This document provides an executive summary of a study exploring small and mid-sized arts organizations in Allegheny County, PA. Key findings include:
- Large organizations receive the majority of financial resources, while small-mid sized organizations make up most groups but have much smaller combined budgets.
- The study analyzes different cohorts within small-mid sized organizations to understand shared challenges and strengths. Key differences found were based on budget size, discipline, age, and artistic focus.
- Relationships with the local ecosystem, including foundations, universities, arts service organizations, and larger arts organizations, provide various resources but also opportunities for increased support of small-mid sized groups.
In this paper we deal with the relationship between external donors and village organizations (VOs) in Western Sub-Saharan Africa. We utilize a large dataset of village organizations in rural areas of Senegal and Burkina Faso. We argue that the kind of relationship established with northern donors may have effects on the governance mechanisms of the village organization. We investigate to what extent differences in the foundation of the VO and of the partnership with the external donor can partially explain outcomes and membership structures of the VO itself. Our results go in the direction of possible diverging effects of a donor intervention in the village organization, according to the degree of proactivity and initiative that the VO
displays.
Authors: Cecilia Navarra, University of Namur, CRED, Rempart de la Vierge, 8, 5000 Namur, Belgium. Elena Vallino, University of Torino, Department of Economics and Statistics, Lungo Dora Siena 100/A, 10153 Torino, Italy.
Annual Report on the State of Philanthropy - Croatia 2013Catalyst Balkans
The 2013 Annual Report on Philanthropy in Croatia was the result of media monitoring (print, broadcast and electronic) of keywords related to domestic philanthropy during the period from May to December 2013.
El documento presenta la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad 2 sobre inventarios. Explica que los inventarios son activos mantenidos para la venta en el curso normal del negocio. Define el costo y valor neto realizable de los inventarios y cómo se debe medir. También incluye ejemplos prácticos sobre el cálculo del costo de adquisición de mercaderías, el valor neto realizable y casos de importación.
Este documento presenta un resumen de la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad II sobre Inventarios. En el Capítulo I se define el inventario y se explica brevemente el historial de las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad. El Capítulo II se enfoca en el desarrollo de la medición de los inventarios, incluyendo la determinación del costo y las técnicas para medir los costos como el método PEPS y el promedio ponderado. El documento concluye con la presentación de casos prácticos.
Este documento proporciona información sobre el tratamiento contable de los inventarios según la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad 2 (NIC 2). Explica que los inventarios son activos que están destinados a la venta o que se utilizan temporalmente en el proceso de producción. También describe los diferentes métodos de valoración de inventarios permitidos por la NIC 2, como el costo específico, promedio ponderado y FIFO.
This document discusses how emojis, emoticons, and text speak can be used to teach students. It provides background on the origins of emoticons in 1982 as ways to convey tone and feelings in text communications. It then suggests that with text speak and emojis, students can translate, decode, summarize, play with language, and add emotion to language. A number of websites and apps that can be used for emoji-related activities, lessons, and discussions are also listed.
Study: The Future of VR, AR and Self-Driving CarsLinkedIn
We asked LinkedIn members worldwide about their levels of interest in the latest wave of technology: whether they’re using wearables, and whether they intend to buy self-driving cars and VR headsets as they become available. We asked them too about their attitudes to technology and to the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the devices that they use. The answers were fascinating – and in many cases, surprising.
This SlideShare explores the full results of this study, including detailed market-by-market breakdowns of intention levels for each technology – and how attitudes change with age, location and seniority level. If you’re marketing a tech brand – or planning to use VR and wearables to reach a professional audience – then these are insights you won’t want to miss.
This document provides an executive summary of a study exploring small and mid-sized arts organizations in Allegheny County, PA. Key findings include:
- Large organizations receive the majority of financial resources, while small-mid sized organizations make up most groups but have much smaller combined budgets.
- The study analyzes different cohorts within small-mid sized organizations to understand shared challenges and strengths. Key differences found were based on budget size, discipline, age, and artistic focus.
- Relationships with the local ecosystem, including foundations, universities, arts service organizations, and larger arts organizations, provide various resources but also opportunities for increased support of small-mid sized groups.
In this paper we deal with the relationship between external donors and village organizations (VOs) in Western Sub-Saharan Africa. We utilize a large dataset of village organizations in rural areas of Senegal and Burkina Faso. We argue that the kind of relationship established with northern donors may have effects on the governance mechanisms of the village organization. We investigate to what extent differences in the foundation of the VO and of the partnership with the external donor can partially explain outcomes and membership structures of the VO itself. Our results go in the direction of possible diverging effects of a donor intervention in the village organization, according to the degree of proactivity and initiative that the VO
displays.
Authors: Cecilia Navarra, University of Namur, CRED, Rempart de la Vierge, 8, 5000 Namur, Belgium. Elena Vallino, University of Torino, Department of Economics and Statistics, Lungo Dora Siena 100/A, 10153 Torino, Italy.
Annual Report on the State of Philanthropy - Croatia 2013Catalyst Balkans
The 2013 Annual Report on Philanthropy in Croatia was the result of media monitoring (print, broadcast and electronic) of keywords related to domestic philanthropy during the period from May to December 2013.
El documento presenta la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad 2 sobre inventarios. Explica que los inventarios son activos mantenidos para la venta en el curso normal del negocio. Define el costo y valor neto realizable de los inventarios y cómo se debe medir. También incluye ejemplos prácticos sobre el cálculo del costo de adquisición de mercaderías, el valor neto realizable y casos de importación.
Este documento presenta un resumen de la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad II sobre Inventarios. En el Capítulo I se define el inventario y se explica brevemente el historial de las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad. El Capítulo II se enfoca en el desarrollo de la medición de los inventarios, incluyendo la determinación del costo y las técnicas para medir los costos como el método PEPS y el promedio ponderado. El documento concluye con la presentación de casos prácticos.
