This document summarizes Jan Radil's presentation at the CEF Networks 2014 workshop. Some key points from the presentation include: - It questions whether Europe's increasingly strict emissions regulations for diesel vehicles have actually been effective in reducing NOx levels as intended. - It raises concerns about whether networks are being over-engineered with new technologies like 100G and 400G that have limited reach and drive up costs, when legacy technologies may still meet current needs. - It encourages considering technologies and upgrades more rationally and critically to avoid wasting money or resources.

1. A Little Talk about Sane Progress
Jan Radil
jan.radil@cesnet.cz
CEF Networks 2014

2. A Little Talk about Sane Progress
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We are tired after two days of technical topics.
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This is the very last presentation.
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And this is the 8th CEF Networks Workshop.
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Was thinking about some off-topic themes.
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Are we happy with the results of CEFs?
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Are there any substantial proofs we are right?
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So now...it is time for something completely different. 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 2

3. A Little Talk about Sane Progress 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha
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Youtube.com

4. A Little Talk about Sane Progress The Opte Project, www.opte.org 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 4
The Opte Image has always been free for non-commercial purposes and is covered under the creative commons license.

5. A Little Talk about Sane Progress The Opte Project, www.opte.org 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 5
www.morguefile.com

6. A Little Talk about Sane Progress The Opte Project, www.opte.org 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 6
plus some filtering in GIMP, www.gimp.org

7. A Little Talk about Sane Progress The Opte Project, www.opte.org 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 7
plus some more filtering in GIMP, www.gimp.org

8. A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u28ijlP6L6M 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 8
Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed).

9. A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://sixdegrees.hu/last.fm/index.html 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 9
Reconstructing the structure of the world-wide music scene with Last.fm.
Inspired by the Internet mapping efforts of the Opte Project, I decided to investigate how does the network of musicians look like. Basically: this is a graph representation of the similarity relationships derived from the database of Last.fm.

10. A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://sixdegrees.hu/last.fm/index.html 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 10
Reconstructing the structure of the world-wide music scene with Last.fm.

11. A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://sixdegrees.hu/last.fm/index.html 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 11
Reconstructing the structure of the world-wide music scene with Last.fm.

12. A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://sixdegrees.hu/last.fm/index.html 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 12
Reconstructing the structure of the world-wide music scene with Last.fm.
Great musicians are hidden in this diagram somewhere – really great artists but they are not mainstream.
Can we find some similar diagram/graph?

13. A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://internet-map.net 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 13
The Internet map is a non-commercial project. You can share my expenses and let more people see beauty of the Internet.

14. A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://internet-map.net 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 14
The Internet map is a non-commercial project. You can share my expenses and let more people see beauty of the Internet.

15. A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://internet-map.net 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 15
The Internet map is a non-commercial project. You can share my expenses and let more people see beauty of the Internet.
Great webs are hidden in this diagram somewhere – really advanced but they are not mainstream.
Can we find some similar diagram/graph once again?

16. A Little Talk about Sane Progress http://www.le.ac.uk/physics/faulkes/web/images/hrcolour.jpg 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 16
The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram – stars.

17. A Little Talk about Sane Progress 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 17

18. A Little Talk about Sane Progress
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Are there any similarities in these pictures? Stars, web pages/servers, musicians?
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The same life-cycles? Giants, novas, dwarfs, black holes?
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Deformated/transformed sunflowers – similar concepts used to overcome the Nyquist criterion with the Anamorphic Stretch Transform (M.H. Asghari, B.Jalali)
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The AST used in 1931 by one S.Dalí La persistència de la memòria. 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 18

19. A Little Talk about Sane Progress
S.Dalí La persistència de la memòria 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 19

20. •
http://www.hybridcars.com/will-america-avoid-europes-clean-diesel- problems/
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The European Union admitted two months ago (Dec 2013) its emission policies have been ineffective for two decades.
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Rising EU NOx levels despite quadruple-strength restrictions against them.
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Janez Potocnik, member of the European Commission in charge of Environment said in December 2013 that since 1992 Euro 1 through Euro 5 regulations have failed to spur improved diesel emissions, particularly regarding NOx.
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“The actual situation is such that the [emissions] performance on the street today its basically somewhere around the level of the standards that were set in Euro 1. This was by the way, in 1992.”
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He said stricter “Euro 6” regulations to replace Euro 5 this September must correct this.
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Really? Euro 6 will correct this? With ‚the air assisted urea injection‘?
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http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/clean_air/Impact_assessment_ en.pdf - this link does not work anymore
15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 20
A Little Talk about Sane Progress Automotive industry and dangerous emissions (not CO2)

21. •
http://www.hybridcars.com/will-america-avoid-europes-clean-diesel- problems/
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The European Union admitted two months ago (Dec 2013) its emission policies have been ineffective for two decades.
•
Rising EU NOx levels despite quadruple-strength restrictions against them.
•
Janez Potocnik, member of the European Commission in charge of Environment said in December 2013 that since 1992 Euro 1 through Euro 5 regulations have failed to spur improved diesel emissions, particularly regarding NOx.
•
“The actual situation is such that the [emissions] performance on the street today its basically somewhere around the level of the standards that were set in Euro 1. This was by the way, in 1992.”
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He said stricter “Euro 6” regulations to replace Euro 5 this September must correct this.
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Really? Euro 6 will correct this? With ‚the air assisted urea injection‘?
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http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/pdf/clean_air/Impact_assessment_ en.pdf - this link does not work anymore
15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 21
A Little Talk about Sane Progress Automotive industry and dangerous emissions (not CO2)

22. •
Clouds – something new or not? Security issues. Celebrities. ‚Much Ado About Nothing‘?
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100G (and perhaps 400G) networks – compensation of chromatic dispersion, again?
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Is 10x10G more expensive than 1x100G? Today? Or tomorrow?
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What about Optical Transport Networks (OTN) – do we need it? Could we live with SONET/SDH today?
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‚Habit is a second nature‘? 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 22
A Little Talk about Sane Progress Now back to networking...

