The English alphabet consists of 26 letters that represent sounds. Vowels include A, E, I, O, U and consonants are the remaining letters. Each vowel can make a short or long sound, and there are 44 total speech sounds or phonemes in English made up of vowels, consonants, and combinations of two letters representing single sounds. The placement of a letter in a word determines if it has a beginning, middle, or ending sound, and using two vowel sounds together is called a diphthong, while starting a word with two consonants is a blend.