Este documento proporciona información sobre el tratamiento contable de los inventarios según la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad 2 (NIC 2). Explica que los inventarios son activos que están destinados a la venta o que se utilizan temporalmente en el proceso de producción. También describe los diferentes métodos de valoración de inventarios permitidos por la NIC 2, como el costo específico, promedio ponderado y FIFO.
This document discusses how emojis, emoticons, and text speak can be used to teach students. It provides background on the origins of emoticons in 1982 as ways to convey tone and feelings in text communications. It then suggests that with text speak and emojis, students can translate, decode, summarize, play with language, and add emotion to language. A number of websites and apps that can be used for emoji-related activities, lessons, and discussions are also listed.
Study: The Future of VR, AR and Self-Driving CarsLinkedIn
We asked LinkedIn members worldwide about their levels of interest in the latest wave of technology: whether they’re using wearables, and whether they intend to buy self-driving cars and VR headsets as they become available. We asked them too about their attitudes to technology and to the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the devices that they use. The answers were fascinating – and in many cases, surprising.
This SlideShare explores the full results of this study, including detailed market-by-market breakdowns of intention levels for each technology – and how attitudes change with age, location and seniority level. If you’re marketing a tech brand – or planning to use VR and wearables to reach a professional audience – then these are insights you won’t want to miss.
The document discusses three key strategies for evaluating website usability: 1) use a theoretically based approach, 2) use qualitative "micro" research methods to understand individual user experience, and 3) use quantitative "macro" research methods to understand overall user experience. It then provides details on a case study of a health website evaluation using these strategies, including qualitative user interviews and eye tracking, and a quantitative survey adapted from a theoretical framework. The evaluation provided insights into individual usability issues and an overall user experience measure.
Environment Education as a process of life long learning-case study of a web ...IndianWildlifeClub.com
This paper was presented by Dr.Susan Sharma at at the Interactive Computer-aided Learning (ICL) conference organized from the Carinthia Tech Institute (CTI) Villach, Austria from 27 September till 29 September 2006.
The report provides an evaluation and recommendations for The Salvation Army of San Antonio's website and increasing community awareness and involvement. It analyzes the organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Key findings include a lack of dedicated staff for the website/social media and low youth and millennial participation. Recommendations are to redesign the website to be more of a resource, improve partnerships with schools/churches to increase awareness of programs/services, and utilize social media to engage millennial donors and volunteers. Implementing these strategies could help SASA better serve the local community.
This document provides an overview of how older adults can serve as a valuable resource for after-school programs. It notes that older adult volunteers are available, motivated, consistent, and versatile. Research on programs like Experience Corps shows that older adult volunteers can improve school culture, limit behavioral issues, and boost student achievement. While older adults represent a great opportunity, after-school programs must invest in planning and support to effectively engage older adult volunteers. The document provides sample roles, strategies, and materials to help programs integrate older adults.
This document provides background information and a literature review for a study on United Way of Greater Greensboro's (UWGG) use of Facebook. The purpose is to determine if UWGG's Facebook page affects donor engagement and giving. A survey of UWGG Facebook followers was conducted. Key findings include: UWGG's target audience is ages 25-34; a "Like" on UWGG's page increases volunteerism rather than donations; 17% of respondents said a UWGG post influenced both donations and volunteering; and 50% of followers use UWGG's website as a primary information source. The recommendations are to add a donate button on Facebook, post donation-focused content, research how to engage Mill
This document presents a discussion paper that explores whether feedback from intended aid recipients ("constituents") leads to better development outcomes, or whether feedback is the "smart" thing for aid organizations to pursue. The paper outlines several theoretical pathways through which feedback could improve outcomes, such as increasing knowledge, facilitating learning, and boosting adoption of programs. It then reviews limited empirical evidence that in some cases feedback has produced measurable impacts, such as reductions in child mortality and better educational outcomes, though many studies fail to demonstrate effects. The paper concludes that feedback shows promise but more work is needed to understand when and how it can be effective in different contexts.
httpisw.sagepub.comInternational Social Work http.docxaryan532920
http://isw.sagepub.com/
International Social Work
http://isw.sagepub.com/content/52/3/327
The online version of this article can be found at:
DOI: 10.1177/0020872808102067
2009 52: 327International Social Work
Martin Javier Zurita Paucar
Rodas, Juan Manuel Raunelli Sander, Juan Gabriel Adanaque Zapata and
Nancy Claiborne, Junqing Liu, Henry Vandenburgh, Jan Hagen, Armando Mera
interorganizational relationships
Northern Peruvian non-governmental organizations : Patterns of
Published by:
http://www.sagepublications.com
On behalf of:
International Association of Schools of Social Work
International Council of Social Welfare
International Federation of Social Workers
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- Apr 14, 2009Version of Record >>
at ARIZONA STATE UNIV on January 1, 2013isw.sagepub.comDownloaded from
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International Social Work 52(3): 327–341
i s w
Sage Publications: Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC
DOI: 10.1177/0020872808102067
Key words interorganizational relationships non-governmental organizations
organizational environment Peru
Northern Peruvian non-governmental
organizations
Patterns of interorganizational relationships
Nancy Claiborne, Junqing Liu, Henry Vandenburgh, Jan
Hagen, Armando Mera Rodas, Juan Manuel Raunelli
Sander, Juan Gabriel Adanaque Zapata and Martin
Javier Zurita Paucar
The purpose of this exploratory study is to understand relationship
patterns among selected northern Peruvian non-governmental organi-
zations (NGOs), other regional NGOs, the national government and
international NGOs. The findings of this pilot study are expected to
locate Peruvian NGOs within patterns laid down by globalization; cri-
tique ways in which NGOs are utilized to promote false stability, and
enhance NGO functioning and capacity building; identify areas for
NGO staff development and training; directly contribute to social work
organizational practice development and further collaborative research
initiatives. ...
