This document is a seminar report on vehicle security and optimization presented by Anish Kumar. It discusses the history of vehicle security technologies from early car alarms to modern immobilizers. It then covers different modern security systems like car alarms, immobilizers, biometric fingerprint scanners, and GPS/GSM vehicle tracking and locking systems. The report analyzes the difference between safety and security and includes statistics on recent vehicle theft cases. It highlights how new technologies can help reduce theft but also notes drawbacks to full dependency on electronic devices for security.

1. A Seminar Report on
“VEHICLE SECURITY & OPTIMISATION”
By
ANISH KUMAR
Class Roll No: 1757042
University Roll No: 12617007021
Under the guidance of
Prof. SHUBHAM KUNDU
Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
for the Award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
HERITAGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

2. CERTIFICATE
This is certified that the Seminar Report entitle “VEHICLE SECURITY &
OPTIMISATION” submitted by ANISH KUMAR partial fulfilment of
requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology Degree in Mechanical
Engineering at Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata (HITK) is an
authentic work carried by him under my supervision and guidance.
To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in this Seminar Report has
not been submitted to any another University/Institute for the award of any
Degree or Diploma.
DATE:-29-07-2019
SIGNATURE:
Prof. SHUBHAM KUNDU
Associate Professor (HITK)

3. CONTENTS
1) Introduction
2) History
3) Safety vs security
4) Recent cases of thept of vehicles
5) Advancement of technologies
6) Car alarm
7) Immobiliser
8) Biometric fingerprint scan technology
9) Vehicle tracking and locking system using GSM & GPS
10) Drawbacks of dependency on electronic device
11) Conclusion

4. INTRODUCTION
The vehicle security system provides visual and audible alarm signals if
someone opens the doors when the system is armed. It is not, however, a motion
detection type system that activates when a vehicle is moved or when a
vibration occurs.
In the last few decades, India has progressed at such an enormous rate that
many companies have strongly established themselves here. These companies
bring a huge amount of workforce with them. Arranging transportation to such a
huge mass is a cumbersome task involving many intricacies. Generally, this
transport is arranged through the local transport vendors on a yearly contract
basis, recently happen mishaps such as burglary, rape cases etc. The
development of satellite communication technology is easy to identify the
vehicle locations. Vehicle tracking systems have brought this technology to the
day-to-day life of the common person. Today GPS used in cars, ambulances,
fleets and police vehicles are common sights on the roads of developed
countries. All the existing technology support tracking the vehicle place and
status.The GPS/GSM Based System is one of the most important systems,
which integrate both GSM and GPS technologies. It is necessary due to the
many of applications of both GSM and GPS systems and the wide usage of
them by millions of people throughout the world [1]. This system designed for
users in land construction and transport business, provides real-time information
such as location, speed and expected arrival time of the user is moving vehicles
in a concise and easy-toread format. This system may also useful for
communication process among the two points. Currently GPS vehicle tracking
ensures their safety as travelling. This vehicle tracking system.

5. Massive feature representing the future of security syste
HISTORY
An early version of a car alarm for use as a theft deterrent was invented by an
unknown prisoner from Denver in 1913.[1]
This version was manually armed,
and triggered when someone tried to crank the engine. A later alarm inspired by
an early version of a remote starter was published in 1916.[2]
This version had
the car owner carry a receiver, which would buzz if the car ignition system was
tampered
A car alarm is an electronic device installed in a vehicle in an attempt to
discourage theft of the vehicle itself, its contents, or both. Car alarms work by
emitting high-volume sound (often a vehicle-mounted siren, klaxon, pre-
recorded verbal warning, the vehicle's own horn, or a combination of these)
when the conditions necessary for triggering it are met. Such alarms may also
cause the vehicle's headlights to flash, may notify the car's owner of the incident
via a paging system, and may interrupt one or more electrical circuits necessary
for the car to start. Although inexpensive to acquire and install, the effectiveness
of such devices in deterring vehicle burglary or theft when their only effect is to
emit sound appears to be negligible.

6. Other than car alarm the only security in terms of thept protection was
the key which was used to start the vehicle. Car alarms should not be
confused with immobilizers; although the purpose of both may be to
deter car theft, they operate in a dissimilar fashion. An immobilizer
generally will not offer any audible or visual theft deterrence, nor require
any more input from the driver than from the driver of a non-immobilizer
car.

