needles are sharp!
G) Reassemble the brush, then go to step 6 above.
What you’ll need
cotton swabs, pipe cleaners,
paper towels, cleaner, paint
remover
What you’ll need
cotton swabs, pipe cleaners, soft
cloth, paper towels, cleaner,
paint remover
What you’ll need
Mineral spirits and lacquer thin-
ner (for enamels) or distilled
water and Windex (for acrylics),
Testor acrylic paint remover or
other hobby paint remover,
paper towels, cleaning station.
The instructions refer to both
“solvent” and “cleaner.” For
enamels, use mineral spirits as
the solvent and lacquer thinner
as the cleaner; for acrylics,
water is the solvent and Windex
is the cleaner.
What you’ll do
1) Immediately upon completing your painting session, remove the feed jar or color cup. Pour the thinned paint into your waste paint container
(never save it), and flush the cup or jar with solvent. If your brush has a non-removable cup, pour the paint out, then flush the cup with sol-
vent until most of the paint is out.
2) Still working quickly, pour that dirty solvent into your waste paint container and refill the cup or jar with cleaner.
3) Spray nearly a full jar or cup of cleaner through the brush into your cleaning station or other container. Let the brush sit with cleaner in it.
4) Remove and clean the feed jar and tube using cleaner-dampened swabs, pipe cleaners (for the tube only), and paper towels. If your brush
uses a non-removable color cup, clean it using dampened swabs and paper towels.
5) Spray the remaining cleaner through the brush, then clean the brush (see below).
6) Reassemble the brush, then spray clean solvent through the brush and onto a white paper towel. If it comes out clean, go to step 7. If not,
repeat steps 4 and 5 as needed, using paint remover as needed.
7) Spray the remaining solvent through the brush and into your cleaning station or container. If you’re using a double-action or hybrid brush,
remove and oil the needle, then replace it. Don’t leave cleaner, solvent, or paint remover in the airbrush during storage.
SINGLE-ACTION AIRBRUSHES
DOUBLE-ACTION AND HYBRID AIRBRUSHES
March 2002 www.finescale.com 31
I Never shake paint – always stir. Shaking leaves paint
around the top of the jar, where it dries into clumps. Those
clumps can easily clog an airbrush. A screen on your pickup
tube can help, as can straining your paint.
I If you use a single-action brush, close it (run the needle
forward or twist the tip closed) if it will sit for more than
20 seconds. Thinned paint dries on and in an open tip
quickly.
I Drain your water trap each time you spray. It can’t work if
it’s full.
I Make sure your thinner is clean. Dirt or lint (been doing
the old tip-the-can-onto-the-towel trick?) can and will clog
your brush, or at least appear in your paint.
I Lubricate your airbrush according to the instructions, and
don’t abuse it by overtightening the threads.
I Some parts, including washers, gaskets, and even needles
and tips, will wear out. Paint is abrasive, and solvents are
harsh chemicals. Keep spares on hand so you can keep
painting.
I If you think you might have bent your airbrush needle,
check it visually or by pulling it across a towel while rotat-
ing the needle. Do not check it by running it back into the
brush – that just ensures that you’ll ruin your tip also.
I If you own needles and nozzles/tips in multiple sizes,
keep the sets together. Though they may look similar,
they’re not interchangeable.
I If you can afford to, it’s a good idea to have separate air-
brushes for solvent-based paints and acrylics. The two don’t
mix well, and paint left in a brush can form clots when
exposed to the wrong solvent.
I When you reassemble a double-action brush, the action
should be crisp. If the needle sticks in the nozzle, or if the
action seems mushy, there’s still paint in the nozzle. Clean it
again.
I If you get bubbles in your color cup or feed jar, you have
an air leak in your brush, probably where the tip joins the
nozzle. Check your brush’s instructions to see whether it
can be repaired by the user.
Tips for keeping your brush clean and healthy
By Terry Thompson
Needle
Needle lock nut Connector for air hose
Paint cup
Nozzle
Air cap
Air and paint volume control
Paint cup and cap
Needle lock nut
Needle guard
Connector for air hoseNeedle
Nozzle
Air cap
Air button
AirbrushABCs 2/18/02 1:17 PM Page 30