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India's current GDP is $2.94 trillion, making it the 5th largest economy globally. However, to reach its goal of a $5 trillion economy by 2024, India would need to grow at over 9% per year in nominal dollar terms. This would be challenging given India's most recent quarterly growth was under 6% in real terms. Several factors make the $5 trillion goal difficult, such as underdeveloped regions that cannot significantly contribute to GDP, as well as increasing natural disasters affecting many parts of India. Key reforms like boosting urbanization, agriculture, women's participation, and addressing high inflation will be needed for India to achieve its $5 trillion ambition.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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- 1. PANIPAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
- 2. 5 TRILLION ECONOMY REALITY OF INDIA
- 3. INTRODUCTION INDIA IS THE FIFTH-LARGEST ECONOMY IN THE WORLD WITH A GDP of OF $2.94 trillion in 2019, according to the IMF World Economic Outlook of October 2019. the US, China, Japan, and Germany are the larger it is already the 3rd largest behind China and the US when economic size is measured. Purchasing power parity dollars. But in per capita terms, India ranks low thanks to its large population.
- 4. A DREAM OR REALITY India is currently a F 2.94 trillion economy. To reach the 5 trillion mark by 2024, the economy would require nominal growth in dollar terms of over 9% of the year. To put this in context, in the last quarter, India grew slower than 6% in real terms.
- 5. Then and about 115 districts of India remain backward in parameters such as education, health, maternity, infant morality, skill, agriculture, and nutrition. With such parts of India that cannot make many contributions to the GDP, it becomes difficult to achieve the goal. Coming to the present in India, we are witnessing devastating natural disasters at a higher frequency. Fetal heart waves, heat waves, the worst water crisis, and water stress are the world worst performing cities in terms of air quality.
- 6. Governing factors for making India $5 trillion in economy ROLE OF STATES INFLATION GDP INVESTMENT EMPLOYEMENT
- 7. URBANISATION OF INDIA GLOBALISATION FOR GROWTH WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IS KEY AGRICULTURE REFORMS IS VITAL REFORMS TO BE TAKEN