7. SAFETY VS SECURITY
Safety is the prevention of accidents (accidents which may or may not
involve human agents, but are in any case not intentional).
Security is the prevention of malicious activities by people (mugging,
burglary, robbery, terrorist activities, etc.).
So safety may include activities such as clearly marking pits and holes on
a building site to avoid people accidentally falling into them. Or putting
up warning signs to warn people that there is high-voltage equipment
past a certain point and the general public should stay the hell away.
Security may involve things such as the placement of heavy lorries across
access roads of farmers’ markets to stop assholes from running their cars
or vans into crowds of people. Security involved checking passengers and
their luggage for forbidden items which could be used to attack others in
flight.

8. Safety is a subset of security and is only concerned with protecting
human life. Security includes includes this but also focuses on keeping
intruders out of both physical and technical environments and
performing risk assessments related to both security specific technical
administrative, and procedural controls. Safety doesn’t care about
personal , Corporate, or government assets unless they pose a risk to
personal safety or the safety of a group of people.
RECENT CASES OF THEFT OF VEHICLES
Motor vehicle theft is one of the most commonly reported crimes in many
contries jurisdictions. Specifically in British Columbia, the Insurance
Corporation of British Columbia (ICBC) has recently indicated that, on an
average day, 48 vehicles are stolen in British Columbia (www.icbc.com). For
the most part, research on motor vehicle theft has focused on the motivations
behind the act, the various methods employed by thieves, and, more recently,
the profile and criminal development of motor vehicle thieves. However,
there is a paucity of research examining the characteristics of stolen vehicles
that are recovered and, in particular, the recovery sites in which they are
found.
Given this, this report will examine the phenomenon of motor vehicle theft in
a Canadian context using data collected from police reports of stolen vehicles
in three cities within the Fraser Valley, British Columbia. Specifically, this report
will include an analysis of dumpsites and the recovery of vehicles from within
the Fraser Valley of British Columbia

9. ADVANCEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES
From 2007 through 2015, motor vehicle theft dropped from 1.1 million to
686,803 vehicles. However, in the past two years, motor vehicle theft
rates have bounced back – increasing 10%. Meanwhile, “smash and
grab” car break-ins are still a frequent occurrence across North America;
particularly plaguing drivers in metropolitan cities like Seattle, San
Francisco, and Philadelphia (Insurance Information Institute, iii.org).
While the introduction of “smart key” fobs has widely eliminated motor
theft via hot-wiring, thieves are continuing to cost drivers billions of
dollars a year in damage and stolen goods. In 2016 alone, $5.9 billion
was lost due to motor vehicle theft and intrusion. Thus, it is absolutely
essential that drivers do whatever they can do deter, detect, and prevent
theft of their vehicles.
Latest technologies includes:
1) Car alarm
2) Immoboliser
3) Biometric finger print scan technology
4) Vehicle tracking and locking system using GSM & GPS

10. 1)CAR ALARM
A car alarm is an electronic device installed in a vehicle in an attempt
to discourage theft of the vehicle itself, its contents, or both. Car
alarms work by emitting high-volume sound (often a vehicle-mounted
siren, klaxon, pre-recorded verbal warning, the vehicle's own horn, or
a combination of these) when the conditions necessary for triggering
it are met. Such alarms may also cause the vehicle's headlights to
flash, may notify the car's owner of the incident via a paging system,
and may interrupt one or more electrical circuits necessary for the car
to start
A typical car alarm

11. 2)IMMOBILISER
An immobiliser or immobilizer is an electronic security device fitted to
an automobile that prevents the engine from running unless the
correct transponder car key(or other token) is present. This prevents
the car from being "hot wired" after entry has been achieved and thus
reduces motor vehicle theft. Research shows that the uniform
application of immobilisers reduced the rate of car theft by 40%.
An electronic immobiliser
The electric immobiliser/alarm system was invented by St. George
Evans and Edward Birkenbuel and patented in 1919.[2]
They
developed a 3x3 grid of double-contact switches on a panel mounted
inside the car so when the ignition switch was activated, current from
the battery (or magneto) went to the spark plugs allowing the engine
to start, or immobilizing the vehicle and sounding its horn.[3]
The
system settings could be changed each time the car was
driven.[3]
Modern immobiliser systems are automatic, meaning the
owner does not have to remember to activate it.
Immobilisers have been mandatory in all new cars sold
in Germany since 1 January 1998, in the United Kingdom since 1
October 1998, in Finland since 1998, in Australia since 2001 and
in Canada since 2007. Early models used a static code in the ignition
key (or key fob) which was recognised by an RFID loop around the
lock barrel and checked against the vehicle's engine control
unit (ECU) for a match.

