1. What Does TCP/IP Do?
The main work of TCP/IP is to transfer the data of a computer from one
device to another. The main condition of this process is to make data
reliable and accurate so that the receiver will receive the same
information which is sent by the sender. To ensure that, each message
reaches its final destination accurately, the TCP/IP model divides its data
into packets and combines them at the other end, which helps in
maintaining the accuracy of the data while transferring from one end to
another end.
2. What is the Difference between TCP
and IP?
What is the Difference between TCP and IP? TCP and IP are different protocols of Computer
Networks. The basic difference between TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet
Protocol) is in the transmission of data. In simple words, IP finds the destination of the mail and TCP
has the work to send and receive the mail. UDP is another protocol, which does not require IP to
communicate with another computer. IP is required by only TCP. This is the basic difference between
TCP and IP.
3. Working of T
cp/ip model
Whenever we want to send something over the internet using the TCP/IP Model, the TCP/IP Model
divides the data into packets at the sender’s end and the same packets have to be recombined at the
receiver’s end to form the same data, and this thing happens to maintain the accuracy of the data.
TCP/IP model divides the data into a 4-layer procedure, where the data first go into this layer in one
order and again in reverse order to get organized in the same way at the receiver’s end.
4. The Physical Layer
1 Hardware
The physical layer handles the
physical equipment, such as cables,
connectors, and network interface
cards, that enable the transfer of
data.
2 Signals
It defines how electrical, radio, or
optical signals are transmitted and
received, ensuring reliable data
transmission.
3 Protocols
Standards like Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth are part of the physical layer,
governing the physical connection between devices.
5. The Data Link Layer
Error Detection
The data link layer ensures the
reliable and accurate delivery
of data frames by
implementing error detection
and correction mechanisms.
Access Control
It manages how multiple
devices share access to the
same physical medium,
preventing collisions and
conflicts.
Addressing
The data link layer adds
physical addressing, such as
MAC addresses, to ensure
data reaches the correct
destination.
6. The Network Layer
1
Routing
The network layer, primarily
through the IP protocol, is
responsible for determining
the best path for data to
travel between networks.
2
Addressing
It assigns logical addresses,
such as IP addresses, to
devices, enabling end-to-
end communication across
different networks.
3
Fragmentation
When data needs to be
transmitted over networks
with different maximum
packet sizes, the network
layer handles fragmentation
and reassembly.
7. The Transport Layer
Reliable Delivery
The transport layer, through
protocols like TCP, ensures
the complete and accurate
delivery of data by
managing retransmissions
and flow control.
Multiplexing
It allows multiple
applications to utilize the
same network connection
simultaneously by
assigning and managing
port numbers.
Error Checking
The transport layer
implements checksum
mechanisms to detect and
correct errors in the data
being transmitted.
8. The Application Layer
Web Browsing
The application layer
includes protocols like
HTTP and HTTPS that
enable web browsing
and access to online
resources.
Email
Protocols such as
SMTP, POP3, and IMAP
define how email
messages are
composed, sent, and
retrieved.
File Transfer
FTP and other file
transfer protocols
allow users to upload,
download, and
manage files over the
network.
Domain Name
System
DNS translates
human-readable
domain names to the
IP addresses required
for network
communication.
9. Conclusion and Key Takeaways
The TCP/IP model provides a standardized framework for network communication, enabling diverse
devices and applications to interact seamlessly. Understanding the roles and relationships of the
model's layers is crucial for designing, troubleshooting, and optimizing modern network systems.