23. •
Clouds – something new or not? Security issues. Celebrities and their photos.
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Too ‚Much Ado About Nothing‘?
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Just computers connected together. Or not?
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Who is responsible and for what?
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Criticism from Richard Stallman and Larry Ellis.
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Ready for 100G->400G transition? 3000km vs 500km reach is reality. Do we move Clouds?
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Do we need Clouds? Wise, rational, sane? 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 23
A Little Talk about Sane Progress Clouds

24. •
100G quite common in today. First coherent 100G systems in 2009.
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Networks without compensation of chromatic dispersion not to limit 100G optical reach – THE recommendation from vendors.
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Great, but 10G (non coherent) not possible to deploy.
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So for distances more than 80km, only 100G coherent will work.
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Can we have 100G anywhere? Can we afford it? Who will pay for this? Waste of (tax payers) money?
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Wise, rational, sane?
15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 24
A Little Talk about Sane Progress 100G and 400G speeds

25. •
Chongjin Xie, Bell Labs: Suppression of Inter-Channel Nonlinearities in WDM Coherent PDM-QPSK Systems Using Periodic-Group-Delay Dispersion Compensators, ECOC 2009, Paper P4.08.
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Conclusions: We have shown that using PGD dispersion compensators in a dispersion-managed system can significantly improve the inter-channel nonlinear tolerance of coherent PDM-QPSK signals and make the dispersion-managed system perform better than the system with electronic dispersion compensation.
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Periodic-Group-Delay Dispersion Compensators = new kind of compensators (PGD is not Dispersion Compensating Fibre DCF)
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PGD is completely passive – it is just fibre, from few cm to few metres in length 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 25
A Little Talk about Sane Progress 100G and 400G speeds

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A Little Talk about Sane Progress 100G and 400G speeds
http://www.teraxion.com/images/stories/pdf/White_paper_HLDC_v5.pdf. Benoit Maheux-Lacroix, TeraXion, High Level Dispersion Compensator for Ultra Long-Haul Coherent Detection Links, 2012.
Used with permission.
Compensation of chromatic dispersion with Fibre Bragg Gratings FBG. This is not possible with DCFs.

27. •
400G available today
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Optical reach limited to 500-700km – want to be frank: CD plus noise.
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They say you can‘t have both bandwidth and reach:
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http://blog.infinera.com/2014/01/06/coherent-technology-you-cant-have- too-much-of-a-good-thing/#more-1073 (400G to 4x100G demultiplexing with OTN)
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www.research.att.com/techdocs/TD_101176.pdf (reality we have to accept)
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So your 100G network is designed for 2000km reach, with 400G upgrade you have 500km (numbers just examples)
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What are you goint to do?
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Move your Big Data Centres, Users,...?
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Move CERN, FNAL, radiotelescopes arrays,...?
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Deploy ‚400G regenerators‘ (back to back transponders - $$$$$$$$$$)?
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Regenerators were used with 2.5G SDH/SONET systems back in 2000. Going in circles (ITU SDH -> ITU OTN)? Like air pollution back in 1992???
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Wise, rational, sane? 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 27
A Little Talk about Sane Progress 400G speeds

28. •
They say 10x10G is more expensive than 1x100G.
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Yes or no? 10G transceiver $ vs 100G transceiver $$$. Usual prices.
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But if 10G transceiver is made 15x more expensive than is usual, 100G may pay off.
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Artificial increase of 10G prices – to make 100G a viable option today. Not valid for future of course.
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Would you buy LEDs, apples or tyres 15x more expensive than usual prices? Waste of (tax payers) money?
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Wise, rational, sane? 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 28
A Little Talk about Sane Progress Is 10x10G more expensive than 1x100G? Today? Or tomorrow?

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OTN is very similar to SDH (ITU).
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Perhaps OTN should be called SDHv3 (SDHv2 is SDH with LCAC/VCAT), timing (the synchronous feature) constraints more relaxed...OTN not so Synchronous anymore.
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Is OTN super-high-speed PDH only? (PlesiochronousDH was before SynchronousDH).
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Do we need it? They say it is necessary for subwavelength (less than 100G? 10G?) granularity.
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But DWDM transceivers 1-10G are cheap and available for ‚subwavelength‘ granularity. OTN switch is not cheap.
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Are we (NRENs) going to sell 100x1G ‚circuits‘ as known from Ethernet over SDH/SONET? If yes, we do need OTN. 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 29
A Little Talk about Sane Progress What about Optical Transport Network (OTN) – is needed?

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One prime example - TCP over long distance.
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Heard even during CEF2014 about issues with performance when connecting two end stations.
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TCP? Writing/reading discs, memories? Something else? The root of all evil not known (not possible to repeat experiments etc etc).
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To repeat experiments in some lab? To be sure what the problem is?
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400GE – why not 200GE? Or 500GE? 4x from SONET...but 100% consensus in IEEE HSE 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 30
A Little Talk about Sane Progress Other topics do exist

31. 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 31
A Little Talk about Sane Progress ‚Habit is a second nature‘?
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In Czech it is ‚Habit is an iron shirt‘.
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Perhaps it should be an iron maiden:-)

32. 15-16 September, 2014 CEF Networks Workshop, Praha 32
A Little Talk about Sane Progress
Thank you for patience.