12. 2)BIOMETRIC FINGERPRINT SCAN TECHNOLOGY
Biometric technology is an automated access monitoring system, based
on behavioral or physiological characteristics, used for verification and
recognition of a manual access. Many versions of biometric security
system are available in the market such as voice verification,
fingerprints, hand geometry and retina/ iris/ face recognition. It’s a user-
friendly, reliable and convenient identification and monitoring method. A few
biometric vehicle control access systems have made their way to the
market such as driver identification, automatic engine starter, biometric
seats etc. The biometric car access or identification system provides
better anti-theft protection and a great sense of comfort and safety to car
owners. Major auto-brands like Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Ford and
Volkswagen are working on this technology and finding innovative ways
to strengthen their vehicles’ safety and security system.
Biometric vehicle accesss
Advantages of biometric access control automobile technology in
cars
Accuracy and high-end protection: The biometric vehicle security
system relies on biological characteristics such as retinal and fingerprint
scans, voice recognition etc. This makes it accurate and difficult for
anyone to gain access without permission of an authorized user.

13. User-friendly: It’s easy to install and user-friendly. User requires
minimum training to operate this system. It doesn’t involve any
expensive password administrators, and has a low maintenance cost.
Convenient: The biometric vehicle access devices are highly efficient
and convenient to gain control. While pins or passwords can easily be
forgotten, hacked or stolen, the biometric system includes biological
characteristics that can’t be obtained or replicated easily by an
unauthorized person.
Easy tracking: Being an automated system, it instantly tracks
unauthorized access, collects stored database, and forwards to its
owner.
Quick: Biometric vehicle control access system is quick in processing an
access request, collecting database and recognizing authorization.
4)VEHICLE TRACKING & LOCKING USING GPS &
GSM
At the present time, the rate of crime is increasing rapidly because it is a
kind of evident from the actual fact that thefts became a matter of
routine. Particularly these vehicles may incur huge losses on the part of
the amount invested on these vehicles. To overcome this problem, there
are numerous technologies are available in the market such as GPS,
GSM and GPRS systems. In the present days, most of the vehicles are
designed with GSM based vehicle theft control systems, which provides
the protection from thefts even if they are parked in the parking area.
This article mentions the anti theft system, that include: LoJack, OnStar,
Security Plus and BMW Assist, Commando FM870, Car Shield, Viper
1002, Cobra Track5, Cobra 8510, Nissan Vision 2015and VIN shield.

14. Vehicle Theft Control System
Vehicle Theft Control System Using GSM and GPS
Systems
For better understanding of this concept of the vehicle theft control
system, the projects that are based on GPS and GSM security
systems are discussed below.
These gsm and gps tracking system for cars project significantly reduce
the time, manpower and operates without interference of humanoid. In
the modern world, there are various new technologies like GPS, GSM,
RFID, Biometric Recognition. Mobile communication has been
integrated into the vehicles for security purpose. In these projects GPS
technology is used to find the exact location of the vehicle and GSM is
used to send the message to the owner of the vehicle. At once if the
vehicle seems to be theft, the owner just has to send an SMS to that
vehicle, that means a vehicle will be stopped all the doors will be closed
then the theft will be locked in the car.
GPS and GSM based Vehicle Theft Location Intimation
The main intention of this project is to find out the exact location of the
stolen vehicle by thefts and inform to the concerned authority through an
SMS

15. GPS and GSM based Vehicle
This GSM based vehicle theft control system retrieves the exact
location of a vehicle in terms of its longitude and latitude. This data is fed
to the microcontroller, that is interfaced to a GSM modem. The
microcontroller retrieves the exact location details from the GPS and
sends an SMS to the concerned authority over GSM modem on
periodical intervals which is set by the user.An LCD display is connected
to the microcontroller for crossing the data received before being sent
over GSM. This project will be very useful to people to keep track of their
vehicles.Further, this project can be developed by making an
arrangement to stop the ignition of the vehicle by the owner remotely by
sending an SMS in theft situations.
CONCLUSION
It is always better to start every design with a good proposal, which will
stand as a reference point to the work as it proceeds. The result of any
design gives joy if aims and objectives are gotten. Since the project
performed its proposal, it indeed satisfactory. Now from the input to the
output of each stage was a success. The major input is like an interrupt
and upon reception by microcontroller it goes through the iteration of

16. demobilizing the car, sending text message and starting up an alarm.
The design is thus a huge success
REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_alarm
https://www.slideshare.net/VineetRaul/vehicle-security-system
https://www.rutronik.com/article/detail/News/security-and-safety-for-the-
car/
https://isssource.com/drawing-up-plans-for-auto-security/
https://www.elprocus.com/gsm-based-vehicle-theft-control-system/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobiliser