Speaker: Pedro Fazenda, PhD Algiers, June 2018

1. A Reference Architecture for IoT Enabled Smart Cities
Supported by the FIWARE Open Source Platform
Pedro Fazenda, PhD
pfazenda@cedet.isel.ipl.pt

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ICT Role for Smart Cites
Enable the creation of a common digital single market for IoT-enabled urban services
Cover security aspects related to data management, IoT infrastructure and platform services
Provide common data models and interfaces (context management, security, marketplace, IoT, etc.)
Manage the heterogeneity of different devices, technologies and standards
Key Categories for Smart Sustainable Cities
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Quality of Life and LifestyleInfrastructure and Services People, Citizen and Society
Environment & Sustainability Environment & Sustainability
Governance, Management and AdministrationEconomy and Finance
ICT, Communications, Intelligence and Informations Energy Mobility

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Platform components are supported by widely adopted open source technologies
Interfaces with the Internet of Things (IoT) , robotics and third-party systems
Includes context data/API management, publication and monetization
Performs the processing, analysis and visualization of context information
The FIWARE Open Source Platform
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Source: FIWARE (Website)
Industry 4.0
Smart Agrifood
Smart Cities

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FIWARE Overall Architecture
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Source: FIWARE Slides / Synchronicity Deliverable D2.1
Large-scale IoT and Smart City platforms are
composed of diverse devices and funcionalities
in different layers.
Logical Layers
Infrastructure
Data Acquistion and Actuation
Data Processing, Analytics & Visualization
Economy of the Data
Context Broker

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Context Broker
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Source: Adapted from FIWARE
Capture
Process Actuate
Source: FIWARE (Website)
Data = Context Information

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Context Broker
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Source: Adapted from FIWARE
Context Information
Context Information is based in an entity-attribute model
{
"id": "Room1",
"type": "Room",
"temperature": {
"value": 23,
"type": "Float"
},
“pressure": {
"value": 720,
"type": "Integer"
}
}
Attributes
• Name
• Type
• Value
Entity
• EntityId
• EntityType 1 n
“has”
Offers developers an open API: FIWARE Next Generation Service Interfaces (NGSI)
• Publish
• Consume
• Subscribe

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Context Broker
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Source: Adapted from Context-aware application
development with FIWARE, Fermín Galán Márquez
Context Producers
Context Consumers
subscriptions
update NGSI10
query
notify
notify
update NGSI10
update NGSI10
DB
TCP/1026
TCP/1026
Orion Context
Broker
Functions for context availability management
and context management
regiterContext
discoverContextAvailability
subscribeContextAvailability
contextAvailabilitySusbscription
unsubscribeContextAvailability
NGSI10
updateContext
queryContext
subscribeContext
updateContextSubscription
unsubscribeContextSubscription
NGSI9

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Connector Framework (Cygnus)
Cygnus-NGSI
(Flume injector)
Source: Martínez Et al., A Testbed to Evaluate the FIWARE-Based IoT
Platform in the Domain of Precision Agriculture, Sensors, 2016.
Context Producers Context Consumers
subscriptions
update NGSI10
notifyContext
NGSI10
update NGSI10
update NGSI10
DB
TCP/1026
Orion Context
Broker
subscribeContext
NGSI10
HTTP
Source Memory Channel
TCP/5050
Orion
HDFS
Sink
Flume
Event
Flume
Event WebHDFS/HTTPFS
TCP/14000
Big Data Analysis
(Cosmos)
Global Instance
Hive
Client
Queries
TCP/10000
A Generic Enabler to persist data in third-party storages, creating a historical view of such data
HDFS, the Hadoop distributed file system.
MySQL, the well-known relational database manager.
CKAN, an Open Data platform.
MongoDB, the NoSQL document-oriented database.
STH Comet, a Short-Term Historic database built on top of MongoDB.
Kafka, the publish-subscribe messaging broker.
DynamoDB, a cloud-based NoSQL database by Amazon Web Services.
PostgreSQL, the well-known relational database manager.
Carto, the database specialized in geolocated data.
Supported third-party storages

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Short Term Historic (STH)
Context Producers Context Consumers
subscriptions
update NGSI10
notifyContext
NGSI10
update NGSI10
update NGSI10
DB
TCP/1026
Orion Context
Broker
subscribeContext
NGSI10
query (raw & aggregated)
A Generic Enabler to store historical raw and aggregated time series context information
The STH component exposes an HTTP
REST API to let external clients query
the available historical raw context
information

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Southbound Integration
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The Backend Device Management GE (IDAS)
Source: FIWARE-IOT-Stack Documentation
Southbound integration is managed through a library of
connectors named IoT Agents
Multiple protocols are supported:
• HTTP
• MQTT
• LWM2M
• SigFox
• LoRa
Different represntation formats of IoT data:
• Ultralight 2.0
• JSON

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Complex Event Processing (CEP)
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Context Producers Context
Consumerssubscriptions
update NGSI10
notifyContext
NGSI10
update NGSI10
update NGSI10
DB
TCP/1026
Orion
Context
Broker
subscribeContext
NGSI10
Perseo (wrapper for Esper)
Esper – (Java library that contains the rules
engine and event processing logic)
DB
HTTP
SMS
Email
Twitter
Match
Action
Action
Action
Action
Anatomy of a rule (EPL)
Rules
{
"name":"blood_rule_update",
"text":"select *,"blood_rule_update" as ruleName, *, ev.BloodPressure? as Pressure, ev.id? as Meter from pattern [every v=iotEvent(cast(cast(BloodPressure?,String),float)>1.5 and type="BloodMeter")]",
"action": {
"type":"update",
"parameters":{ "name":"abnormal", "value":"true", "type":"boolean" }
}
}
API for managing rules
Promoted by Telefonica