DISRUPTION: Evolving Models of Engagement and SupportWorking Wikily
This document summarizes a study on disruption facing member-based advocacy organizations. Key findings include:
(1) Advocacy organizations are struggling to attract younger generations who are more engaged through one-time gifts and social media rather than traditional membership models.
(2) While most organizations are experimenting with social media, few have truly innovated their engagement models.
(3) Revenues have generally increased but foundations are expected to remain the largest source of funding, raising questions about long-term sustainability.
The study highlights examples like MomsRising that are building movements through social media, and Environmental Defense Fund innovating engagement through blogs and networks. Overall, this is a time of disruption
SURVEY REPORT ON FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF YOUTH AND YOUNG PROFE...Lawi Njeremani
This document is a survey report on factors affecting the effectiveness of youth and young professionals organizations in addressing community needs. It was conducted by Lawi Sultan Njeremani of United Way Kenya. The survey utilized a modified version of the Volunteer Motivation Inventory to understand the interests and inspirations of youth and young professionals for joining such organizations. It received responses from 43 respondents across Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia over an 11-day period. The findings suggest the most important motivations for youth and young professionals to volunteer are values, reciprocity, and recognition. The report provides insights for organizations on how to effectively recruit and retain volunteer members to address community needs.
This document provides background information on Randy Unsbee and his expertise in marketing communications through traditional and new media. It outlines his extensive experience working with major agencies and companies. It also lists Unsbee's credentials and awards. The document then discusses Unsbee creating marketing programs for GPS technology and product launches. It lists Unsbee's public speaking and media consulting work. Finally, it provides links to Unsbee's websites and social media profiles.
Accessing, sharing and using development research information: The role of in...Euforic Services
1. The document discusses the role of intermediaries in facilitating access, sharing, and use of development research information.
2. It uses the analogy of a fruit supply chain to illustrate how intermediaries can play various roles in connecting research producers and intended consumers, such as policymakers.
3. An emerging group called the I-K-Mediaries Working Group aims to improve usage of research findings for development by strengthening connections between different information and knowledge intermediary organizations.
Gateway community resident perceptions of tourism development: Incorporating ...ibrahimzubairu2003
Gateway community resident perceptions of tourism development: Incorporating Importance Performance Analysis into a Limit of Acceptable Change framework
BY ( ERIC FRAUMAN AND SARAH BANKS).
IMC 611 Market Research Proposal for Trout Unlimited (Week 3 Assignment)Stephanie Marchant
This document provides a market research proposal for Trout Unlimited (TU) to better understand and engage female audiences. It aims to determine the current number of female TU members, why they joined, and their interest levels. The proposal outlines research objectives to evaluate female membership participation, renewals, geographic patterns, and the potential female angler market size. It then analyzes TU's social media presence and engagement on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and recommends improving content and encouraging more female participation to attract more female members.
Gateway community resident perceptions of tourism development: Incorporating ...ibrahimzubairu2003
Gateway community resident perceptions of tourism development: Incorporating Importance Performance Analysis into a Limit of Acceptable Change framework
BY ( ERIC FRAUMAN AND SARAH BANKS).
This report summarizes the findings of a community assessment in Waitakere, New Zealand conducted by Community Waitakere between October 2012 and March 2013. Over 160 individuals representing 74 organizations provided input. The assessment identified strengths, aspirations, needs and opportunities in the community sector. Key strengths included strong networks and the contributions of people working in the sector. Aspirations centered on more stable funding, collaboration, and recognition of community development. Needs included better representation of diverse groups and leadership development. The assessment provides insights to guide Community Waitakere's strategy and support the broader community sector.
The document summarizes survey results from annual members, life members, and non-members of an alumni association regarding communications, events, benefits, membership, and demographics. Key findings include:
- Across all segments, e-mail was the preferred communication method. Events and benefits/discounts were most important.
- Website visitation was highest for annual and life members (around 75%) and 38% for non-members.
- Athletic events had the highest attendance and satisfaction for UTSA events across segments. Roadrunner Station was most attended and important for Alumni Association events.
- Segments preferred monthly/bi-monthly communications and events, whereas the Association averages over 15 emails/month and weekly events.
This document summarizes the results of a study examining differences in behaviors, attitudes, and opinions among association members of different generations. Key findings include:
1) Keeping up-to-date on industry information and networking were the top reasons for belonging across all generations. Younger generations prioritized educational resources more.
2) Supporting the profession was a higher priority reason for belonging than supporting the association itself, especially among older members.
3) Members whose dues were reimbursed by employers expressed less commitment to associations, being less likely to recommend, volunteer, or attend conferences. However, they also expressed higher loyalty and rated membership features more positively.
4) The likelihood of renewing membership
This document summarizes the results of a study examining differences in behaviors, attitudes, and opinions among association members of different generations. Key findings include:
1) Keeping up-to-date on industry information and networking were the top reasons for belonging across all generations. Younger generations prioritized educational resources more.
2) Supporting the profession was a higher priority reason for belonging than supporting the association itself, especially among older members.
3) Millennials were more likely to belong due to dues reimbursement or colleague suggestions. Reimbursed members had higher loyalty but were less likely to recommend the association or volunteer.
4) Traditionalists had the highest likelihood of recommending the association
Essay On Importance Of Physical Exercise.pdfCheryl Barry
Benefits of Exercise Essay | Essay on Benefits of Exercise for Students .... Essay on Physical Exercise | Importance of Physical Exercise | Essay in .... Essay On Importance Of Physical Exercise – Telegraph. Write an essay on Importance of Physical Exercise | Essay Writing ....
This document discusses the results of a survey on attitudes toward professional societies. It finds that:
1) Most respondents believe professional societies are still relevant, but about a third feel their relevance has decreased over time, especially in Europe and North America.
2) Societies perform below expectations for advocacy activities like advising governments, but do well at providing information through journals and education. Improving online networking and helping members increase visibility are priorities.
3) Many members feel societies do not provide good value for money and are ineffective at communicating their value proposition. Digital communication through websites and emails must be enhanced.
The Power of a Glamping Go-To-Market Accelerator Plan.pptxRezStream
Unlock the secrets to success with our comprehensive 8-Step Glamping Accelerator Go-To-Market Plan! Watch our FREE webinar, where you'll receive expert guidance and invaluable insights on every aspect of launching and growing your glamping business.
Our excursions in tahiti offer stunning lagoon tours, vibrant marine life encounters, and cultural experiences. We ensure unforgettable adventures amidst breathtaking landscapes and serene waters. For more information, mail us at tracey@uniquetahiti.com.
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The document discusses three key strategies for evaluating website usability: 1) use a theoretically based approach, 2) use qualitative "micro" research methods to understand individual user experience, and 3) use quantitative "macro" research methods to understand overall user experience. It then provides details on a case study of a health website evaluation using these strategies, including qualitative user interviews and eye tracking, and a quantitative survey adapted from a theoretical framework. The evaluation provided insights into individual usability issues and an overall user experience measure.
Environment Education as a process of life long learning-case study of a web ...IndianWildlifeClub.com
This paper was presented by Dr.Susan Sharma at at the Interactive Computer-aided Learning (ICL) conference organized from the Carinthia Tech Institute (CTI) Villach, Austria from 27 September till 29 September 2006.
The report provides an evaluation and recommendations for The Salvation Army of San Antonio's website and increasing community awareness and involvement. It analyzes the organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Key findings include a lack of dedicated staff for the website/social media and low youth and millennial participation. Recommendations are to redesign the website to be more of a resource, improve partnerships with schools/churches to increase awareness of programs/services, and utilize social media to engage millennial donors and volunteers. Implementing these strategies could help SASA better serve the local community.
This document provides an overview of how older adults can serve as a valuable resource for after-school programs. It notes that older adult volunteers are available, motivated, consistent, and versatile. Research on programs like Experience Corps shows that older adult volunteers can improve school culture, limit behavioral issues, and boost student achievement. While older adults represent a great opportunity, after-school programs must invest in planning and support to effectively engage older adult volunteers. The document provides sample roles, strategies, and materials to help programs integrate older adults.
This document provides background information and a literature review for a study on United Way of Greater Greensboro's (UWGG) use of Facebook. The purpose is to determine if UWGG's Facebook page affects donor engagement and giving. A survey of UWGG Facebook followers was conducted. Key findings include: UWGG's target audience is ages 25-34; a "Like" on UWGG's page increases volunteerism rather than donations; 17% of respondents said a UWGG post influenced both donations and volunteering; and 50% of followers use UWGG's website as a primary information source. The recommendations are to add a donate button on Facebook, post donation-focused content, research how to engage Mill
This document presents a discussion paper that explores whether feedback from intended aid recipients ("constituents") leads to better development outcomes, or whether feedback is the "smart" thing for aid organizations to pursue. The paper outlines several theoretical pathways through which feedback could improve outcomes, such as increasing knowledge, facilitating learning, and boosting adoption of programs. It then reviews limited empirical evidence that in some cases feedback has produced measurable impacts, such as reductions in child mortality and better educational outcomes, though many studies fail to demonstrate effects. The paper concludes that feedback shows promise but more work is needed to understand when and how it can be effective in different contexts.
httpisw.sagepub.comInternational Social Work http.docxaryan532920
http://isw.sagepub.com/
International Social Work
http://isw.sagepub.com/content/52/3/327
The online version of this article can be found at:
DOI: 10.1177/0020872808102067
2009 52: 327International Social Work
Martin Javier Zurita Paucar
Rodas, Juan Manuel Raunelli Sander, Juan Gabriel Adanaque Zapata and
Nancy Claiborne, Junqing Liu, Henry Vandenburgh, Jan Hagen, Armando Mera
interorganizational relationships
Northern Peruvian non-governmental organizations : Patterns of
Published by:
http://www.sagepublications.com
On behalf of:
International Association of Schools of Social Work
International Council of Social Welfare
International Federation of Social Workers
can be found at:International Social WorkAdditional services and information for
http://isw.sagepub.com/cgi/alertsEmail Alerts:
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What is This?
- Apr 14, 2009Version of Record >>
at ARIZONA STATE UNIV on January 1, 2013isw.sagepub.comDownloaded from
http://isw.sagepub.com/content/52/3/327.full.pdf
http://online.sagepub.com/site/sphelp/vorhelp.xhtml
http://isw.sagepub.com/
International Social Work 52(3): 327–341
i s w
Sage Publications: Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC
DOI: 10.1177/0020872808102067
Key words interorganizational relationships non-governmental organizations
organizational environment Peru
Northern Peruvian non-governmental
organizations
Patterns of interorganizational relationships
Nancy Claiborne, Junqing Liu, Henry Vandenburgh, Jan
Hagen, Armando Mera Rodas, Juan Manuel Raunelli
Sander, Juan Gabriel Adanaque Zapata and Martin
Javier Zurita Paucar
The purpose of this exploratory study is to understand relationship
patterns among selected northern Peruvian non-governmental organi-
zations (NGOs), other regional NGOs, the national government and
international NGOs. The findings of this pilot study are expected to
locate Peruvian NGOs within patterns laid down by globalization; cri-
tique ways in which NGOs are utilized to promote false stability, and
enhance NGO functioning and capacity building; identify areas for
NGO staff development and training; directly contribute to social work
organizational practice development and further collaborative research
initiatives. ...
DISRUPTION: Evolving Models of Engagement and SupportWorking Wikily
This document summarizes a study on disruption facing member-based advocacy organizations. Key findings include:
(1) Advocacy organizations are struggling to attract younger generations who are more engaged through one-time gifts and social media rather than traditional membership models.
(2) While most organizations are experimenting with social media, few have truly innovated their engagement models.
(3) Revenues have generally increased but foundations are expected to remain the largest source of funding, raising questions about long-term sustainability.