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Complex Event Processing (CEP)
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Context Producers Context Consumers
subscriptions
update NGSI10
notifyContext
NGSI10
update NGSI10
update NGSI10
DB
TCP/1026
Orion Context
Broker
subscribeContext
NGSI10
Event Producers
Event Consumers
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EC
EC
EC
EC
Proactive Technology Online
(Proton)
EPA – Event Processing Agent
EC- Event Channnel
Event Processing Networks
FILE
REST
Custom
REST API
Proton Development Web User Interface
(Authoring Tool)
Promoted by FIWARE
Proton projects
definition files

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An Open Source Software
WebRTC media server
(An implementation of the FIWARE Stream Oriented Generic Enabler)
Media Streams
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Source: FIWARE Documentation
Media Pipeline
Camera Crowd Detector
Crowd Events
Smart City Applications
ü Crowd Detection
ü Car Plate Recognition
ü Intrusion Detection
ü Traffic Control
ü etc.

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IDM & Authorization
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Attribute-based Access Control (ABAC)
Smart Cities Global Technology and Investment Summit, Algeria
Source: Adapted from FIWARE
Access to networks, services and
applications
Authorization is controlled by a
Policy decision point (PDP)
Secure access by authenticated and authorized
users is granted through a HTTP proxy, which acts as a
Policy Enforcement Point (PEP)

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Data Models
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Civic Issue Tracking ParkingStreet Lighting WeatherPoint of Interest
AlertsParks & GardensTransportationIndicators EnvironmentWaste Management
{
"id": "Alert:1",
"type": "Alert",
"category": "traffic",
"subCategory": "trafficJam",
"severity": "high",
"location": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [
-3.712247222222222,
40.423852777777775
]
},
"dateObserved": "2017-01-02T09:25:55.00Z",
"description": "The road is completely blocked for 3kms",
"alertSource":https://account.lab.fiware.org/users/8
}
{
"id": "Vitoria-NoiseLevelObserved",
"type": "NoiseLevelObserved",
"location": {
"type": "Point",
"coordinates": [-2.6980, 42.8491]
},
"dateObserved": "2016-12-28T11:00:00/2016-12-28T12:00:00",
"measurand": [
"LAeq | 67.8 | A-weighted, equivalent, sound level",
"LAmax | 94.5 | A-weighted, maximum, sound level",
],
"LAeq": 67.8,
"LAmax": 94.5,
"sonometerClass": "2"
}
Example 2: Noise Level ObservedExample 1: Traffic Jam Alert

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Data Models & Federation
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{
"id": "urn:oc:entity:aarhus:traffic:fixed:BT338",
"type": "urn:oc:entityType:iotdevice:traffic",
"TimeInstant": {
"type": "urn:oc:attributeType:ISO8601",
"value": "2017-07-25T13:35:00.000Z",
},
"location": {
"type": "geo:point",
"value": "56.1102508220387, 10.153714822090137",
},
"origin": {
"type": "urn:oc:attributeType:origin",
"value": "Traffic flow data from ODAA",
},
"speed:average": {
"type": "urn:oc:attributeType:speed:average",
"value": "69",
}
}
Organicity Data Asset Example
A service for experimentation that explores how citizens,
businesses and city authorities can work together to create
digital solutions to urban challenges.

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CKAN
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Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network
• A web-based open source management system for the storage and distribution of open data (Standard for data publication in Europe)
• Developed by the Open Knowledge Foundation
Smart Cities Global Technology and Investment Summit, Algeria
Context Producers
update NGSI10
update NGSI10
update NGSI10
TCP/1026
Orion Context
Broker
Big Data Analysis

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Business Ecosystem/Marketplace
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FIWARE CKAN Extensions
Real time context information can be published in CKAN as
Context Broker queries (for instance, noise levels in Lisbon, etc.)
Source: FIWARE Documentation
The Business API Ecosystem includes support for:
• Management of catalogs, products, and offering
• Rich pricing models, including recurring payments, pay-per-use, etc.
• Accounting callbacks
• Billing and charging
• PayPal, including customer charges and seller payments
• Revenue sharing, including models with multiple stakeholders
involved

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Deploying the Application Stack
19
docker-compose.yml
Smart Cities Global Technology and Investment Summit, Algeria
mongodb:
image: fiware/tutorials.tourguide-app.restaurant-data:20161011
hostname: mongodb
container_name: mongodb
expose:
- "27017"
command: --smallfiles
orion:
image: fiware/orion:latest
hostname: orion
container_name: orion
links:
- mongodb
expose:
- "1026"
ports:
- "1026:1026"
command: -dbhost mongodb
authzforce:
image: fiware/authzforce-ce-server:release-5.4.0b
hostname: authzforce
container_name: authzforce
expose:
- "8080“
...
keyrock:
image: fiware/idm:v5.3.0
hostname: keyrock
container_name: keyrock
links:
- authzforce
expose:
- "5000"
- "8000"
ports:
- "5000:5000"
- "8000:8000"
idas:
image: fiware/iotagent-ul:develop
hostname: idas
container_name: idas
links:
- mongodb:mongo
- orion
expose:
- "7896"
- "4041"
ports:
- "7896:7896"
- "4041:4041“
...

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Organicity Lisbon
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www.ocportugal.com
• Model static and dynamic data (federated with Organicity)
• Model several city statistics (for each location)
Partners
ISEL
ETConcept
Perfect Orange
Milacessos
StudioMapp
LeTTLabs
Grupo desportivo Castelo
Colectivo Warehouse

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Questions & Answers
Smart Cities Global Technology and Investment Summit, Algeria 21
Thanks for this event!
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A