The study highlights examples like MomsRising that are building movements through social media, and Environmental Defense Fund innovating engagement through blogs and networks. Overall, this is a time of disruption
SURVEY REPORT ON FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF YOUTH AND YOUNG PROFE...Lawi Njeremani
This document is a survey report on factors affecting the effectiveness of youth and young professionals organizations in addressing community needs. It was conducted by Lawi Sultan Njeremani of United Way Kenya. The survey utilized a modified version of the Volunteer Motivation Inventory to understand the interests and inspirations of youth and young professionals for joining such organizations. It received responses from 43 respondents across Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia over an 11-day period. The findings suggest the most important motivations for youth and young professionals to volunteer are values, reciprocity, and recognition. The report provides insights for organizations on how to effectively recruit and retain volunteer members to address community needs.
This document provides background information on Randy Unsbee and his expertise in marketing communications through traditional and new media. It outlines his extensive experience working with major agencies and companies. It also lists Unsbee's credentials and awards. The document then discusses Unsbee creating marketing programs for GPS technology and product launches. It lists Unsbee's public speaking and media consulting work. Finally, it provides links to Unsbee's websites and social media profiles.
Accessing, sharing and using development research information: The role of in...Euforic Services
1. The document discusses the role of intermediaries in facilitating access, sharing, and use of development research information.
2. It uses the analogy of a fruit supply chain to illustrate how intermediaries can play various roles in connecting research producers and intended consumers, such as policymakers.
3. An emerging group called the I-K-Mediaries Working Group aims to improve usage of research findings for development by strengthening connections between different information and knowledge intermediary organizations.
Gateway community resident perceptions of tourism development: Incorporating ...ibrahimzubairu2003
Gateway community resident perceptions of tourism development: Incorporating Importance Performance Analysis into a Limit of Acceptable Change framework
BY ( ERIC FRAUMAN AND SARAH BANKS).
IMC 611 Market Research Proposal for Trout Unlimited (Week 3 Assignment)Stephanie Marchant
This document provides a market research proposal for Trout Unlimited (TU) to better understand and engage female audiences. It aims to determine the current number of female TU members, why they joined, and their interest levels. The proposal outlines research objectives to evaluate female membership participation, renewals, geographic patterns, and the potential female angler market size. It then analyzes TU's social media presence and engagement on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and recommends improving content and encouraging more female participation to attract more female members.
Gateway community resident perceptions of tourism development: Incorporating ...ibrahimzubairu2003
Gateway community resident perceptions of tourism development: Incorporating Importance Performance Analysis into a Limit of Acceptable Change framework
BY ( ERIC FRAUMAN AND SARAH BANKS).
This report summarizes the findings of a community assessment in Waitakere, New Zealand conducted by Community Waitakere between October 2012 and March 2013. Over 160 individuals representing 74 organizations provided input. The assessment identified strengths, aspirations, needs and opportunities in the community sector. Key strengths included strong networks and the contributions of people working in the sector. Aspirations centered on more stable funding, collaboration, and recognition of community development. Needs included better representation of diverse groups and leadership development. The assessment provides insights to guide Community Waitakere's strategy and support the broader community sector.
The document summarizes survey results from annual members, life members, and non-members of an alumni association regarding communications, events, benefits, membership, and demographics. Key findings include:
- Across all segments, e-mail was the preferred communication method. Events and benefits/discounts were most important.
- Website visitation was highest for annual and life members (around 75%) and 38% for non-members.
- Athletic events had the highest attendance and satisfaction for UTSA events across segments. Roadrunner Station was most attended and important for Alumni Association events.
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This document summarizes the results of a study examining differences in behaviors, attitudes, and opinions among association members of different generations. Key findings include:
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A Survey of an Ecotourism Membership Organization in Alaska
1. A Survey of an Ecotourism Membership
Organization in Alaska
March 2010
(Survey responses gathered 2/11/10 to 3/1/10)
J. Jason Wettstein and Daniel O'Neill
2. Introduction and Context
Recent economic challenges notwithstanding, tourism in the last half century has been larger
than at any other time in history. Overall the industry may employ as many as one in 12 people
on Earth, and between 1950 and 2009, the number of annual tourist arrivals grew by more than
3,500 percent to some 922 million as of 2009 (UNWTO, 2009) - meaning that almost three times
the population of the United States is traveling internationally for pleasure each year, a
phenomenon that was not possible in the course of human history before the advent of mass
transportation and mass marketing (Cox, 2006, US Census Bureau, 2010).
Within this massive tourism market, the World Tourism Organization estimates that ecotourism
is growing at a rate three times that of tourism as a whole. Ecotourism, defined by the
International Ecotourism Society as "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the
environment and improves the well-being of local people,” has its roots in both the
environmental movement and academic, international development circles (Kuchment, 2008).
Conservationists, academics and development experts are both critical and crooning about the
trend. Federico Neto, an early advocate for more environmentally sustainable approaches to
tourism described a dire economic cycle associated with the tourism industry and natural places.
Describing the "lifecycle of tourism" in conscious parallel with the product life cycle as known
to marketers and manufacturers, Neto noted the evolution from "discovery" to "development" to
"decline." In essence, Neto identified and emphasized the fact that tourism can only be
sustained in the long term when natural beauty and cultural attractions associated with distinctive
places are maintained in healthy form. (Neto, 2003).
The Alaska Wilderness Recreation & Tourism Association
The Alaska Wilderness Recreation & Tourism Association (AWRTA) is a member-led
association that represents nature-based tourism businesses, individuals, and organizations in
Alaska that are aiming to practice ecotourism approaches and avoid the tourism life cycle's final
stage of decline. Via its website, awards, public outreach and education efforts, AWRTA
advocates for the sustainability of Alaska's natural and cultural resources, responsible tourism
and tourism planning for communities.
An association primarily made up of businesses, AWRTA describes the role of its members as
"working with communities to protect and enhance the quality of life, to provide good jobs and
business opportunities, and to create strong incentives for protecting Alaska's wildlife,
wilderness and special places" (www.awrta.org). Its methods include provision of planning
tools, website information and alerts, a speakers' bureau, awards, guidelines, and certifications,
community presentations, and advocacy in its own right as well as via its sister organization, the
Alaska Institute for Sustainable Recreation and Tourism. Recently the organization has
introduced major innovations such as the Visit Wild Alaska website and the Adventure Green
Alaska Certification program.
AWRTA also states that tourism is based in "resources held in common," and expresses support
for inclusive decisions making, a philosophical basis that tends to support examination of its
1
3. membership via survey methods in order to gather ideas and measure satisfaction among
members.
While the above statements and goals, largely drawn from its website (www.awrta.org), indicate
an orientation toward sustainability driven by member participation, it remains unclear whether
AWRTA is meeting its mission obligations in Alaska as well as it might. Specific topics we
aimed to study included AWRTA's advocacy for sustainability of Alaska's natural and cultural
resources, responsible tourism and tourism planning for communities.
The focus of our research was to use survey techniques including a series of Likert scale survey
items and open-ended questions to gather ideas from members, identify barriers currently facing
AWRTA, and convey this information back to AWRTA leadership and membership to increase
the potential for the organization's success.
Research Purpose
From our research and literature review, it became clear that very little has been written about
ecotourism or sustainable tourism in the Alaskan context, and thus as researchers, we were
provided with a rich potential source for an exploratory study.
While AWRTA will not likely create a utopia of perfect sustainability in the tourism industry in
Alaska in the short term, its success as an example of an organization of businesses striving to be
ecologically friendly while still creating a profit for its members provides an important model to
other organizations and associations developing in wilderness areas around the country and
internationally. The problem is specifically, that if the organization AWRTA is not perceived as
effective among its members, it holds less possibility to be a persuasive example of a more
sustainable way of conducting tourism.
Therefore our research aimed to find out if AWRTA is indeed perceived as effective among its
members on various measures. The overall societal goal implicit in our work is AWRTA's
organizational improvement over time, even in aspects where members are well satisfied with
the effects of their membership in the organization at the point of time represented by our survey
inquiry.
Results from our survey are illustrated and reported below.
2
4. Survey Findings and Interpretation
The full survey instrument can be found at http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/awrta. It is also
attached as an appendix to this report.
Population Studied
The size of the population under study has been difficult to assess. The AWRTA website and
other associated websites note membership between 100 and 300 members depending on the
page referenced1, and AWRTA's Executive Director reported there was a smaller group of active
members. She also reported a strategic aim of working to increase membership.
We had 43 survey responses, and of those that responded to our survey, it was completed to
varying degrees. Many questions were listed as optional (and only the informed consent
question was required). We left questions optional for the specific reason that we wanted
information from respondents that they felt confident about rather than seeking full participation
with the possible side effect of increasing speculation or unconsidered answers.
The majority of AWRTA members that responded indicated that they run small businesses with
fewer than ten employees (respondents = 23 of 43). Only four of our respondents indicated
association with businesses with ten or more employees.2 Three respondents indicated they
were nonprofits among the group of 43.
Limitations to study associated with our population size
• Our sample size will be more or less representative of the population depending on the
actual size of that population.
• We may have gotten a sample that was not indicative due to self-selection bias. This was
a voluntary survey promoted via web, telephone and email outreach. Those who are truly
frustrated with AWRTA may not be answering surveys that were distributed by AWRTA
on our behalf.
• Another potential biasing factor is that the survey took place in the winter months, which
could be a downtime for many summer oriented tour businesses. By choosing February
and March for survey distribution, we could bias against participation by winter oriented
(or active year round) business. For example, the sled dog season is fully engaged now,
and if sled dog tourist attractions were among our possible respondent pool, they may not
have answered our survey due to high business activity at the moment.
1
i.e. 300 -- (http://www.awrta.org/index.cfm?section=about),
Approximately 100- http://www.adventuregreenalaska.org/pdf/aga_launched_09sept08.pdf,
Approximately 170 --http://www.awrta.org/index.cfm?fa=memberdir
2
Sixteen respondents may fall into either category as they did not indicate a "business size." In any case, mathematically
speaking, it is clear that the majority of respondents are small business (even if all the non-responders on this question were large
businesses or nonprofit organizations, small business would still be the most common response).
3
5. Analyses of responses
Overall satisfaction with AWRTA (respondents = 36)
Three respondents (8.3%)
indicated “very satisfied.”
The majority of respondents
indicated they were “satisfied”
with AWRTA (52.8%)
No respondent indicated "not at
all satisfied."
There is room to grow in terms
of increasing membership
satisfaction. Not very satisfied
was reported by a third (33.3%)
of those responding.
Positive comments included
recognition of Hanna Waterstrat
Number of respondents
as a responsive Executive
Director and a sense of excitement with the introduction of the new visitwildalaska.com website.
Challenges noted in comments included mention of turnover at AWRTA as a problem as well as
awareness of a lack of funding for the organization as a barrier.
Critiques included the need for AWRTA to develop more marketing capabilities as well as a
need for AWRTA to clarify its mission and aims with members, as well as to take clear, factual
stances on environmental issues.
Ideas from the research team: Is there room to partner with local universities and professors, or
even editorial boards at newspapers, on policy and lobbying stances to clarify the environmental
positions or to build an argument for legislative/State-based funding? Candidates for partnership
or outreach might include the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, The Anchorage Daily News, or
Alaska Pacific University.
4
6. How well has
AWRTA advanced
conservation goals?
(respondents=36)
A majority of respondents
indicated that AWRTA is
advancing conservation
goals (47.2% indicated
“well” and 13.9% very
well”)
Positive comments
included recognition that
AWRTA keeps members Number of respondents
informed about environmental and conservation issues. Respondents also indicated that AWRTA
has taken principled stances on environmental issues, such as preservation of the Tongass
National Forest
Critiques included requests to take a stand in regard to activities of major industries in Alaska,
including a contention that AWRTA seems to avoid issues associated with the cruise industry,
and another contention that AWRTA seems to be silent on negative effects on sports fishing
resulting from commercial fishing.
Comments and critiques indicated support for taking positions on issues in partnership with the
membership.
Ideas from the research team:
While taking positions is a
useful activity, it also is an
expenditure of political capital.
Taking positions could
possibly divide membership,
and can be resource and time
intensive. Perhaps an element
of an upcoming ecotourism
conference could be
identification of one to two
issues where there is wide
support for taking a position
and setting position definition
and dissemination as an
actionable goal.
5
7. How well has AWRTA advanced your business goals?
(respondents=35)
AWRTA respondents provided mixed
reviews in terms of its fulfillment of
business goals.
The most common response to this
question was "well," (respondents =14,
40%)
Equal numbers of respondents are
indicating their belief that AWRTA is
advancing business goals "well" or
"very well." (combined respondents
=15, 43%) as are indicating that
AWRTA is not advancing or not very
well advancing their business goals Number of respondents
(combined respondents =15, 43%)
Marketing was indicated as an area for improvement, but respondents also expressed positive
views of visitwildalaska.com and Adventure Green Alaska and the potential for these tools.
Education and advocacy were mentioned by 3 respondents (8% of respondents) as an essential
benefit and means to advance business goals.
How well has AWRTA served as a means to preserve local culture
(respondents= 36)
The term "local culture" was left
undefined in the question. As
researchers we could have done a
better job at definition in this
question both for the respondents
and ourselves.
The majority of respondents
indicated "don't know"
As was evidenced in comments
following questions, respondents
mentioned that they could not Number of respondents
answer the question given the
enormously wide variety of definitions of terms like culture, native, and local that are present in
general, but particularly in Alaska.
6
8. One interpretation of the responses of ten percent that indicated "well" that is also evidenced in
comments is that some respondents were interpreting local culture as preservation of their own
nature-dependent livelihoods and ways of life. This is an interpretation often mentioned in the
literature alongside and congruent with a motive of providing economic and social support for
traditional (often including indigenous) ways of life through ecotourism.
Thus an organizational approach to supporting local culture (as defined by the group) is an area
for further research and exploration through future conversations and interviews.
Reason for asking the question: As researchers, we noted that AWRTA is currently pursuing
cultural aspects as part of its new Adventure Green Alaska program. Thus this is an area for
potential strategic consideration for AWRTA as it refines its guidelines, works on its certification
efforts and builds arguments through communications, lobbying efforts with first nations and the
State of Alaska, and marketing. In the course of our literature review we noted wide attention to
preserving native cultures, indigenous cultures and local ways of living and livelihoods as part of
the ecotourism movement. For example, Riika Puhakka identifies four efforts as central to a
solid certification model: 1) integrating conservation goals and philosophy into nature based
tourism, 2) defending rights of local people, 3) stressing economic utilization of nature and
accepting some tourism development as a means of strengthening conservation by demonstrating
its economic and cultural value (Puhakka, 2009). Batta and Stronza, among others add the
important element of developing a capacity to educate visitors about the intrinsic value of nature
and the necessity of participation by host communities in attaining and enjoying sustainable
economic benefits (Batta, 2006, Stronza, 2001).
Have you met with
customer support based
on your membership in
AWRTA? #
r
(respondents=32) e
s
p
o
The most common response to n
d
this question was "No" with e
"Don't Know" as the second n
t
most common and "Yes" as
s
third.
The commentary indicates that
the belief among many of the
respondents is that their clients
do not know of AWRTA's
existence nor the commitment members have taken to maintain ecotourism principles.
Ideas from the research team: An indication of lack of knowledge among stakeholders is
mirrored in the customer resistance question that followed it. This could provide an argument in
7
10. Has your business changed since you joined AWRTA?
(respondents=13)
Eleven of 30 respondents, or
approximately 37 percent
indicated improvements to their
business practices because of
membership in AWRTA.
Examples include working to
gain Green Star and Adventure
Green Alaska certification,
improving business processes,
gaining motivation and ideas
from colleagues in terms of
cultural and ecological resource
care and stewardship. Number of respondents
Comments also reveal that among those not indicating change, it is because they believe an
environmental ethic already existed in their business prior to joining AWRTA, and this ethic was
instrumental in their decision to become a member of AWRTA.
Member reports on "what supports ecotourism success in Alaska"
(respondents=16)
There were a wide variety of responses but among the most prevalent responses were indications
of the following four themes (in order of prevalence of mention).
1. Awareness building of various sorts: marketing, consciousness raising,
publicity
2. Societal change, including demand for ecotourism from consumers (or
perhaps a redefinition of consumer as participant that does not consume in the
sense of using up, but rather experiences nature).
3. Regulation and work to "green up" all tourism in Alaska
4. Creative, networked businesses and business relationships.
Item 4 is particularly supported in the literature we reviewed in preparation for this study. For
example, Frederico Neto sees community participation and community planning as essential to
success in achieving tourism that sustains local environments and cultures (Neto, 2003). We
note that this is also an essential goal mentioned on the AWRTA website.
9
11. Member reports on "what stands in the way of ecotourism success in
Alaska” (respondents=19)
There were a wide variety of responses but among the most prevalent responses were indications
of the following four themes (in order of prevalence of mention).
1. Cruise industry influence: (high throughput industrial model of tourism,
vertical integration, political influence).
2. The Alaska Travel Industry Association's lack of attention to ecotourism
3. Lack of State support for AWRTA (with comparison of support for ATIA)
4. Lack of marketing resources, specifically money but also access to newest
marketing methods.
Member reports on "how could promotion of ecotourism be improved
by AWRTA" (respondents=20)
Respondents focused on these four areas in order of prevalence.
1. Enhance marketing and visibility
2. Take stances on environmental issues and policy via advocacy and lobbying
3. Members made positive comments about the Visit Wild Alaska website
4. Clarify differences between ecotourism and industrial scale tourism.
These items, and particularly item 4 indicate a desire to take on a community role in defining
sustainable tourism. Alexandro Koutsouris, an academic contributor to the literature on
ecotourism, advocates co-constructing definitions of sustainable tourism through participative,
concerted action (Koutsouris, 2009). Items 2 and 4 in particular seem to be calls to engage in
this collaborative process.
10
12. Cross-tab comparisons
In addition to our work to examine total response to the survey, we ran cross-tabulations on
businesses with fewer than ten employees (respondents =23) and compared this sub-population
with the entire population
(respondents =43).
We also ran cross-tabulations on
businesses with ten or more
employees (respondents =4) and
compared this sub-population with
the total population (respondents
=43).
The equal to or more than ten
employee business cross-tabulation
(respondents =4) seems to present
a significant stretch in terms of
comparing and contrasting with the
entire population given how few
businesses fit this category.
However, we felt the cross-tab was important to include in terms of possible hypothesis building
because the small population presented some points of contrast with the entire survey response.
The differences we found between cross-tabbed populations are summarized below:
Businesses with fewer than ten employees (respondents =23) were more likely (40.9%) than the
entire population (36.7%) to have changed their business practices as a result of membership in
AWRTA.
Fewer than ten employees Entire survey response
Number of respondents Number of respondents
11
13. Businesses with ten or more employees (respondents =4) were more likely (75%) to indicate
that AWRTA did not advance their business goals or did not advance them very well than the
respondents in the entire population (42.9%).
Ten or more employees Entire survey response
Number of respondents Number of respondents
Attached comments among the small group of businesses (cross-tabbed as businesses with ten or
more employees) include lack of traceable customer referrals from AWRTA, a customer base
from cruise ships (and a perception of anti-cruise ship bias) and need for more marketing.
Likewise, 75% of these businesses were not very satisfied overall with AWRTA -- but half of
these business thought that AWRTA advanced conservation goals "well" on the four point Likert
scale (consisting of very well, well, not very well, not at all).
We would like to re-emphasize that this cross-tabulation in particular only provides potential for
formulating hypotheses. Given the small number of respondents (n=4) in this cross-tabbed
population of businesses with ten or more employees, generalizations in regard to organizations
with ten or more employees in the larger AWRTA membership should not be made without
more data and exploration.
How could AWRTA's ecotourism guidelines be improved? (respondents =14)
In terms of the guidelines improvement question, responses (respondents =14) were at a
relatively lower rate than other questions (which could indicate a possible lack of familiarity with
the guidelines). Calls were made to be more inclusive in the guidelines (less restrictive in
requirements for accepting members). There were also calls to take a stand (be more restrictive
and more grading/measurement oriented). Calls for more clarity in guideline language were
also present in three responses. Overall, the responses to the guidelines question indicated the
need for further discussion. We also note that this guideline discussion may be occurring already
or superseded by the evolution of the Adventure Green Alaska Certification program.
12
14. Conclusions
A few conclusions seemed to stand out for emphasis as we worked our way through the survey
responses.
The respondents are not without criticism
of AWRTA, but they value the
organization. Supportive evaluations are
particularly the case among small
businesses, and particularly on measures
of AWRTA's work toward advancing
conservation.
Many respondents still need to be
convinced that membership in AWRTA
advances their business goals. Advancing
business goals may or may not be the
primary motivator for members'
participation in the organization, but it is
one among the motivational factors.
There is support for issue definition and
taking positions on
conservation/environmental stewardship
issues in Alaska among respondents.
There is recognition that both employee
turnover and lack of resources has hurt
AWRTA in the past.
Members are calling for increased attention and results in terms of marketing benefits,
sometimes while also recognizing a lack of financial resources at AWRTA.
There is interest in and positive feelings for the Adventure Green Alaska certification and Visit
Wild Alaska website.
Respondents believed that a major opportunity and challenge for AWRTA and its membership is
building consciousness of ecotourism among visitors to Alaska.
13
15. Ideas for Further Research
Possible areas for further study of AWRTA have been mentioned in the paper, but additionally,
one or more of the following questions would seem to be fruitful areas for further exploration
through interviews with leadership and identified members who have expressed a willingness to
engage in further post-survey contact:
• How do organizations like AWRTA promote themselves in the ecotourism community?
• What resources does AWRTA have to promote itself better in its community?
• If stakeholders contribute ideas to better promote AWRTA’s organizational development
and gains, does the organization have the resources to make this possible?
• What is the most effective way to promote organizational gains to stakeholders in the
ecotourism community?
• What do the stakeholders of AWRTA want or need to better create awareness in their
community, and among customers?
Acknowledgements
We are excited about AWRTA as an organization and believe in the potential of its members to
create positive change and enhance an ethic of conservation in Alaska.
We would particularly like to thank Executive Director, Hanna Waterstrat for her support of our
project, advocacy on our behalf with the Board and membership, confidence in supporting the
need to tap the ideas, perspectives, and evaluations of membership, as well as her efforts to help
us reach members via distribution to the AWRTA listserv.
Questions or comments
The authors provided this analysis on a pro-bono basis as a for-credit project in the context of a
yearlong graduate school course, Analytical Techniques for Public Service at The Evergreen
State College in Olympia, Washington. The project is an essential part of the requirements for
attainment of a Master of Public Administration.
Particularly because it is an opportunity to enhance our learning and build our capabilities, we
welcome your questions and comments on the findings or process. If you have questions or
wish to seek further clarification on a particular point, please call Jason Wettstein at (360) 451-
3167 or Danny O'Neill at (360) 704-8710. We can also be reached via email at
jasonwettstein@yahoo.com or onedan27@evergreen.edu.
14
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